Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
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Damping off on soybean (Glycine max) caused by Pythium aphanidermatum in Buenos Aires Province (Argentina)
Get PDFPythium aphanidermatum has a cosmopolitan distribution in the warmer parts of the world. The aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of damping off in soybean seedlings on late planting dates under hot conditions, from different locations in Buenos Aires province. The isolates induced different levels of plant and seedling death and growth rate at different incubation temperatures (15, 25 and 35ºC). In accordance with morphological, cultural and molecular characteristics, the pathogen was identified as P. aphanidermatum, and this is the first report of this oomycete causing soybean root and stem rot in Buenos Aires province, Argentina.
Highlights
Pythium aphanidermatum was recovered from commercial fields of different localities from northern Buenos Aires province and southern Entre Rios province.
Temperatures of 35 ºC constitute predisposing conditions and caused the higher percentage of dead seedlings and at temperatures of 15 ºC P. aphanidermatum did not affect the seedlings, being almost not pathogenic at this temperature.Pythium aphanidermatum has a cosmopolitan distribution in the warmer parts of the world. The aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of damping off in soybean seedlings on late planting dates under hot conditions, from different locations in Buenos Aires province. The isolates induced different levels of plant and seedling death and growth rate at different incubation temperatures (15, 25 and 35ºC). In accordance with morphological, cultural and molecular characteristics, the pathogen was identified as P. aphanidermatum, and this is the first report of this oomycete causing soybean root and stem rot in Buenos Aires province, Argentina.
Highlights
Pythium aphanidermatum was recovered from commercial fields of different localities from northern Buenos Aires province and southern Entre Rios province.
Temperatures of 35 ºC constitute predisposing conditions and caused the higher percentage of dead seedlings and at temperatures of 15 ºC P. aphanidermatum did not affect the seedlings, being almost not pathogenic at this temperature
Genetic diversity of squash landraces (Cucurbita maxima) collected in Andean Valleys of Argentina
Get PDFSquash landraces (Cucurbita maxima) are maintained by small farmers as a major nutritional food. Twenty seven of these landraces were collected in Argentinian Andean Valleys and morphologically characterized. Genetic diversity was evaluated with microsatellite markers designed for Cucurbita pepo and Cucumis melo and evaluated for the first time in C. maxima. Seven microsatellite primers detected 26 alleles with 3.10 average alleles per locus. The Genetic Diversity reached an average of 0.26; a Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of 0.20 and 45.5% of polymorphic loci. Higher diversity was found at intra population level. No evidence of lineal correlation between the observed diversity and the geographical distribution of squash landraces was found. Results demonstrate a moderate genetic diversity for all populations, with a wide range of variation in different groups. A subgroup of 10 populations with the highest levels of genetic diversity was considered for maintenance within core collections in the Vegetable Crop Germplasm Bank of Agricultural Research Station (EEA) La Consulta, Mendoza, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA). Anthropogenic and environmental processes, mainly abandonment of cultivated areas and frequent droughts could erode squash landraces diversity. Conservational strategies and new collecting expeditions can be decided based on the genetic diversity found.
Highlights
Argentinean squashe's landraces from different Andean environments were characterized for the first time by molecular markers.
A technique was developed to generate the amplification products, and to detect useful markers for the conservation of C. maxima genetic resources in germplasm banks.
Diversification strategies of food production and seed exchange are deeply rooted in Andean culture, which contributes to the intrapopulation diversity observed.
Catamarca and Jujuy were the Provinces with the greatest genetic diversity for cultivated squashes.
The great morphological diversity observed would be the result of species adaptation to Andean heterogeneous ecological environments, and anthropic selection.Squash landraces (Cucurbita maxima) are maintained by small farmers as a major nutritional food. Twenty seven of these landraces were collected in Argentinian Andean Valleys and morphologically characterized. Genetic diversity was evaluated with microsatellite markers designed for Cucurbita pepo and Cucumis melo and evaluated for the first time in C. maxima. Seven microsatellite primers detected 26 alleles with 3.10 average alleles per locus. The Genetic Diversity reached an average of 0.26; a Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of 0.20 and 45.5% of polymorphic loci. Higher diversity was found at intra population level. No evidence of lineal correlation between the observed diversity and the geographical distribution of squash landraces was found. Results demonstrate a moderate genetic diversity for all populations, with a wide range of variation in different groups. A subgroup of 10 populations with the highest levels of genetic diversity was considered for maintenance within core collections in the Vegetable Crop Germplasm Bank of Agricultural Research Station (EEA) La Consulta, Mendoza, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA). Anthropogenic and environmental processes, mainly abandonment of cultivated areas and frequent droughts could erode squash landraces diversity. Conservational strategies and new collecting expeditions can be decided based on the genetic diversity found.
Highlights
Argentinean squashe's landraces from different Andean environments were characterized for the first time by molecular markers.
A technique was developed to generate the amplification products, and to detect useful markers for the conservation of C. maxima genetic resources in germplasm banks.
Diversification strategies of food production and seed exchange are deeply rooted in Andean culture, which contributes to the intrapopulation diversity observed.
Catamarca and Jujuy were the Provinces with the greatest genetic diversity for cultivated squashes.
The great morphological diversity observed would be the result of species adaptation to Andean heterogeneous ecological environments, and anthropic selection
Genetic parameters and association between agronomic traits in special-grain common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes
Get PDFEstimates of genetic parameters allow to determine the genetic variability present in a population, and constitute one of the initial steps in a breeding program. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and identify agronomic traits directly and indirectly correlated with the grain yield (GY), as well as to estimate their direct and indirect effects on the yield of special-grain common bean genotypes. The experiment was carried out in the harvest 2016/2017, in complete blocks design with three repetitions. The traits evaluated were: days to flowering, days to maturity, first pod height, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of hundred grain, and grain yield. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and genetic parameters were estimated followed by phenotypic and genotypic correlations. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations were split into direct and indirect effects by path analysis. The population under study showed to be promising for breeding considering the most traits. There is a positive direct effect of days to maturity on grain yield. The traits days to maturity and mass of hundred grains can be used in the indirect selection aiming at higher grain yield.
Highlights
There is genetic variability in the population under study, indicating that the population is promising for the selection of agronomic traits.
Based on genetic parameters, correlations and path analysis, the selection for days to maturity can provide genetic gains for yield at early cycles.
Direct selection for days to maturity should be carried out aiming at higher yield.
Indirect selection for days to maturity and mass of hundred grains can be used aiming at yield gains in special-grain common bean.Estimates of genetic parameters allow to determine the genetic variability present in a population, and constitute one of the initial steps in a breeding program. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and identify agronomic traits directly and indirectly correlated with the grain yield (GY), as well as to estimate their direct and indirect effects on the yield of special-grain common bean genotypes. The experiment was carried out in the harvest 2016/2017, in complete blocks design with three repetitions. The traits evaluated were: days to flowering, days to maturity, first pod height, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of hundred grain, and grain yield. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and genetic parameters were estimated followed by phenotypic and genotypic correlations. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations were split into direct and indirect effects by path analysis. The population under study showed to be promising for breeding considering the most traits. There is a positive direct effect of days to maturity on grain yield. The traits days to maturity and mass of hundred grains can be used in the indirect selection aiming at higher grain yield.
Highlights
There is genetic variability in the population under study, indicating that the population is promising for the selection of agronomic traits.
Based on genetic parameters, correlations and path analysis, the selection for days to maturity can provide genetic gains for yield at early cycles.
Direct selection for days to maturity should be carried out aiming at higher yield.
Indirect selection for days to maturity and mass of hundred grains can be used aiming at yield gains in special-grain common bean
First record of the invasive species Centaurea diffusa Lam. (Asteraceae) in high altitude wetlands, Valle de Uspallata, Mendoza
Get PDFCentaurea diffusa is an invasive species whose distribution in Argentina covers the Pampean region. We report for the first time its presence in high altitude ecosystems at the Uspallata Valley in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. We provide a description of the specimens, photographic material and information about their habitat requirements and management status in Argentina and in America.
Highlights
Centaurea diffusa is recognized for being a species with ecological attributes of invasive plants.
C. diffusa is native to Eurasia and their introduction in America has occurred accidentally by the entry into bags of alfalfa.
The presence of C. diffusa in Argentina has been reported only in the Pampas region (Buenos Aires, Córdoba and La Pampa).
We report for the first time its presence in high altitude ecosystems belonging to the Uspallata Valley in the province of Mendoza, Argentina.Centaurea diffusa is an invasive species whose distribution in Argentina covers the Pampean region. We report for the first time its presence in high altitude ecosystems at the Uspallata Valley in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. We provide a description of the specimens, photographic material and information about their habitat requirements and management status in Argentina and in America.
Highlights
Centaurea diffusa is recognized for being a species with ecological attributes of invasive plants.
C. diffusa is native to Eurasia and their introduction in America has occurred accidentally by the entry into bags of alfalfa.
The presence of C. diffusa in Argentina has been reported only in the Pampas region (Buenos Aires, Córdoba and La Pampa).
We report for the first time its presence in high altitude ecosystems belonging to the Uspallata Valley in the province of Mendoza, Argentina
Potential of maize (Zea mays L.) populations derived from commercial single-cross hybrids for extraction of partially inbred lines under different nitrogen availability
Get PDFExtraction of inbred lines is a very important step in maize breeding since these lines will be used to obtain hybrids intended for the market. However, this expensive process, hinders genotype evaluation in contrasting environments, especially regarding nitrogen (N) content. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of maize populations for line extraction and select partially inbred lines under different soil nitrogen (N) availability. Five populations were evaluated regarding their potential for line extraction. Fifty-five S1 partially inbred lines were extracted from these populations. The top-cross method was used to evaluate lines by crossing them with two testers. Hybrids evaluation used 110 top-cross hybrids, five base populations, and six checks. Two trials were carried out in Dourados and Caarapó. One trial had adequate fertilization (high N) while the other was under stress condition (low N). Hybrid DKB 789 showed potential for extraction of partially inbred lines, aiming at selecting N use efficiency. Base population BP (07) was the most suitable for the extraction of partially inbred lines aiming at N use efficiency. Partially inbred lines BP (07) 13, BP (07) 14, and BP (07) 17 are the most suitable for the extraction of top-cross hybrids with high grain yield, efficiency, and responsiveness to N.
Highlights
Extraction of inbred lines is a very important step in maize breeding.
Hybrid DKB 789 showed potential for extraction of partially inbred lines.
BP (07) 13, BP (07) 14, and BP (07) 17 are the most suitable for the extraction of top-cross hybrids.Extraction of inbred lines is a very important step in maize breeding since these lines will be used to obtain hybrids intended for the market. However, this expensive process, hinders genotype evaluation in contrasting environments, especially regarding nitrogen (N) content. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of maize populations for line extraction and select partially inbred lines under different soil nitrogen (N) availability. Five populations were evaluated regarding their potential for line extraction. Fifty-five S1 partially inbred lines were extracted from these populations. The top-cross method was used to evaluate lines by crossing them with two testers. Hybrids evaluation used 110 top-cross hybrids, five base populations, and six checks. Two trials were carried out in Dourados and Caarapó. One trial had adequate fertilization (high N) while the other was under stress condition (low N). Hybrid DKB 789 showed potential for extraction of partially inbred lines, aiming at selecting N use efficiency. Base population BP (07) was the most suitable for the extraction of partially inbred lines aiming at N use efficiency. Partially inbred lines BP (07) 13, BP (07) 14, and BP (07) 17 are the most suitable for the extraction of top-cross hybrids with high grain yield, efficiency, and responsiveness to N.
Highlights
Extraction of inbred lines is a very important step in maize breeding.
Hybrid DKB 789 showed potential for extraction of partially inbred lines.
BP (07) 13, BP (07) 14, and BP (07) 17 are the most suitable for the extraction of top-cross hybrids
Effects of a glycogenic additive on intake, daily gain, and blood metabolites in weaned horses
Get PDFThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate a glycogenic feed additive in terms of performance and response in blood metabolites in weaned horses. Twenty weaned horses of the Unidad de Policía Montada Metropolitana del Ministerio de Seguridad Pública del Gobierno de la Ciudad de México, México, were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: control or an oral dose of the glycogenic additive (10 g/d). The additive was based on propylene glycol and Na/Ca propionate and was supplied for 30 days. Data were tested for normality and initial weight was used as a covariate for analyzing the average daily gain (ADG). The ADG was negatively affected (P < 0.01) by the glycogenic compound (0.468 vs. 0.517 kg), while there were no significant differences (P > 0.10) in blood glucose, globulins, total glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine or urea in horses from either treatment group. It was concluded that the glucogenic additive, based on propylene glycol and Na/Ca propionate, negatively affected the performance of the horses. Therefore, administration of the additive is not recommended in weaned horses.
Highlights
From: Use of glycogenic additive in weaned horses.
In weaned horses they did not show changes in blood metabolites with the use of a glycogenic additive.
Glycogenic additive, did not increase weight change in weaned horses.
The supplementation of a glycogenic additive negatively affected the productive performance (ADG) in weaned horses.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate a glycogenic feed additive in terms of performance and response in blood metabolites in weaned horses. Twenty weaned horses of the Unidad de Policía Montada Metropolitana del Ministerio de Seguridad Pública del Gobierno de la Ciudad de México, México, were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: control or an oral dose of the glycogenic additive (10 g/d). The additive was based on propylene glycol and Na/Ca propionate and was supplied for 30 days. Data were tested for normality and initial weight was used as a covariate for analyzing the average daily gain (ADG). The ADG was negatively affected (P < 0.01) by the glycogenic compound (0.468 vs. 0.517 kg), while there were no significant differences (P > 0.10) in blood glucose, globulins, total glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine or urea in horses from either treatment group. It was concluded that the glucogenic additive, based on propylene glycol and Na/Ca propionate, negatively affected the performance of the horses. Therefore, administration of the additive is not recommended in weaned horses.
Highlights
From: Use of glycogenic additive in weaned horses.
In weaned horses they did not show changes in blood metabolites with the use of a glycogenic additive.
Glycogenic additive, did not increase weight change in weaned horses.
The supplementation of a glycogenic additive negatively affected the productive performance (ADG) in weaned horses
Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) under laboratory conditions
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 10 isolates of entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents against Rhyzopertha dominica. The isolates used were Beauveria bassiana (CEP 545, CEP 560, CEP 567), Metarhizium robertsii (CEP 381, CEP 401), M. anisopliae sensu lato (CEP 615, CEP 616, CEP 617) and Cordyceps (=Isaria) fumosorosea (CEP 303, CEP 309). Insects were sprayed with a conidial suspension of each fungus and incubated for up to 15 days under laboratory conditions. The percentage of mortality and the median survival time (MST) were estimated. Beauveria bassiana caused the highest mortality (47-65%) whereas the other fungal isolates caused a maximum of 21%. The isolates of B. bassiana CEP 545 and CEP 567 showed a MST of 8 and 9 days, respectively. Among all the tested isolates, B. bassiana CEP 545 resulted as the most efficient isolate as a biocontrol agent. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of this isolate was calculated with five concentrations within day 15 after treatment. The mortality increased with the highest concentrations and the LC50 was estimated in 9.54x109 conidia mL-1. This study demonstrated that some B. bassiana isolates, especially CEP 545, could be used as biocontrol agents against R. dominica.
Highlights
The B. bassiana native strains used in this research, especially CEP 545, showed high mortality rates and low LT50.
All the fungal isolates evaluated decreased the survival rate of R. dominica.
The percentage of mortality with B. bassiana CEP 545 increased as the concentration increased.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 10 isolates of entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents against Rhyzopertha dominica. The isolates used were Beauveria bassiana (CEP 545, CEP 560, CEP 567), Metarhizium robertsii (CEP 381, CEP 401), M. anisopliae sensu lato (CEP 615, CEP 616, CEP 617) and Cordyceps (=Isaria) fumosorosea (CEP 303, CEP 309). Insects were sprayed with a conidial suspension of each fungus and incubated for up to 15 days under laboratory conditions. The percentage of mortality and the median survival time (MST) were estimated. Beauveria bassiana caused the highest mortality (47-65%) whereas the other fungal isolates caused a maximum of 21%. The isolates of B. bassiana CEP 545 and CEP 567 showed a MST of 8 and 9 days, respectively. Among all the tested isolates, B. bassiana CEP 545 resulted as the most efficient isolate as a biocontrol agent. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of this isolate was calculated with five concentrations within day 15 after treatment. The mortality increased with the highest concentrations and the LC50 was estimated in 9.54x109 conidia mL-1. This study demonstrated that some B. bassiana isolates, especially CEP 545, could be used as biocontrol agents against R. dominica.
Highlights
The B. bassiana native strains used in this research, especially CEP 545, showed high mortality rates and low LT50.
All the fungal isolates evaluated decreased the survival rate of R. dominica.
The percentage of mortality with B. bassiana CEP 545 increased as the concentration increased
The management of extensive livestock systems and its relationship with greenhouse gas emissions
Get PDFDuring food fermentation, the digestive system of bovines generates methane gas as agricultural waste. Considering this, this study intended to evaluate different relationships between production type and management technologies, with enteric methane and nitrous oxide emissions, from beef cattle systems in the southern region of the San Luis province. To achieve this objective, 30 semi-structured surveys were conducted with regional producers. The producers were generally characterized, and the emissions were estimated through the application of the IPCC Level 2 protocols. Then, considering various techniques for technology management and adoption, these emissions were analyzed and compared. The production systems resulted to be heterogeneous in area, number of cattle, rodeo management, livestock unit, production, and other aspects. The estimated emission values were also variable depending on the form of expression, the management strategy adopted, and the production system applied. From a reductionist perspective of the aspects that characterize the extensive livestock systems evaluated, greenhouse gases emission values (GHG) are relative to the interaction of some predictive variables with the key factors of the production system and management techniques applied. Thus, when considering the emissions per kg sold, cow-calf+backgrounding or backgrounding systems, are environmentally more friendly than those of cow-calf, being the bull category the most sensitive to gas emissions. However, moderate or very good management in the cow-calf systems, tend to reduce them. Since the characteristics of the systems are so diverse, even for the same region, a broader and more integrated view is proposed for the expression of emissions, given by the set of variables that reflect the integral behavior of the system.
Highlights
The GHG emission values are relative to the interaction of some variables related to the typical characteristics of the production systems and to some management techniques applied.
Taking the different levels of raising management into account, significant differences were only found in Emissions/kg sold emissions, observing that those who apply moderate management or very good management, emitted fewer emissions than the ones which do not apply any raising management.
When considering the kg sold emissions, Cow-calf+Backgrounding or Backgrounding systems turn to be environmentally friendlier than those of Cow-calf. In cow-calf and Cow-calf+Backgrounding systems, emitted less animal live weight emissions (Em/LW), given the variability in categories and high weight of most of the animals in these systems.
When considering livestock unit load emissions (LU/ha), Cow-calf systems presented advantages in emissions with respect to those of Backgrounding and Cow-calf+Backgrounding, since they constitute systems with low receptivity for their forage structure.During food fermentation, the digestive system of bovines generates methane gas as agricultural waste. Considering this, this study intended to evaluate different relationships between production type and management technologies, with enteric methane and nitrous oxide emissions, from beef cattle systems in the southern region of the San Luis province. To achieve this objective, 30 semi-structured surveys were conducted with regional producers. The producers were generally characterized, and the emissions were estimated through the application of the IPCC Level 2 protocols. Then, considering various techniques for technology management and adoption, these emissions were analyzed and compared. The production systems resulted to be heterogeneous in area, number of cattle, rodeo management, livestock unit, production, and other aspects. The estimated emission values were also variable depending on the form of expression, the management strategy adopted, and the production system applied. From a reductionist perspective of the aspects that characterize the extensive livestock systems evaluated, greenhouse gases emission values (GHG) are relative to the interaction of some predictive variables with the key factors of the production system and management techniques applied. Thus, when considering the emissions per kg sold, cow-calf+backgrounding or backgrounding systems, are environmentally more friendly than those of cow-calf, being the bull category the most sensitive to gas emissions. However, moderate or very good management in the cow-calf systems, tend to reduce them. Since the characteristics of the systems are so diverse, even for the same region, a broader and more integrated view is proposed for the expression of emissions, given by the set of variables that reflect the integral behavior of the system.
Highlights
The GHG emission values are relative to the interaction of some variables related to the typical characteristics of the production systems and to some management techniques applied.
Taking the different levels of raising management into account, significant differences were only found in Emissions/kg sold emissions, observing that those who apply moderate management or very good management, emitted fewer emissions than the ones which do not apply any raising management.
When considering the kg sold emissions, Cow-calf+Backgrounding or Backgrounding systems turn to be environmentally friendlier than those of Cow-calf. In cow-calf and Cow-calf+Backgrounding systems, emitted less animal live weight emissions (Em/LW), given the variability in categories and high weight of most of the animals in these systems.
When considering livestock unit load emissions (LU/ha), Cow-calf systems presented advantages in emissions with respect to those of Backgrounding and Cow-calf+Backgrounding, since they constitute systems with low receptivity for their forage structure
Leaf growth and biomass accumulation in radish inoculated with rhizosphere microorganisms: Leaf growth and biomass accumulation in radish
No full textSeeds of Raphanus sativus L. var. Champion were inoculated with commercial strains of rhizospheric fungi+bacteria. A completely randomized experiment was designed with four treatments: Chromobacterium violaceum+Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (BiofosfoBuap®, T1), Azospirillum brasilense (AzoFer), Glomus intraradices (MicorrizaFer), and uninoculated control. Each treatment had 20 replicates. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the different treatments on leaf growth, taproot length and dry weight, dry weight of leaves and tubers, and fresh tuber weight. Net assimilation rate (NAR), absolute growth rate (AGR), and relative growth rate (RGR) were calculated. Thirty three days after sowing (das), plants inoculated with C. violaceum+A. calcoaceticus had 52.67% more leaf area than the control, and 42 das they had 72.30% more leaf area. Thirty three das, treatments with C. violaceum+A. calcoaceticus and A. brasilense had 49.66% and 45.52% more dry leaf weight than the control. Fresh weight of tubers for the same two treatments was 65.03% and 63.11% higher than the control 33 das, respectively, and 80.70% and 74.56% higher 42 das. Co-inoculation with C. violaceum+A. calcoaceticus and inoculation with A. brasilense alone promoted growth of radish tubers as a consequence of increased leaf area and biomass as well as an increase in net assimilation rate.
Highlights
The effect of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi on the leaf area of radish plants depends more on the leaves size than on the leaves number produced by the plant.
The better growth observed in plants inoculated with C. violaceum + A. calcoaceticus and A. brasilense might depend on the greater plant hormone synthesis.
The effects of C. violaceum + A. calcoaceticus on plant growth are better than a single microorganism inoculation and such effects depend on the enhanced co-inoculation.
Inoculating plants with C. violaceum + A. calcoaceticus promotes the tuber biomass increase over the taproot growth.
Inoculation with C. violaceum + A. calcoaceticus induces transfer of photosynthates from above ground part of the plant to the tuber in order to produce biomass.
Inoculation with C. violaceum + A. calcoaceticus favored accumulation of biomass in leaves and tubers, resulting in total plant biomass production, although not taproot length.Seeds of Raphanus sativus L. var. Champion were inoculated with commercial strains of rhizospheric fungi+bacteria. A completely randomized experiment was designed with four treatments: Chromobacterium violaceum+Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (BiofosfoBuap®, T1), Azospirillum brasilense (AzoFer), Glomus intraradices (MicorrizaFer), and uninoculated control. Each treatment had 20 replicates. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the different treatments on leaf growth, taproot length and dry weight, dry weight of leaves and tubers, and fresh tuber weight. Net assimilation rate (NAR), absolute growth rate (AGR), and relative growth rate (RGR) were calculated. Thirty three days after sowing (das), plants inoculated with C. violaceum+A. calcoaceticus had 52.67% more leaf area than the control, and 42 das they had 72.30% more leaf area. Thirty three das, treatments with C. violaceum+A. calcoaceticus and A. brasilense had 49.66% and 45.52% more dry leaf weight than the control. Fresh weight of tubers for the same two treatments was 65.03% and 63.11% higher than the control 33 das, respectively, and 80.70% and 74.56% higher 42 das. Co-inoculation with C. violaceum+A. calcoaceticus and inoculation with A. brasilense alone promoted growth of radish tubers as a consequence of increased leaf area and biomass as well as an increase in net assimilation rate.
Highlights
The effect of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi on the leaf area of radish plants depends more on the leaves size than on the leaves number produced by the plant.
The better growth observed in plants inoculated with C. violaceum + A. calcoaceticus and A. brasilense might depend on the greater plant hormone synthesis.
The effects of C. violaceum + A. calcoaceticus on plant growth are better than a single microorganism inoculation and such effects depend on the enhanced co-inoculation.
Inoculating plants with C. violaceum + A. calcoaceticus promotes the tuber biomass increase over the taproot growth.
Inoculation with C. violaceum + A. calcoaceticus induces transfer of photosynthates from above ground part of the plant to the tuber in order to produce biomass.
Inoculation with C. violaceum + A. calcoaceticus favored accumulation of biomass in leaves and tubers, resulting in total plant biomass production, although not taproot length
Development and characterization of nettle-leaves powder (Urtica urens) as a potential supplement for animal feed
Get PDFNettle plants in Chile are an underutilized resource. Its use in animal nutrition is also limited. In addition, information about its composition (specifically fatty acids and aminoacids) is scarce. The objective of this work was to develop and characterize nettle-leaves powder (NP). This powder was characterized by means of proximate chemical analysis. Its concentration of minerals, and composition profiles for fatty acids andaminoacids, was determined. NP showed high dry basis content of proteins (24%) and nitrogen-free extract (32%), whereas crude fiber concentration was low (8.4%). Also, NP showed high concentrations of ash (29%), and mineral, specially for calcium (1.65%) and zinc (20 mg/100g of NP). Additionally, glutamic and aspartic acids, as well as leucine, were the major types of aminoacids found in NP. In conclusion, though nettleplants are an under-utilized resource, the elevated content of protein found in powders prepared from their leaves might become a compelling reason to include them as a protein supplement in animal diets.
Highlights
Potential supplement for animal feed from nettle-leaves (Urtica urens).
Re-use of a weed by a simple process of drying and grinding.
The high content of proteins and minerals such as calcium and zinc.
Amino acid profile with a high content of glutamic and aspartic acids, leucine and proline.
Fatty acid profile with a predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as α linolenic and linoleic acids.Nettle plants in Chile are an underutilized resource. Its use in animal nutrition is also limited. In addition, information about its composition (specifically fatty acids and aminoacids) is scarce. The objective of this work was to develop and characterize nettle-leaves powder (NP). This powder was characterized by means of proximate chemical analysis. Its concentration of minerals, and composition profiles for fatty acids andaminoacids, was determined. NP showed high dry basis content of proteins (24%) and nitrogen-free extract (32%), whereas crude fiber concentration was low (8.4%). Also, NP showed high concentrations of ash (29%), and mineral, specially for calcium (1.65%) and zinc (20 mg/100g of NP). Additionally, glutamic and aspartic acids, as well as leucine, were the major types of aminoacids found in NP. In conclusion, though nettleplants are an under-utilized resource, the elevated content of protein found in powders prepared from their leaves might become a compelling reason to include them as a protein supplement in animal diets.
Highlights
Potential supplement for animal feed from nettle-leaves (Urtica urens).
Re-use of a weed by a simple process of drying and grinding.
The high content of proteins and minerals such as calcium and zinc.
Amino acid profile with a high content of glutamic and aspartic acids, leucine and proline.
Fatty acid profile with a predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as α linolenic and linoleic acids