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The chromosome-level assembly of the wild diploid alfalfa genome provides insights into the full landscape of genomic variations between cultivated and wild alfalfa
No full textAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage legumes in the world, including autotetraploid (M. sativa ssp. sativa) and diploid alfalfa (M. sativa ssp. caerulea, progenitor of autotetraploid alfalfa). Here, we reported a high-quality genome of ZW0012 (diploid alfalfa, 769 Mb, contig N50 = 5.5 Mb), which was grouped into the Northern group in population structure analysis, suggesting that our genome assembly filled a major gap among the members of M. sativa complex. During polyploidization, large phenotypic differences occurred between diploids and tetraploids, and the genetic information underlying its massive phenotypic variations remains largely unexplored. Extensive structural variations (SVs) were identified between ZW0012 and XinJiangDaYe (an autotetraploid alfalfa with released genome). We identified 71 ZW0012-specific PAV genes and 1296 XinJiangDaYe-specific PAV genes, mainly involved in defence response, cell growth, and photosynthesis. We have verified the positive roles of MsNCR1 (a XinJiangDaYe-specific PAV gene) in nodulation using an Agrobacterium rhizobia-mediated transgenic method. We also demonstrated that MsSKIP23_1 and MsFBL23_1 (two XinJiangDaYe-specific PAV genes) regulated leaf size by transient overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing analysis. Our study provides a high-quality reference genome of an important diploid alfalfa germplasm and a valuable resource of variation landscape between diploid and autotetraploid, which will facilitate the functional gene discovery and molecular-based breeding for the cultivars in the future.Chinese Universities Scientific Fund; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31761143013]; Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation [6212015, 2005DKA21003]; [2022RC025]This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31761143013), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (6212015), National Center for Forestry Grassland Genetic Resources (2005DKA21003), and Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (2022RC025). We thank Wen Wang and Haitao Chen for providing the sequenced plantlet and the sequencing data of XinJiangDaYe
Yıldırımdan etkilenen uçaklar için yüksek gerilim jeneratör testleri
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıIn recent years, the increasing number of aircraft in our country has created different areas of work. The complexity of the generators used for the tests of aircraft before they take to the sky has increased the interest in these generators. However, when using these generators, different problems may arise depending on the tests performed. High voltage tests are performed to predict the behavior of aircraft in a lightning environment. Simulating complex situations that may occur in the sky in advance is important for issues such as flight safety, pilot health and structural costs. However, while performing these tests, neglected situations at low voltages cause problems in high voltage applications. These problems may not be visible during testing, but it becomes clear that there is a problem at the time of measurement. The behavior of aircraft in a lightning environment and the environment for their tests have been described many times in the literature. The behavior of aircraft in the lightning environment and the methods required to test these behaviors have been discussed in detail in various studies in the literature. In this context, experts and researchers in the aviation industry have obtained important findings about how aircraft react to lightning strikes. However, in addition to the existing knowledge in this area, there are also specific details that need to be taken into account during testing. The main purpose of this thesis is to examine these details that may affect measurements during tests carried out in a lightning environment. In this context, factors that should not be ignored in terms of reliability and accuracy of tests will be presented, an analysis that will help professionals in the aviation industry make informed decisions on this issue. This thesis aims to provide important guidance in the design and implementation stages of tests in the process of evaluating the performance of aircraft in a lightning environment. In this study, using the comparison method, the effects of the mentioned details on the system are demonstrated by simulating the circuits established in real life in a simulation environment. It was aimed to define the problems by comparing the zero effect of the mentioned details on the system and their expected effect. In addition, comparisons were made with real-life experiments and possible problems were identified. After the problem definition, solution suggestions experienced in the industrial environment are presented. All these processes can be a source for lightning environment tests of aircraft. Keyword: Aircraft, Lightning Environment, High Voltage Generator, High Current GeneratorSon yıllarda ülkemizde artan hava araçları farklı çalışma alanları ortaya çıkarmıştır. Hava araçlarının gökyüzüne çıkmadan önce yapılacak testleri için kullanılan jeneratörlerin karmaşıklığı bu jeneratörlere olan ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Ancak bu jeneratörler kullanılırken yapılan testlere göre farklı problemler çıkabilir. Yüksek gerilim testleri, hava araçlarının yıldırım ortamındaki davranışlarını öngörmek için yapılır. Gökyüzünde oluşabilecek karmaşık durumları önceden simüle etmek uçuş güvenliği, pilot sağlığı ve yapısal maliyet gibi konular için önemlidir. Ancak bu testler yapılırken, düşük voltajlarda ihmal edilen durumlar, yüksek gerilim uygulamalarında problem çıkarır. Bu sorunlar test esnasında görünmeyebilir ancak ölçüm anında bir problem olduğu görülür. Literatürde hava araçlarının yıldırım ortamındaki davranışları ve yapılacak testlerinin ortamı birçok defa tanımlanmıştır. Hava araçlarının yıldırım ortamındaki davranışları ve bu davranışları test etmek için gerekli yöntemler literatürde çeşitli çalışmalarda detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda, havacılık endüstrisindeki uzmanlar ve araştırmacılar, hava araçlarının yıldırım çarpmalarına karşı nasıl tepki verdiği konusunda önemli bulgular elde etmişlerdir. Ancak, bu alandaki mevcut bilgilerin yanı sıra, test esnasında dikkate alınması gereken spesifik detaylar da vardır. Bu tezin temel amacı, yıldırım ortamında gerçekleştirilen testler sırasında ölçümleri etkileyebilecek bu detayları incelemektir. Bu bağlamda, testlerin güvenilirliği ve doğruluğu açısından göz ardı edilmemesi gereken faktörler, havacılık endüstrisindeki profesyonellerin bu konuda bilinçli kararlar almasına yardımcı olacak bir analiz sunulacaktır. Bu tez, hava araçlarının yıldırım ortamındaki performansının değerlendirilmesi sürecinde, testlerin tasarımı ve uygulanması aşamalarında önemli bir rehberlik sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada karşılaştırma yöntemi kullanılarak, bahsedilen detayların sisteme etkileri gerçek hayatta kurulan devrelerin simülasyon ortamında simüle edilmesiyle gösterilmiştir. Bahsedilen detayların sisteme sıfır etkisi ve olması beklenen etkisi karşılaştırılarak problemlerin tanımı yapılmak istenmiştir. Ayrıca gerçek hayatta yapılan deneyler ile de karşılaştırmalar yapılmış ve oluşabilecek problemler belirlenmiştir. Problem tanımından sonra endüstriyel ortamda tecrübe edilen çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Tüm bu yapılan işlemler, hava araçlarının yıldırım ortamı testleri için kaynak özelliği taşıyabilir. Anahtar Kelime: Hava Aracı, Yıldırım Ortamı, Yüksek Gerilim Jeneratörü, Yüksek Akım Jeneratör
Optimization of hydrogen production via electrocatalysis using NiCoMo-modified electrodes: An RSM approach
No full textThe depletion of fossil fuels and the environmental impact of their combustion have increased the demand for sustainable energy alternatives, with hydrogen appearing as an appropriate option due to its clean energy potential. This study focuses on developing a laboratory-scale alkaline electrolysis system for hydrogen production. Platinum, known for its high catalytic activity and durability, was employed as the anode, while graphite was selected as the cathode for its cost-effectiveness. To enhance catalytic performance, the graphite electrodes were modified with nickel-cobalt-molybdenum (NiCoMo) using a galvanostatic method. The electrode voltage and molarity were chosen as independent variables to evaluate their effect on hydrogen production. Using the Design-Expert software, the optimal conditions were identified at 3 V and 1.5 mol/l, yielding 10.67 ml of hydrogen. The coefficient of determination (R2) values 98.81% for R2, 97.96% for adjusted R2, and 91.63% for predicted R2 indicate suitable model accuracy. The error margin between experimental and optimized results was only 1.7%, confirming the reliability of the method. This study highlights the potential of NiCoMo-modified electrodes to enhance hydrogen production efficiency. Future research could explore scaling up the system and integrating it with renewable energy sources, positioning this method as a viable pathway toward sustainable hydrogen production.Adana Alparslan Turkescedil; Science and Technology University Research Fund [22303011]Authors are thankful for financial support to Adana Alparslan Turke & scedil; Science and Technology University Research Fund (Project Number: 22303011)
INVESTIGATION OF BROADER BANDWIDTH ELLIPTICAL DIPOLE ANTENNA PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS FOR 5G, KU AND KA-BAND APPLICATIONS: DIELECTRIC CONSTANT EFFECTS
No full textThis study presents an examination of the design and evaluation process of an elliptical dipole antenna operating at the design frequency of 5 GHz. Initially based on conventional dipole antenna principles, the antenna's design is iteratively refined through bandwidth enhancement techniques, resulting in the emergence of ultra-wideband characteristics. Notably, the modified antenna design features a distinctive notch band spanning from 4.21 to 10.06 GHz, positioning it as a versatile solution suitable for applications across the mid-band of 5G, as well as the full Ku and partial Ka bands, encompassing frequencies from 27 GHz to 31 GHz. Furthermore, this study investigates the impact of varying dielectric constants on antenna parameters, shedding light on a critical aspect often overlooked in conventional dipole antenna calculations. Through systematic analysis, it is revealed that a dielectric constant of 4.3, aligned with the commonly used low-cost epoxy-based FR-4 material, yields optimal performance. While higher dielectric constants broaden the antenna's characteristics, lower values are found to enhance communication efficiency, thus offering potential benefits in terms of power consumption and cost savings. The detailed examination and findings presented in this study enrich the understanding of antenna design principles and provide valuable guidance for future research and practical applications in the field of wireless communication and antenna engineering
Exploring the determinants of housing price bubbles in the Turkish economy: a COVID-related framework
No full textPurposeThis study aims to explore a novel framework for housing price bubbles in the Turkish economy during the pandemic. It examines the probability of housing bubble formation relative to the pre-pandemic period and identifies possible determinants of housing bubbles in the Turkish economy.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a two-stage novel estimation method is applied. In the first stage, bubble periods are identified through the right-tailed supremum augmented Dickey-Fuller test. In the second stage, the determinants of these bubbles are identified, and the housing bubble determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic are compared to the pre-pandemic period.FindingsThe findings indicate that there is an asset price bubble in the housing market during the pandemic period. Furthermore, mortgage credit expansion, mortgage credit rates and the depreciation of the Turkish Lira against the USD could increase housing bubble formation. However, housing sector sales to foreign investors do not contribute to housing bubble formation during the pandemic in the Turkish housing market.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first study to address the relative determinants of housing bubbles in an emerging market context during the pandemic
Targeted analysis for the detection of phenolics and authentication of Albanian wines using LC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS combined with chemometric tools
No full textIn recent years, Albania has seen a significant increase in wine production, which can be attributed to the growing interest in the diversity of native grape varieties. Among the most popular grape varieties are Kallmet, Shesh i zi (ShiZ), Shesh i bardhe (ShiB), and Cerruje, which are known for their distinctive wines as well as the planted area. A study was conducted to investigate the influence of the territory and vintage on phenolic compounds of single-variety wines from these grape varieties. Liquid chromatography identified and quantified thirty-one phenolic compounds, sub-grouped into flavonoids and non-flavonoids, with diode-array detection coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI/MSn). Within the red wines group, the ShiZ variety wine presented the highest phenolic content (1037 mg/L), followed by Kallmet cv. (539 mg/L); conversely, in the white wine group, the ShiB wines (699 mg/L) were distinguished from the Cerruje variety. Gallic acid was the main phenolic compound, followed by procyanidin B3. ShiB and ShiZ had the highest levels, at 215 and 136 mg/L, respectively. Among flavanols, (+)-catechin was found in the highest levels, with the maximum in Kallmet cv. red wine (58.9 mg/L), followed by (-)-epicatechin (29.1 mg/L). The ShiB wine had the highest content of flavonols, with quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and quercetin-3-O-glucoside as the main contributors. The highest quantity of stilbenoids belonged to Kallmet red wine (1.59 mg/L). Applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in red and white wine groups made a good separation possible according to variety and region. However, a separation according to vintage year was not successful
Sustainable Textile Manufacturing with Revolutionizing Textile Dyeing: Deep Learning-Based, for Energy Efficiency and Environmental-Impact Reduction, Pioneering Green Practices for a Sustainable Future
No full textThe textile industry, a substantial component of the global economy, holds significant importance due to its environmental impacts. Particularly, the use of water and chemicals during dyeing processes raises concerns in the context of climate change and environmental sustainability. Hence, it is crucial from both environmental and economic standpoints for textile factories to adopt green industry standards, particularly in their dyeing operations. Adapting to the green industry aims to reduce water and energy consumption in textile dyeing processes, minimize waste, and decrease the carbon footprint. This approach has become crucial in achieving sustainability in textiles following the signing of the Paris Climate Agreement. Important elements of this transformation include the reuse of washing waters used in the dyeing process, the recycling of wastewater, and the enhancement of energy efficiency through necessary methodological and equipment changes. This study analyzes the energy, labor, production, and consumption data since 2011 for a textile factories with four branches located in the Adana Organized Industrial Zone. Among these factories, the one designated as UT1, which has the highest average energy and water consumption compared to the other three branches, is selected. In recent years, the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies in predicting industrial processes has been increasingly observed. The data are analyzed using LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) and ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) forecasting methods. Particularly, the LSTM algorithms, which provided the most accurate results, have enabled advanced forecasting of electricity consumption in dyeing processes for future years. In 2020, electricity consumption was recorded as 3,717,224 kWh and this consumption was reflected in the total energy cost as TRY 1,916,032. Electricity consumption accounts for 22.34% of total energy consumption, while the share of this energy type in the cost is 43.25%. In the light of these data, the MAPE value for energy consumption forecasts using the LSTM model was 0.45%, which shows that the model is able to forecast with high accuracy. As a result, a solar power plant was installed to optimize energy consumption, and in 2023 60% energy savings were achieved in summer and 25% in winter. The electricity consumption forecasting results have been an essential guide in planning strategic initiatives to enhance factory efficiency. Following improvement efforts aimed at reducing energy consumption and lowering the carbon footprint, significant optimizations in processes and layouts have been made at specific bottleneck points within the facility. These improvements have led to savings in labor, time, and space, and have reduced unit production costs.Ulusoy Textile Industry and Commerce Incorporated Company Research and Developing Center [2021/003]; Ulusoy Textile Industry and Commerce Incorporated Company Research and Developing Center ProjectThis research was supported by the Ulusoy Textile Industry and Commerce Incorporated Company Research and Developing Center Project Number: 2021/003
Exposure to Psychological Intimate Partner Violence: Resilience to Depression is Related to Social Support and Learned Resourcefulness
No full textPsychological violence is the most common form of intimate partner violence (IPV). Psychological IPV places women at significant risk for depressive symptoms. Accordingly, this study examined the moderator role of perceived social support and learned resourcefulness (LR) as personal resources in the relationship between psychological IPV and depression. This cross-sectional study was performed via an online survey platform. A total of 168 Turkish women, with a mean age of 33.8, completed a set of measurement tools. Data were assessed using linear regression and two-way and three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression analyses. The results of the study showed that as expected psychological IPV was directly associated with depression (beta = .268, p < .001). To explore the moderator roles, two separate two-way interactions were conducted, and results demonstrated that neither social support nor LR separately moderated the relationship between psychological IPV and depression. However, there was a significant three-way interaction: togetherness of perceived social support with LR moderated the relationship between psychological IPV and depression (beta = -.388, p < .05). More specifically, if women exposed to psychological IPV have high perceived social support and high LR, they are less likely to report depressive symptoms. This finding highlights the positive effect of the combination of personal resources on depression linked to psychological IPV's detrimental effects. The findings were discussed in the light of the relevant literature. Interventions focusing on strengthening social support and fostering LR skills may promote the psychological well-being of women exposed to psychological IPV
Examining effects of air pollution on photovoltaic systems via interpretable random forest model
No full textRenewable energy plays a vital role in power generation and solar photovoltaic systems due to resource availability throughout the year. This work aims to investigate the impact of air pollutants and meteorological parameters on the performance of the photovoltaic systems locally, taking into consideration the advantages of the photovoltaic power potential of the SW part of Romania, where Craiova is located (average solar radiation intensity >1350 kWh/m(2)/year). This study is based on a one-year dataset provided by a sensor that monitors particulate matter concentrations, volatile organic compounds, dioxide of carbon, ozone, noise, formaldehyde and three climate parameters (temperature, pressure, and relative humidity). The research methodology applies an innovative interpretable random forest model emphasising the implications of air pollution for photovoltaic systems. The proposed machine learning model was trained to predict the particulate matter level in air based on the basic environmental variable measurements. The study presents six random forest models of varying complexity, which reach the accuracy of classification for the selected problem up to 99 %, and applies the Shapley Additive Explanations technique to interpret the decision-making model. The observation regarding the highest concentration of particulate matter occurring during cold months, which typically do not align with peak solar irradiance, underscores the importance of considering various environmental factors in solar energy planning. With its practical implications, this insight offers decision-makers valuable information about the feasibility of optimising solar energy generation despite seasonal variations in air pollution levels, directly addressing their needs and concerns
Materials and methods used in microencapsulation of probiotic microorganisms
No full textObjective: Probiotic microorganisms which constitute an important part of functional foods are living creatures that have been proven to benefit human health. However, most of the time they lose their vitality entirely or partly before reaching the human gastrointestinal system due to the various degenerative processes that they are exposed to during food production stages. Those who have been able to maintain their vitality are exposed to destructive bioprocesses in the digestive system. Conclusion: It is possible to provide the probiotic microorganisms to reach the target point by maintaining their vitality at an optimum level utilizing the microencapsulation method which we could consider as a technological packaging process. In this study, information is given about microencapsulation methods applied to probiotic microorganisms and the coating materials used