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The Cambridge handbook of the governance of technology /
No full textIn recent years, the use of AI has skyrocketed. The introduction of widely available generative AI, such as ChatGPT, has reinvigorated concerns for harm caused to users. Yet so far government bodies and scholarly literature have failed to determine a governance structure to minimize the risks associated with AI and big data. Despite the recent consensus among tech companies and governments that AI needs to be regulated, there has been no agreement regarding what a framework of functional AI governance should look like. This volume assesses the role of law in governing AI applications in society. While exploring the intersection of law and technology, it argues that getting the mix of AI governance structures correct-both inside and outside of the law-while balancing the importance of innovation with risks to human dignity and democratic values, is one of the most important legal-social determination of our times
The Routledge handbook of the ethics of immigration /
No full text"Immigration poses one of the major moral and political challenges of the twenty-first century. Questions of the state's responsibilities towards immigrants, open borders, security, coping with the displacement of people caused by climate change and natural disasters, and deciding who has a 'right to remain' are but some of the significant challenges currently faced by governments, policymakers and humanitarian organisations. The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Immigration is an outstanding reference source to this vitally important topic. Comprising twenty-five chapters by an international team of contributors, the handbook is organised into seven clear parts: Open Borders or Right to Control: Theoretical Arguments Open Borders or Right to Control: Practical Approaches Culture, Language, and Institutions Immigration and Discrimination Entry, Exit, and Exploitation Climate, Refugees, and Protection Immigration Enforcement. In these sections a range of important issues are explored, such as immigration and cultural diversity, the economic aspects of immigration, exploitation, definitions of refugee status, territory, citizenship, trafficking and gender. As such, The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Immigration will be of great interest to those studying philosophy, politics and related subjects such as law, sociology and social policy"-
Dialogues on ethical vegetarianism /
No full textWorldwide every year, 83 billion animals are slaughtered on factory farms, at the end of brief lives full of suffering. Is it wrong to buy the products of this industry?In this book, two college students - a meat-eater and an ethical vegetarian - discuss this question in a series of dialogues conducted over five days. Issues covered include: how intelligence affects the badness of pain, whether consumers are responsible for the practices of the industry, how individual choices affect an industry, whether farm animals are better off living on factory farms than not existing at all, whether meat-eating is natural, whether morality protects those who cannot understand morality, whether morality protects those who are not members of society, whether humans alone possess souls, whether different creatures have different degrees of consciousness, why extreme animal welfare positions "sound crazy," and the role of empathy in moral judgment. The two go on to discuss the vegan life, why people who accept the arguments often fail to change their behavior, and how vegans should interact with non-vegans.This Second Edition also covers many new topics, including: Satisfying nutritional needs with plant-based foods The overall health effects of vegetarian diets The consumer costs of a plant-based diet Synthetic meat Food deserts Christian-inspired arguments for and against veganism Progressive-inspired arguments for and against veganism A new appendix offers readers delicious vegan recipes, including ones for Carrot Ginger Soup, Avocado Toast, Compassionate Chili, and The Smoothie of the Gods. Key Features: Thoroughly reviews the common arguments on both sides of the debate Dialogue format provides the most engaging way of introducing the issues Written in clear, conversational prose for a popular audience Offers new insights into the psychology of our dietary choices and our responsibility for influencing others New in this edition, several easy and delicious vegan recipe
The Routledge handbook of European penology /
No full textEuropean penology, the multidisciplinary scientific study of punishment carried out on the European continent, is booming. This Handbook aims to offer an overview of the current state of the art and cutting-edge penological research in Europe, covering all the regions (north, south, east, west) and Europe's institutional organisations - the Council of Europe and the European Union - including research that may hitherto not have been published in English. The Handbook also reflects on whether there is anything distinctive or typically (not necessarily exclusively) European in the ways penology is applied in Europe.This challenge is taken up by a team of 5 editors and 60 authors from 21 different countries, reflecting a balance of gender, early and promising career, and established researchers.After the editors' Introduction, the book is organised into three parts:Part I: European Penology - Scientific Developments discusses theoretical and methodological developments and important issues within comparative penology.Part II: European Penality - Developments in Penal Practices focuses on transversal European developments, particular groups of offenders and specific forms of punishment.Part III offers a reflection on penal policies and practices in Europe as seen from abroad.The Handbook offers graduate and postgraduate students, postgraduate researchers, academics and other research users, such as governments and NGOs, critical and up-to-date reflections on some of the most prominent discussions on penology in Europe today.Chapter 17 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license
Corporate ethics and the architecture of asylum ::offshore processing at Manus Island, Papua New Guinea and Nauru /
No full textCorporate Ethics and the Architecture of Asylum engages innovative perspectives to understand our contemporary crisis of forced displacement and detention practices in the Pacific.Multinational contractors responsible for the construction and maintenance of regional processing centres in Papua New Guinea and Nauru have flourished as powerful historical actors, exerting global dominance over the lives of asylum seekers wishing to come to Australia. Transitioning from the policeman or security guard towards the subject of the asylum seeker, this book contends that entanglements between architecture and law represent important epistemic models to interrogate how asylum can be understood and reconceptualised. Proposing diverse forms of visual and textual evidence, asylum is repositioned as a dynamic, ever-changing countermeasure against xenophobic sentiments around offshore processing. Over six chapters, Corporate Ethics examines how the regional processing centres of Manus Island and Nauru are deeply connected to the intellectual discourses of care, environmental precarity, human rights, and sovereignty. From Rembrandt's De Nachtwacht or Night Watch (1642) to recent advancements in artificial intelligence and legal testimonies, picturing the future of asylum serves as a critical tool to resist state authoritarianism and the rise of corporate malfeasance in the built environment.This book will be of interest to researchers and students of humanitarian architecture, architectural history, and Asia Pacific politics
EXPLORING THE ETHICS OF CLINICAL XENOTRANSPLANTATION
No full textThis book provides a comprehensive examination of the ethics of xenotransplantation. Due to the global shortage of organs for transplantation, there is increasing interest in cross-species transplantation, or xenotransplantation, among researchers and clinicians. Proponents of xenotransplantation envision a future in which transplantable organs can be safely and efficiently grown in genetically modified pigs. This book provides an overview of the major ethical issues involved in xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation touches on almost every area of bioethics: animal research, public health, patient selection, allocation, global justice, pediatric research, and informed consent. Each chapter provides a nuanced overview of the positions that have been offered on a specific topic and the authors seek to provide a way forward. Exploring the Ethics of Clinical Xenotransplantation is an essential resource for researchers, students, and clinicians working in bioethics, medical ethics, animal ethics, and public health policy
Competition Law, Regulation and Digital Platforms ::Japan, China, UK, EU and USA /
No full textThis book confronts and analyses how competition law in its present form is unable to deal with the new advances in digital technology that have made tech giants not subject to national jurisdictions as they straddle the world, with a particular focus on Japan, China, UK, EU and USA.Demonstrating how the gatekeeping role of digital platforms has broken through the boundaries of national regulation, this book highlights examples where companies have broken and infringed antitrust law with impunity, pursuing self-preferencing and unfair competition practices solely for their own profitability. It also identifies how tech giants can open their digital platforms for fair use by consumers, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and creators ,while still allowing tech giants to maintain their important role as gatekeepers of digital security that protects users from cyberattacks. This is followed by an examination of the similarities between tech giants and big pharma within the competition law and intellectual property context, revealing how tech giants are beginning to target the healthcare sector.Exploring how intellectual property rights are interwoven through new modernising regulations to curtail the dominance of Big Tech on digital platforms, this book will appeal to students, scholars and practitioners of Business Ethics, Intellectual Property, Law, and Regulation
Legal challenges of China's One Belt One Road initiative ::private international law considerations /
No full textThis book covers new legal developments of the One Belt One Road (OBOR) project and assesses how litigation may be organised to enforce and compensate for defaults in its related initiatives.This book is structured into five themes, consisting of essays which assess the decade of BRI's existence in the context of international economic engagement and the rule of law, private international law, dispute resolution mechanisms - including mediation - and judgement mobility. The chapters in the book strike new ground and cover recent developments such as the establishment of China's International Commercial Court, engagements in multiple Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) construction and investment projects. The book will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers and students interested in private international law issues pertaining to the OBOR routes as well as private international law in general, Asian studies and the politics of international trade
Islam, law, and the state in the Philippines /
No full text"This book accounts for the development of Islam in the Philippines from a legal perspective, investigating Islam through the lens of the institutions of Islamic law. Drawing on original fieldwork, including in Mindanao, this comprehensive book covers a wide range of topics including: Islamic leadership and authority (mufti, darul ifta and fatawa); Islamic judges and dispute resolution in shari'a courts and alternative forms of dispute resolution; legislative codification of Islamic law especially in private law (marriage and divorce); Islamic banking and finance; and madrasahs and Islamic education. The book also offers a comprehensive, detailed and timely socio-legal analysis of controversies relating to Islam and the long-running conflict in the Southern Philippines as Moro communities struggle with the challenges of transition to the long-awaited Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. This is contextualised against the wider history and politics of the southern Philippines, from pre-colonial times to 2024. The authors offer a detailed and nuanced analysis based on primary documents, as well as an account of the existing literature in the field. The book greatly enhances understandings of the social, political and historical context of current developments in Islam in the Philippines. It will be of interest to researchers studying Islam and the administration of Islamic law, Malay Muslim communities in Southeast Asia, and the history and politics of the Philippines"-
A First Nations Perspective ::Stories of Nanda Resilience as Told by Elders /
No full textThis book is an extrapolation of the research I conducted for my doctoral thesis about my people's struggle to come to terms with native title claim processes, in which we are required to prove our connection to land, culture and kin.This book offers a compelling and profound journey of Nanda people's existence over time. It gives a robust understanding of the kinship and culture of my family group. It differs from others in the same field as it has been produced from an insider's perspective; it is about my family, who are of the Murchison region of Western Australia. The book presents the ways in which my family continues to hold strong connection to kin and Country through traditional practices that have survived and flourished, regardless of colonialism. This has been achieved through the privileging of my family's lived experiences and perceptions as told by Elders. In addition, I focus on the small details of our everyday lives to capture aspects of Country and kin. Further, insider positioning is incorporated in a critically reflexive way, based on auto-ethnographic accounts. Each chapter of the book focuses on particular ideas that were developed over the course of the study. The research provides examples of the historical and contemporary struggle of this Nanda family group's survival and recognition as traditional owners in a native title claim. Particular themes were recurrent features in many of my conversations with Elders. The theme of identity, pertaining to how members of this family group identify with each other and with others, was consistent throughout the process and is based on the love and respect between family members.Readers interested in Australian history, anthropology, cultural studies and Indigenous studies will appreciate this book