Namenkundliche Informationen (NI) (E-Journal)
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Surnames of German origin in the East Bohemian town of Pardubice
No full textGerman surnames are not uncommon in the Czech Republic. They bear witness to centuries of common history and mutual influence. The East Bohemian town of Pardubice, though not close to the border with Germany, also features such names. This article presents the results of a study conducted to determine how many surnames in this city can be regarded as being of German origin. Furthermore, reference is made to the peculiarity of the Czech system of names, which inflects surnames according to gender. This also applies to family names taken from German, which are often modified in their spelling. Names that have retained their German spelling include, for example, Müller and Wagner with their female variants Müllerová and Wagnerová. Other surnames such as Dydrych or Šyndlář have adopted the Czech spelling beyond Czech pronunciation and have also changed in their pronunciation. The typology of surnames commonly used in German onomastics is used in this article by assigning examples of names to the individual groups. In order to preserve the anonymity of those bearing the names, frequency information is only given for >10
Wine (product) names in the Pannonian region
No full textNames of goods or products are “used names” par excellence. This article is dedicated to wine commodity names in the Pannonian region, in eastern Austria (in Burgenland and Styria) as well as in western Hungary. In oenology, various types of names are significant. This includes geographical names (place names) – e. g. proper names of wine-growing areas and vineyards – as well as company names of wine-growing enterprises , which may become very well known. In our study we look at names of individual wines: e. g. Optimiszt, Góré. Wine (commodity) names are proper names that are invented anew from time to time, usually in each vintage year, adapted to the current characteristics of the product. Some of them are used productively, year on year, and thus become a “brand name”. In the two neighbouring regions in the Pannonian area, the wine names reflect the meeting of two neighbouring languages and naming conventions. Hungarian names and words appear on Austrian wine labels and vice versa: Esterházy (AT), Puttkammer, Eszterbauer (HU), Puszta libre, Piroska (AT), Schmutzig, Fuxli (HU). The playful variation of primary proper names (family and first names, in some instances place names) is striking, while dialects, the relevant technical vocabulary as well as language games also often contribute to the invention of a name. In the case of wine names, the interplay of language and image (graphic or photo on the label) is particularly effective
Trends in contemporary unofficial anthroponymy and corresponding re search in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
No full textIn the Czech Republic and Slovakia the official naming system consists of a first name and a hereditary surname. The connection between the first name and the surname is, in the sense of the relevant laws, the stabilized official (standardized, basic) designation of every citizen in the Czech and Slovak Republic. However, as in all other languages, there are a number of unofficial anthroponyms in Czech and Slovak in addition.This paper examines a number of characteristic features and trends in the development of unofficial anthroponymy in both countries, especially during the period from the year 1989 to the present day.Particular attention is paid to the status and function of unofficial anthroponyms in communication, in particular with regard to their variability. Two categories of variant names are identified. The first is proprial communication variants, meaning those forms of proper names that are derived from the same base (the same etymon) as the (official) basic form of the name, but which are modified in their sounds, word formation, paradigm, grammatical number or gender. The second is proprial naming variants in which the variability applies to the proprial naming act, in the course of which a new proper name for the anthroponymic object in question arises; thus, the result of this process is polyonymy
The German colonization of the Upper Valais – evidence from place names
No full textThe German colonization of the Upper Valais, part of a bilingual canton (French-German), has been a subject of lively debate over the last two centuries. Previous explanations of this colonization are briefly discussed and dialectological studies of the Upper Valais are presented and analysed. No studies exist, however, on the matter of the place names of the six districts in the Upper Valais. It seems that most of the place names in the valley of the Rhone (such as Leuk, Raron, Visp, Brig, Mörel and Münster) are Gallo-Roman ones while the Alemannic ones are found in areas higher up (e. g. Zeneggen, Bürchen or Unterbäch). The conclusion is clear, then: the German colonisers (if they came from the North of Switzerland) settled in the higher places while the traditional population of the Gallo-Roman places in the valley was Germanized later on
The use of personal names in new toponyms in Upper Austria
No full textThe older basic words -kolonie and -lager are rarely formed with personal names. They are completely absent in the 20th century. The basic word most frequently found and currently most stable is -siedlung. The first part of the name is often the name of a farm or family and rarely a first name of the owners of land converted to building land. Designations according to land buyers are verifiable. Some of them are to be regarded as provisional names. They are used in the phase of basic development and the erection of shell structures. The deliberate use of names that are intended to recall a person is very rare. Here there is a striking difference to street names, where naming in memory of someone is much more common. This may be due to the fact that new development areas often have an amorphous structure as a reference object. They can grow and merge into each other or merge with old centres of settlement. Thus, there is no longer any autonomy. Street names are often introduced in new development areas, making the settlement name redundant as a postal address. Occasionally, names added to -siedlung remain popular beyond administration and cartography. An example of this is the Guttenbrunn-Siedlung. Although this is named after a writer whose work is problematic from a contemporary historical point of view, the name is able to live on in the vernacular (and thus also in the media), apart from official usage. In the 21st century, there is a major trend towards new basic words for place names, such as -hang, -blick and -city. These are not combined with personal names, most likely because it is hoped that such namings will increase the value of property. The most common determinant is Sonne (sun), while the most common newly coined place name in Upper Austria is Sonnenhang
Rezension zu Mirjam Kilchmann, Lautwandel in der Toponymie am Beispiel von Deutschschweizer Siedlungsnamen
No full textMirjam Kilchmann, Lautwandel in der Toponymie am Beispiel von Deutschschweizer Siedlungsnamen. Regensburger Studien zur Namenforschung Bd. 11, Regensburg: edition vulpes 2022, 410 S. – ISBN/EAN: 9783939112341, Preis: CHF 53,00
An old route to Bohemia with an early tax collecting station. Zöblitz as a customs post administered by Slavs in the 12th centur
No full textFrom the 8th/9th century onwards Slavic people crossed the mountains between their settlements in the regions of Plisni and Rochelinzi in the North and Bohemia in the South. The routes taken were documented in the Middle Ages, one of them, for example, being the semita antiqua Boemorum. In this article one old route is described in connection with an early customs post in the (nowadays) small town of Zöblitz in Saxony near the border with Bohemia. By reference to 1323 Zcobelin the following new conclusion is proposed and discussed: By order of a German sovereign a Slavic (Old Sorbian) person called Sobela (their full name may have been Sobesłav) may have been installed as the first customs officer on this old route used mainly by Slavic travellers. Even today there is a group of Old Sorbian names for little short runs around Zöblitz. These names are analysed and can only be given by the first Old Sorbian families with duty-orders in the middle of the 12th century, that is, in the period prior to German settlement
Problematic (and supposedly problematic) interpretations of Slavic place names in East Tyrol: etyma with the suffix -ica
No full textThis article discusses a number of place names of Slavic origin in East Tyrol containing the suffix -ica. Many of the previous etyma for these names have been proposed without any morphological analysis, which gives them the appearance of being ad hoc reconstructions. By summarizing the different functions of the suffix -ica, the author seeks to validate the etymologies in question and to provide alternative explanations where necessary. It turns out that in the Slavic substrate in Eastern Tyrol, the suffix -ica could form diminutives from o-stem nouns. Otherwise, this is an exclusive feature of a-stem nouns
Place names that designate German settlers in medieval Hungary
No full textWe have no written Hungarian sources from the time preceding the conquest of Hungary. Written Latin culture in Hungary emerged with the establishment of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Carpathian Basin in 1000 (with the coronation of St. Stephen) and the conversion of its inhabitants to Christianity. The early Latin (less frequently Greek) written sources created at this time (charters, chronicles, etc.) contain Hungarian words and expressions only sporadically; these were usually proper names designating places. Due to their early appearance and low number, however, they have proven to be truly valuable in historical linguistics studies. Historical studies also rely greatly on the conclusions drawn from these sources when exploring the early history of Hungarians. Such studies attempt to describe the ethnic and population history of the contemporary Carpathian Basin by taking account of the results of historical linguistics concerning the semantic and etymological features of names and their origin. In this respect, the settlement names rooted in ethnonyms play a key role, as they also shed light on relations between Hungarians and other peoples. In this paper, I examine those settlement names that may refer to settlers designated by the ethnonym német in medieval Hungarian
Rezension zu Koloniale und postkoloniale Mikrotoponyme, hg. v. Verena Ebert, Tirza Mühlan-Meyer, Matthias Schulz und Doris Stolberg
No full textKoloniale und postkoloniale Mikrotoponyme: Forschungsperspektiven und interdisziplinäre Bezüge, hg. v. Verena Ebert, Tirza Mühlan-Meyer, Matthias Schulz und Doris Stolberg (= Koloniale und postkoloniale Linguistik, Band 15). Berlin, Boston: de Gruyter 2021, 284 S., 19 farbige Abb. – ISBN: 978-3-11-076879-4, Preis: EUR 102,95 (DE)