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Fast switching water processable electrochromic polymers
No full textThis paper describes the synthesis of two new blue to transmissive donor–acceptor electrochromic polymers: a polymer synthesized using an alternating copolymerization route (ECP-Blue-A) and a polymer synthesized using a random copolymerization (ECP-Blue-R) by Stille polymerization. These polymers utilize side chains with four ester groups per donor moiety, allowing organic solubility in the ester form, and water solubility upon saponification to their carboxylate salt form. We demonstrate that the saponified polymer salts of ECP-Blue-A and ECP-Blue-R (WS-ECP-Blue-A and WS-ECP-Blue-R) can be processed from aqueous solutions into thin films by spray-casting. Upon the subsequent neutralization of the thin films, the resulting polymer acid films are solvent resistant and can be electrochemically switched between their colored state and a transmissive state in a KNO3/water electrolyte solution. The polymer acids, WS-ECP-Blue-A-acid and WS-ECP-Blue-R-acid, show electrochromic contrast Δ%T of 38% at 655 nm and 39% at 555 nm for a 0.5 s switch, demonstrating the advantage of an aqueous compatible electrochrome switchable in high ionic conductivity aqueous electrolytes. The results of the electrochromic properties study indicate that these polymers are promising candidates for aqueous processable and aqueous switching electrochromic materials and devices as desired for applications where environmental impact is of importance
A counterexample to a conjecture of Ghosh
No full textWe answer two questions of Shamik Ghosh in the negative. We show that there exists a lobster tree of diameter less than 6 which accepts no alpha-labeling with two central vertices labeled by the critical number and the maximum vertex label. We also observe that this simple example is a tree of diameter 4 with an even degree central vertex which does not accept a maximum label in any graceful labeling
Emotional Intelligence: Is it Necessary for Leader Development?
No full textAffiliation Clayton State UniversityThis article seeks to examine whether emotional intelligence plays a role in leader development
“He did that because I was Black”: Black college students perceive municipal police, not campus police, as discriminating
No full textFriction Modeling and Analysis of Injection Process in Squeeze Casting
No full textAn analytic model is presented for quantitatively investigating the impact of friction between the punchand the shot sleeve on dynamic match status during the injection process of squeeze casting, with theultimate purpose of optimizing machine design and controlling injection process more accurately. Bycombining lubrication model and friction experiment, the friction characteristics between the punchand the shot sleeve are investigated in four cases of different clearance values. The lubrication model isvalidated by comparing the calculated and experimental values of the friction coefficient. The frictionmodel of injection process is then established by means of updating incremental boundary conditionsiteratively. The temperature and deformation data are collected from laboratory testing and used to com-pare with the simulation data obtained from both the general model and the proposed friction model. Thesimulation data from the friction model is approximately in agreement with the experimental data, betterthan the general model, implying that the proposed analytics model provides more accurate simulationof the friction coefficients
Transformational Leadership: Lessons in managing a learning organization
No full textThe characteristic of a learning organization is one that continually adapts and learns in order to respond to changes in the environment. In this paper the writers will illustrate how transformational leadership is essential in creating and managing a learning organization and also show the interrelationship between management and leadership, the role of a transformational leader in creating a learning organization, and transformational leaders as change agents partnering for performance
