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Tatlı Sorgum Posası ile Yapılan Silajların Önemli Fermantasyon Özellikleri
No full textHayvancılığımızın önemli düzeyde kaliteli kaba yeme ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Hayvancılığın ihtiyacı olan kaliteli kaba yem temin etme arayışları devam etmektedir. Çalışma, tatlı sorgum posası ile yapılan silajların fermantasyon özellikleri ve silaj olarak kullanılabilme potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, 21 farklı tatlı sorgum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) çeşit ve hattı materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Tarla denemeleri, ikinci ürün koşullarında Doğankent/Adana’da 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada etanol elde etmek için bitkilerin hasadı, salkımdaki tanelerin süt ile hamur olum dönemi arasındaki tarihlerde yapılmıştır. Özsuyu alınan saplar (posa) silaj yapılarak bazı önemli silaj özellikleri incelenmiştir. İki yıllık ortalamalara göre kuru madde (KM) oranı % 27.33 ile 37.86, ham kül oranın KM bazında 37.0-65.6 g kg-1 ve pH değerinin 3.019-3.341 arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca organik asitlerden laktik asit, asetik asit, propiyonik asit ve bütirik asit içeriklerinin sırasıyla 21.80-46.44, 4.753-11.565, 0.00-2.596 ve 0.155- 1.513 g kg-1 KM aralığında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre tatlı sorgum bitkisinin özsuyu alınan saplarından elde edilen silajların fermantasyon özellikleri bakımından kaba yem olarak değerlendirilebilecek potansiyele sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Akdeniz bölgesinde ikinci ürün olarak yetiştirilen tatlı sorgum posasının silaj olarak değerlendirmesi alternatif kaba yem kaynağı olabilecektir
Determining the factor levels for a green supply chain using response surface methodology based discrete event simulation
No full textPurpose This study aims to optimize the levels of factors for a green supply chain (GSC) while concurrently gaining valuable insights into the dynamic interrelationships among several factors, leading to reductions in CO2 emissions and the maximization of the average service level, thereby enhancing overall supply chain performance. Design/methodology/approach Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed as a technique for multiple response optimization. This study uses a supply chain simulation model that includes decision variables related to the level of inventory control parameters and vehicle capacity. The desirability approach is adopted to achieve optimization objectives by focusing on minimizing CO2 emissions and maximizing service levels while simultaneously determining the optimum levels of considered decision variables. Findings The high R-2 values of 97.38% for CO(2 )and 97.28% for service level, along with adjusted R-2 values reasonably close to predicted values, affirm the models' capability to predict responses accurately. Key significant model terms for CO2 encompassed reorder point, order up to quantity, vehicle capacity, and their interaction effects, while service level is notably influenced by reorder point, order up to quantity, and their interaction effects. The study successfully achieved a high level of desirability value of %99.1 and the validated performance levels confirmed that the results fall within the prediction interval. Originality/value This study introduces a metamodel framework designed to optimize various design parameters for a GSC combining discrete event simulation (DES) and RSM in the form of a simulation optimization model. In contrast to the literature, the current study offers an exhaustive and in-depth analysis of the structural elements of the supply chain, particularly the inventory control parameters and vehicle capacity, which are crucial for comprehending its performance and environmental impact
Inhibitory spillover: Implicitly induced urinary urgency facilitates inhibition of unwanted thoughts
No full text[Abstract Not Available
Effect of hydrogen addition in a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and canola biodiesel fuel: Energetic-exergetic, sustainability analyses
No full textIn this study, the influence of diesel and biodiesel fuels with various flow rate of hydrogen (3 L per minute and 6 L per minute) addition through the intake manifold of a diesel engine was investigated at three different engine speed (1500 rpm, 1800 rpm, and 2100 rpm) by considering second law of thermodynamic as a different perspective. Energy, exergy, and sustainability analysis were evaluated by utilizing the data from the experi-ments. According to the results, it is enlightened that useful work energy ascends with the hydrogen addition in all engine speeds and the net work rates of all test fuels were found as highest at 1800 rpm engine speed while the rate of energy heat loss decreased with hydrogen addition. Furthermore, exergy input is also increased with the hydrogen addition to the engine whereas exergy destruction and exergy heat lost decreased with the increment of the hydrogen. The highest values of energy efficiency and exergy efficiency obtained at 1800 rpm engine speed by using diesel fuel with 6 L per minute hydrogen addition as 38.67 % and 35.09 %, respectively. The highest entropy generation occurred at 2100 rpm as 0.288 kW/K for the biodiesel fuel and the lowest value was observed as 0.201 kW/K for DH6 fuel at 1800 rpm. The analyses showed that the sustainability index values determined to be in the range of 1.437-1.541 and the increase in hydrogen ratio enhanced the sustainability index at all engine speeds and the DH6 and BH6 fuels are more sustainable fuels than the other experimental fuels
Extra Virgin Olive Oil?s Main Components? Antioxidant Activity and in Silico Effect on AKT1
No full textThe study compared the chemical composition of various olive oils from the northern Algerian province of Bejaia. The research focused on the antioxidant activities of the oil's main constituents and their ability to inhibit the AKT1 protein, which is implicated in the development of colorectal cancer. The findings revealed that all of the examined oils fell within the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) category and exhibited a high oleic acid content, particularly for samples from wild olives. These oils include high amount of ligstroside and oleocanthal, two important phenolic compounds. Wild olive oils stand out from cultivated ones due to their higher bitterness index. In addition, these oils have the highest concentrations of alpha-tocopherols and the best oxidative stability. Olive oil extracts demonstrated their antioxidant properties by neutralizing DPPH and ABTS radicals and converting ferric ions (Fe3+) to ferrous ions (Fe2+) for FRAP assay. Molecular docking was applied to assess the interaction between the main compounds identified in the analyzed olive oils and the human AKT1 protein, which is involved in the genesis of colorectal cancer. The findings revealed that lutein, oleuropein aglycone, and ligstroside aglycone had the highest binding affinity for the AKT1 protein. The present study could provide the theoretical foundation for further research on the interaction between AKT1 protein and EVOO compounds
Enhancing Tensile Strength, Thermal Stability, and Antioxidant Characteristics of Transparent Kappa Carrageenan Films Using Grapefruit Essential Oil for Food Packaging Applications
No full textThe trends in food packaging technologies are shifting toward utilizing natural and environmentally friendly materials prepared from biopolymers such as kappa carrageenan to replace synthetic polymers. In the current study, varying amounts (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) of grapefruit essential oil (GFO) were incorporated in kappa carrageenan-based edible films to improve their physicochemical properties. The developed film samples were characterized for their barrier, mechanical, morphological, optical, thermal, antioxidant, and biodegradable properties. The results obtained showed that the tensile strength of the carrageenan films enhanced significantly from 65.20 +/- 4.71 to 98.21 +/- 6.35 MPa with the incorporation of GFO in a concentration-dependent manner. FTIR and SEM analysis confirmed the intermolecular bonding between carrageenan and GFO, resulting in the formation of compact films. Incorporating GFO significantly enhanced the thermal resistance of oil-loaded films, as confirmed by TGA, DSC, and DTG analysis. The addition of GFO led to a substantial increase in the radical scavenging activity of the films, as evidenced by the DPPH and ABTS assays. Furthermore, the developed films were biodegradable in soil and seawater environments, indicating their potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional plastics. Findings demonstrated that GFO can be used as a natural antioxidant agent in kappa carrageenan-based films for potential applications in food packaging.University of Nizwa; Natural and Medical Sciences Research CenterThe authors are thankful to the Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Oman for providing research facilities to conduct the current study
Offset-fed Slotted Antenna Practically Loaded with Split Ring as Water Quality Sensor for XBand Industrial Applications
No full textThis article describes the design, testing, and analysis of an offset-fed split ring-loaded slotted antenna for various water quality sensors. The antenna is designed to resonate at 10 GHz on a low-cost FR-4 substrate of dimensions 0.621 lambda(o)x0.467 lambda(o)x0.053 lambda(o) , where lambda(o) is the free space wavelength at the resonant frequency. The fabricated antenna finds excellent agreement with the measured antenna parameters. At 10 GHz, the antenna achieves a gain of 7.61 dBi, a nearly unidirectional radiation pattern, and a radiation efficiency of 76%. The research is further explored to use the antenna as a water sample sensor. The antenna is tested on various water samples by submerging it in them, and in the second scenario, contactless measurements at 10 mm away from the container's upper water level. The work examines the quality of the water by observing the shift in the resonant frequency (f(r)), the antenna quality factor with different total dissolved solvents (TDS) in the water samples, and changes in the reflection coefficient (S-11) values. It is observed that the antenna shows less than 1.5% numerical sensitivity (NS) with f(r), and high NS with the S-11. The antenna's S 11 and bandwidth vary and depending on the water sample. This antenna is suitable for Xband industrial and microwave laboratory applications
Characterization of aroma and aroma-active compounds of black carrot ( Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) pomace by aroma extract dilution analysis
No full textThe aim of this study was to characterize the aroma and aroma-active compounds of black carrot pomace, a valuable by-product of black carrot juice industry. Aroma compounds were analyzed using GC-MS-O and extracted via the SAFE technique. The extract samples were determined to represent the odor of black carrot pomace quite well according to the results of the representative test. Accordingly, the aromatic extract scored 77.7 mm for intensity and 87 mm for similarity on a 100 mm unstructured scale. A total of 47 volatile constituents were identified and quantified including terpenes (20), alcohols (11), acids (7), esters (4), ketones (4), and lactone (1). It was observed that terpenes were the major aroma group. The use of aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) revealed only 29 of these compounds as aroma-active constituents. Phenylethyl alcohol (FD:512, OAV: 2488, rose) and phenylethyl acetate (FD:256, OAV:280, rose) were the aroma substances providing the strongest rose odor. Following these compounds, acetic acid (vinegar), dimethyl-propanedioic acid (pungent), (E)-beta-caryophyllene (salty cheese) and elemicin (spicy) were identified as other strong aroma-actives with FD values of 128 contributing to the characteristic odor of the black carrot pomace samples. The odor activity values (OAVs) ranged from 1 to 2488. The highest OAVs represent the high aromatic active compounds (FD >= 128). The distinctive aroma and rich color of black carrot pomace make it a recommended choice for enhancing flavor and adding natural coloring to food products.Cukurova University Research Fund [FBA-2022-15250]We thank the Cukurova University Research Fund (No: FBA-2022-15250) for its financial support for this study