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Mathematical modelling of using renewable energy in the power sectors for the sustainable environment
No full textCurrently, human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are one of the main causes of global warming. Burning fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and gas) have become a climate change due to the uptake of heat-trapping gases. A lot of is produced from this, which helps in the creation of greenhouse gases. On the other hand, global electricity demand has been rising for decades, such to rising populations, increasing industrialization, and higher incomes. The power sector is the biggest source of carbon dioxide emissions because of fossil fuel, the main source of energy used for power generation all over the world that’s why climate change as well as increased global warming. Therefore, most countries have set targets for the use of renewable energy (RE) to reduce their electricity and need for energy and carbon emissions. In this study, RE is used to keep the environment sustainable, where the system of ODEs has been formed using different types of parameters to analyze the mathematical structure of four variables associated with RE. Positivity test, stability analysis, and bifurcation analysis are examined to prove the truth for the sustainability of the environment. The model plays a special role in increasing electricity production and reducing greenhouse gases in the environment. This study emphasizes the significance of employing RE in the power sector for environmental sustainability
An Experimental Study on the Usability of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavements or Waste Bricks in the Stone Columns
No full text15th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, ACE 2023 -- 6 September 2023 through 8 September 2023 -- Famagusta -- 312069This study presents experiments to find out if recycled asphalt pavements (RAP) or waste bricks (WB) can be used instead of natural aggregates (NA) in the stone columns that are used to increase bearing capacity and speed up consolidation settlement. The first step in this research was to get RAP, WB, and NA, then figure out a suitable gradation and unit weight for stone columns, and lastly do tests in the lab, such as pycnometer, minimum and maximum dry unit weights, water absorption, California bearing ratio (CBR), aggregate impact value (AIV), and large-scale direct shear tests. In order to perform CBR, AIV, and large-scale direct shear tests, it was necessary to find the unit volume weight in the stone column. Therefore, the model tests were conducted in a steel tank. The tank was filled with cohesive soil, so that soft soil conditions were created. And then, the stone columns with a diameter of 5 cm were built using RAP, WB, and NA in the middle of the soft soil. Thus, the unit weight values of RAP, WB, and NA were determined according to the amount of material used for the stone column. The results show that RAP and WB could be an alternative to NA for the stone column, although their strengths were lower than those of NA according to the shear strength parameters. However, it was thought that these waste aggregates should be used by improving their insufficient properties, such as water absorption and crushing behavior. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024
A novel film based on a cellulose/sodium alginate/gelatin composite activated with an ethanolic fraction of Boswellia sacra oleo gum resin
No full textBoswellia sacra and its derivatives exhibit notable bioactive properties, which have been the subject of extensive scientific research; however, their potential applications in food packaging remain largely untapped. In the current study, cellulose, sodium alginate, and gelatin composite edible films were fabricated with the addition of different concentrations (0.2% and 0.3%) of the ethanolic fraction of Boswellia sacra oleo gum resin (BSOR). The resultant films were examined for their physical, chemical, mechanical, barrier, optical, and antioxidant properties. Moreover, the films were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to study the impact of incorporating BSOR on the morphological, crystalline, and chemical properties of the films. The addition of BSOR increased the film thickness (0.026-0.08 mm), water vapor permeability (0.210-0.619 (g.mm)/(m(2).h.kPa), and the intensity of the yellow color (3.01-7.20) while reducing the values of both tensile strength (6.67-1.03 MPa) and elongation at break (83.50%-48.81%). SEM and FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction between the BSOR and film-forming components. The antioxidant properties of the edible films were significantly increased with the addition of BSOR. The comprehensive findings of the study demonstrated that BSOR possesses the potential to serve as an efficient natural antioxidant agent in the fabrication of edible films.The Research Council of Oman TRC; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, OmanThe authors are thankful to the Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Oman, for providing research facilities to conduct the current study
Ağaç tabanlı makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarıyla hidroelektrik güç tahmini
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıHidroelektrik enerji, en eski ve temel yenilenebilir enerji kaynağıdır. Türkiye'de hızlı ekonomik ve nüfus artışı nedeniyle enerji talebi sürekli artmaktadır ve bu durum hidroelektrik enerjiyi Türkiye'nin enerji kaynakları için kritik hale getirmektedir. Hidroelektrik santral planlaması ve uygulaması, devlet ve enerji işletmeleri için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Hidroelektrik enerji, mevsimsel bağımlılığı nedeniyle tahmin algoritmaları için uygundur. Hidroelektrik enerjinin doğru tahmin edilmesi, karbon emisyonlarının azaltılması, üretim verimliliği ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik sağlar. Bu tez, kapasitesi 100 MW'ın üzerindeki faal bir hidroelektrik güç santralinin güç üretimini tahmin etmek için ağaç tabanlı makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarından faydalanarak model geliştirmeyi, incelemeyi ve uygulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, üretim verileri, tarih-saat kayıtları, geçmiş güç üretimi ve sıcaklık ölçümleri kullanılmıştır. Tez kapsamında, EÜAŞ Aslantaş HES seçilmiştir. Güç üretim verileri, EXIST Şeffaflık Platformu'ndan alınmıştır. Veriler, Python kullanılarak işlenmiş, kodlanmış ve tahmin edilmiştir. Rastgele orman ve gradyan artırımlı karar ağaçları algoritmalarının uyumluluğu ve etkinliği incelenmiştir. En uygun algoritma, kapsamlı testlerle performansa bağlı olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu sistematik yaklaşım, hidroelektrik güç üretim tahmini için en uygun algoritmayı belirleyecektir. Analizler, rastgele orman ve gradyan artırımlı karar ağaçları modellerinin hidroelektrik üretimi tahmin etmede etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak, rastgele orman modeli daha üstün performans sergilemiştir.Hydroelectric power is the oldest and essential renewable energy source. Because energy demand constantly increases due to rapid economic and population growth in Türkiye, hydroelectric energy is crucial to Türkiye's energy resources. Hydroelectric plant planning and execution are pivotal for the state and energy enterprises. Hydroelectric power is proper for forecasting algorithms because of its seasonal dependency. Accurate forecasts of hydroelectric power provide carbon emission reduction, generation yields, and environmental sustainability. This thesis aims to develop, examine, and implement tree-based machine learning algorithms for forecasting power generation in an operational hydroelectric power plant with a capacity over 100 MW using generation data, date-time records, historical power generation, and temperature measurements. EÜAŞ Aslantaş HPP was selected to apply this thesis. The power generation data was fetched from the EXIST Transparency Platform. The data was processed, coded, and predicted using Python. Random forest (RF) and gradient boosted decision trees (GBDT) were examined for their compatibility and effectiveness. The most suitable algorithm was identified based on its performance through rigorous testing; this systematic approach will determine the optimal algorithm for hydroelectric power generation prediction. The analysis demonstrated that RF and GBDT models effectively forecasted hydroelectric power production. However, the Random Forest model showed slightly superior performance
Unveiling the Air Quality Impacts of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal: An Integrative Study of On-Site Measurements and Community Perceptions
No full textThis study examines air quality conditions in and around a classroom located in the Sar & imath;& ccedil;am/Adana region of T & uuml;rkiye, near the campus of Adana Alparslan T & uuml;rke & scedil; Science and Technology University and the Sofulu municipal solid waste (MSW) facility. This academic setting was strategically chosen due to its proximity to the waste facility. The study aims to provide a comprehensive view of the environmental and social impacts of solid waste management through a methodological approach that combines quantitative on-site measurements and qualitative survey studies. Findings from measurements and surveys underline the significant and measurable impacts of MSW facilities on the ambient air quality of university residents. The analysis revealed a marked increase in concentrations of key pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), dust, and methane (CH4). At sampling point N1, H2S levels rose from 0 ppm in July to 13 ppm in November. Methane increased from 0.2% to 2.5% of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) at the same point, although it remained within safety limits. Additionally, CO levels showed a 40% increase, and dust concentration levels rose from 0.21 mg/m3 to 2.36 mg/m3 from summer to winter, indicating a seasonal variation likely influenced by the landfill's operational dynamics, as well as changes in temperature and relative humidity. In particular, the results indicate high concentrations of CO, H2S and dust, which are directly related to air quality degradation. The study also sheds light on the impacts of these waste disposal facilities on the general well-being and health of the university community, particularly on students and staff. In addition to these findings, the study highlights a general lack of awareness in the university community about the impacts of MSW facilities on air quality. This highlights the need for increased education and information dissemination. The results support the development of comprehensive and effective strategies, including technical solutions and public awareness initiatives, to mitigate the impacts of these facilities on residential areas. In conclusion, the impacts of MSW facilities on air quality should be seen as a multidimensional issue that requires a holistic approach addressing environmental, health, social, and educational dimensions.Adana Alparslan Tuerkes Science and Technology University Scientific Research Projects (BAP Project) [2212001]This work was supported by the Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University Scientific Research Projects (BAP Project No. 2212001)
A review of control strategies used for morphing aircraft applications
No full textThis paper reviews the various control algorithms and strategies used for fixed -wing morphing aircraft applications. It is evident from the literature that the development of control algorithms for morphing aircraft technologies focused on three main areas. The first area is related to precise control of the shape of morphing concepts for various flight conditions. The second area is mainly related to the flight dynamics, stability, and control aspects of morphing aircraft. The third area deals mainly with aeroelastic control using morphing concepts either for load alleviation purposes and/or to control the instability boundaries. The design of controllers for morphing aircraft/wings is very challenging due to the large changes that can occur in the structural, aerodynamic, and inertial characteristics. In addition, the type of actuation system and actuation rate/ speed can have a significant effect on the design of such controllers. The aerospace community is in strong need of such a critical review especially as morphing aircraft technologies move from fundamental research at a low Technology Readiness Level (TRL) to real -life applications. This critical review aims to identify research gaps and propose future directions. In this paper, research activities/papers are categorized according to the control strategy used. This ranges from simple Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers at one end to complex robust adaptive controllers and deep learning algorithms at the other end. This includes analytical, computational, and experimental studies. In addition, the various dynamic models used and their fidelities are highlighted and discussed. (c) 2023 Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics. This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Abu Dhabi Education Council Award for Research Excellence Program (AARE 2019) [AARE19-213]; Khalifa University of Science and Technology [FSU-2020-20]The work presented herein was funded by Abu Dhabi Education Council Award for Research Excellence Program (AARE 2019) _ (No. AARE19-213) and by Khalifa University of Science and Technology through Faculty Start-up Award (No. FSU-2020-20)
Impact of conjugation of whey protein concentrate with different carbohydrates: Monitoring structural and technofunctional variations
No full textThis study utilized whey protein concentrate (WPC) as the primary protein source, employing the Maillard reaction to link it with three distinct carbohydrates: lactose, maltodextrin, and gum Arabic. Mixtures were prepared with a 1:4 protein-to-carbohydrate ratio, and conjugation was performed using dry heating at a temperature of 60 degrees C, 50% relative humidity for 8 h processing time. Under the same conditions, native WPC was heated as a control group. The formation of conjugates was tracked by monitoring absorbance changes, browning index (BI), and reduction in free amino groups (FAG). All conjugates exhibited significant loss of FAG, correlating with an increase in BI. Shifts in protein fingerprint bands observed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy suggested potential protein-carbohydrate interactions, while X-ray diffraction showed increased sample crystallinity post-conjugation. Solubility assessments across pH levels (3.0-8.0) indicated a 10-13% rise in solubility for conjugated samples compared to mixtures, broadening their potential applications. Moreover, the emulsion stability index demonstrated improved stability after conjugation. Overall, the Maillard reaction-mediated conjugation enhanced the solubility and stability of emulsions.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [120O763]This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with project no:120O763
INCREASING ROBUSTNESS OF I-VECTORS VIA MASKING: A CASE STUDY IN SYNTHETIC SPEECH DETECTION
No full textEnsuring security in speaker recognition systems is crucial. In the past years, it has been demonstrated that spoofing attacks can fool these systems. In order to deal with this issue, spoof speech detection systems have been developed. While these systems have served with a good performance, their effectiveness tends to degrade under noise. Traditional speech enhancement methods are not efficient for improving performance, they even make it worse. In this research paper, performance of the noise mask obtained via a convolutional neural network structure for reducing the noise effects was investigated. The mask is used to suppress noisy regions of spectrograms in order to extract robust i-vectors. The proposed system is tested on the ASVspoof 2015 database with three different noise types and accomplished superior performance compared to the traditional systems. However, there is a loss of performance in noise types that are not encountered during training phase
Fossil fuel and resource use impacts of raw material substitution and recycling in tourism sector in Türkiye: evidence from circular economy adjusted input-output matrix
No full textTourism, after the pandemic, has once again become a rapidly growing economic sector both in the world and Türkiye. Even though the sector contributes positively to the economy, it also puts pressure on the environment due to its’ current existing ‘linear’ production and consumption behaviour. This paper searches the possible circular economy solutions to environmental degradation due to growth of tourism while simultaneously sustaining its growth. Specifically, scenario analyses are carried out to allow substitution of recycled materials with primary and secondary materials and to increase recycling from tourism sector by employing the circular economy adjusted input-output matrix of Türkiye. Findings suggest that main circularity instruments to be used by the tourism sector could be the use of more recycled inputs, of any type, resulting in a significant amount of decline in fossil fuel and other resources use. In practice, the best examples of recycled inputs and end-uses are all types of furniture and furnishings in the accommodation sub-sector and the provision and use of cleaning and hygiene products and packaging materials in the restaurant and food services sub-sector. The tourism sector’s input supply for recycling however is less influential, since the tourism sector is manifested as a final service. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Preparation and characterization of gelatin-pectin-based active films incorporated with Styrax benzoin oleo gum resin
No full textIn this study, benzoin oleogum resin (BOGR) loaded antioxidant gelatin/pectin (GEPE) based films were developed and characterized for various parameters including mechanical, barrier, optical, film hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, surface roughness, chemical, thermal, morphological and antioxidant properties. The incorporation of BOGR decreased water solubility, moisture content, tensile strength, and elongation at break. However, water permeability, opacity, thickness, and water hydrophobicity were increased. Moreover, SEM and AFM analysis confirmed that the films loaded with BOGR showed heterogeneous and rougher surfaces in comparison to blank film. The intermolecular interactions between GEPE and BOGR was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the prepared BOGR loaded films was improved. Additionally, antioxidant activities of the film were significantly increased with increase in concentration of BOGR as indicated by ABTS and DPPH assays. Our findings indicate that BOGR loaded composite films could be used as an active material for food packaging applications.Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia [RG24-L05]The Authors are thankful to the Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Oman, for providing research facilities to conduct the current study. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, for this research through the Research Funding Program (Project Number: RG24-L05)