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Regionalism from above: intergovernmental relations in Canadian metropolitan governance
Get PDFRobust metropolitan governance is increasingly viewed as necessary to address important economic, social and environmental problems. In this context, this article surveys recent developments in Canadian metropolitan governance. Canada was admired in the post-war period for the effectiveness of its two-tier and unitary metropolitan governments; however, few survive today as urbanisation patterns have become increasingly polycentric and intergovernmental relations more conflictual. Three models have emerged in Canada, sometimes in combination with one another: the multi-purpose regional intergovernmental organisation, the single-purpose metropolitan agency, and the provincial metropolitan policy overlay. Examples of each are discussed, with an emphasis on the interplay of horizontal (intermunicipal) and vertical (provincial–municipal) intergovernmental relations. Ultimately, provincial governments are by virtue of their constitutional authority and spending power the only actors capable of establishing and maintaining durable institutions and policies of metropolitan scope, and they have chosen to do so in Canada’s largest and most urbanised provinces
Navigating the Politics of Remembering
Get PDFRemembering the past is not as straight forward as it might appear. The histories that we choose to retell and privilege speak to contemporary concerns. For Rangitāne, Ngāti Kuia and Ngāti Apa, the indigenous peoples of the northern South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand, history is political. Histories are recounted in the present for a purpose, that is, to maintain the mana (prestige, authority, influence) of the community to whom the histories belong. This article touches on some recent examples of history speaking in the present
The persistence of power: Reflections on the power dynamics in a Merging of Knowledge research project
Get PDFCollaborative research approaches emphasise the need to transform the way the academic community produces science by integrating knowledge from different disciplines, but also by including non-academic knowledge in order to address the challenges of sustainability and social justice. This approach – known in the literature on sustainability science as transdisciplinarity – has been used increasingly in research to resolve sustainability problems, including those related to poverty and socio-economic inequalities. This article seeks to shed light on the power dynamics that exist and emerge in transdisciplinary processes by analysing a case study on food poverty. Following Fritz and Meinherz’s (2020) approach, I use Amy Allen’s (1998) typology of power to track and trace the way that power played out between and within actor groups in a project that applied a transdisciplinary methodology known as the ‘Merging of Knowledge’. Although the Merging of Knowledge model seeks to identify and address power differentials between the participating groups, power relations remain complex, dynamic and – to some extent – inevitable. Collaborative processes would benefit from an analysis of the way that power dynamics emerge, persist and evolve to enhance awareness of different forms of power that coexist in research, and to ensure that imbalances present outside the research process are not reproduced within it
Voskopoja and Ioannina, two advanced centers of the European Enlightenment in the Ottoman West
Get PDFThis paper considers the impact of Enlightenment ideals before and during the Movement of the New Greek National Ideology during the 17th to 19th centuries. It is about Ioannina and Voskopoja, located today respectively in northwestern Greece and in southeastern Albania. In both centers, education was central to the spread of Western Enlightenment values, and attempts to communicate across the languages of the region were the main key. Voskopoja is a typical case of the flourishing of Enlightenment values in the service of economic and cultural development. With its defining basis of Hellenic culture, and its emphasis on secular knowledge, the purpose of education was ‘enlightening’ the hearts and minds of the Balkan peoples, seen as the only way to overthrow the Ottoman Empire. The ideological platform promoted in Ioannina, and on behalf of Greek nationalism, served as the basis for the platform of the Albanian national ideology
A Queer Search for Ancestral Legitimacy: English-Language Gay Lists as Historical Memory Before 1969
Get PDFThe practice among queer people of compiling lists of famous historical figures that modern eyes may comfortably identify as queer and/or trans* persists, and has persisted, as a form of communal transmission of memory for over a century and a half. These collections of names, described in this article as ‘gay lists’ in the spirit of their frequently casual deployment, acted as a key element of queer history and memory well before the Stonewall Uprising rooted itself in the popular consciousness as the beginning of queer history. This article explores English-language primary texts published in the US, the UK, and Italy between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries including personal statements in homophile magazines and Edward Prime-Stevenson’s book The Intersexes. The purpose of examining these texts is to discuss how gay lists were deployed to create a sense of a queer collective, a claim to history, and an imagination of ancestry in the wider consciousness. This article distinguishes lists naming recognizable historical figures from evocations of Greco-Roman mythology or Biblical antiquity. It also summarizes a brief selection of published literature describing the phenomenon so far and makes a case for exploring gay lists as a study in revisionist and popular historical memory
Editorial: Reimagining the global research table
Get PDFA recent update of Gateways’ website text prompted reflections by the Editorial Committee on what the journal has and hasn’t achieved and potential next steps. This Editorial is offered as a speculative musing on the metaphor of the ‘global research table’, which has helped frame our understanding of the contribution an academic journal may make to the field of community-based research. As with any metaphor, there is more than one interpretation, and the discussion highlights both the risks and imaginative potential of working towards institutional change, together
Participation of chiefs in decentralised local governance in Ghana
Get PDFThis article examines the lack of participation of chiefs in Ghana’s decentralised local governance. After analysing data from interviews with 280 respondents, personal observations and relevant literature, the study found that chiefs are core members of neither Ghana’s district assemblies (DAs) nor their subsidiary structures, and have no formal role in local development. Chiefs’ formal exclusion from the current local government system has been attributed to the idea that the chieftaincy institution is at variance with democratic decentralisation. Also, the protracted communal conflicts that have devastated many communities, and the disputes, accusations of fraud and litigation which have characterised land sales and acquisitions in the country, have their roots in chieftaincy rivalries. Nevertheless, given that chieftaincy is entrenched in Ghanaian society, chiefs’ closeness and familiarity with rural people in their area, and their cooperation with DA members to aid the performance of the DAs (albeit with some challenges), the study concludes there is a need to re-examine the current decentralisation policy to enable chiefs’ participation. Options proposed include reserving for chiefs the 30% of DA seats currently nominated by the president; appointing paramount chiefs as ceremonial heads of the DAs with the right of address; or ceding some of the non-representation functions of elected DA members to chiefs in order to support local democracy and development
Determining Interconnectedness of Barriers to Interface Management in Large Construction Projects
Get PDFThis study aims to identify the crucial barriers to interface management and understand the interdependencies in Large Infrastructure Construction Projects (LICP). Three-pronged sequential explanatory mixed methods research is adopted comprising a structured survey of experts (n=102) and semi-structured interviews (n=13). Subsequently, interpretive structural modelling (ISM) integrated with fuzzy protocol is used to analyse pairwise interrelationships among these factors. A ‘Multi-layered IM barrier’ model is developed with ‘Process related issues,’ \u27Misaligned incentives among project stakeholders\u27 and \u27Frequent Change Orders\u27 as the manifested barriers. On the other hand, this study also prioritized the barriers and classified them as driving, linking, and independent. The outcome of this study presents the interdependence of barriers and classification of barriers, focusing on proactive action on driving barriers, which is crucial to the knowledge of interface management. The impact position of LICP with the identified project issues can be compared against ‘Multi-layered IM barriers’ and can help project teams better strategize IM by focusing on essential barriers. In addition, such exercises can improve the coordination among participants in construction projects. Using a structured approach to identifying interdependencies among barriers to IM is a significant original contribution by the study
Awareness of 3D Printing for Sustainable Construction in an Emerging Economy
Get PDF3D printing has been popular in the manufacturing industry as a means of automating processes, speeding up production, and reducing waste. It is frequently seen as a relatively new technology, even though it has been in use for more than three decades. This article aims to analyse 3D printing awareness in an emerging economy towards sustainability in the construction industry. A survey research design was used to obtain primary data from the respondents using structured questionnaires. The sample frame for the research survey comprises professionals in construction and consultancy firms such as architects, quantity surveyors, projects managers, and engineers. Mean item score, standard deviation, and factor analysis were used to analyse the data. The findings from this study show that majority of the professionals acknowledged that they were aware of the existence of 3D printing, but most of them attested that they had not utilized this technology before the survey. The study reveals that the professionals in the construction industry of the emerging economy have low awareness of 3D printing technology, therefore its practices in the construction industry of the study area are significantly low. More awareness of 3D printing technology should be raised by bodies shouldered with management and regulation of the construction industry to increase professionals\u27 awareness and enlighten them on the benefits of adopting the technology towards sustainable construction
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