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Makahaiwaʻa - UH West Oʻahu's Weekly Newsletter - Week of March 11, 2024
No full textA Communications Department newsletter from University of Hawai'i - West O'ahu published on Monday, March 11, 2024, to the faculty and staff listserv.A web preservation file has been captured for this newsletter in addition to the PDF. Contact the UHWO Library for access
Interview with Prof. Kim Compoc (History)
No full textThis interview, conducted by students in Professor Kim Compoc’s Fall 2024 Humanities 300 course at the University of Hawaiʻi – West Oʻahu, explores Professor Compoc’s research on U.S. imperialism, Filipino American identity, and military ethics. She reflects on her 2016 Amerasia Journal interview with Major General Antonio Taguba, a high-ranking Filipino American officer known for his report on the Abu Ghraib prison abuses. Professor Compoc discusses the complexities of interviewing a military figure while maintaining an anti-imperialist scholarly stance, her own family’s military background, and the intersection of Hawaiian and Filipino experiences in the context of U.S. occupation. The conversation also delves into the ethics of military service, the impact of propaganda on Filipino American identity, and the challenges of discussing decolonization and demilitarization in academic and public discourse
Examining US FDA Approved Central Nervous Drugs from 2015-2023
No full textTitle: Examining US FDA Approved Central Nervous System Drugs from 2015-2023
Vincent Tran, Cierra Fujimoto, Dianqing Sun
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University
of Hawaii at Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
Purpose: Since 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 400 new
chemical entity and biologic drugs with approximately 11 percent of these drugs falling within
the central nervous system (CNS) category. CNS drugs mediate the functioning of the brain and
spinal cord, and also regulate the human body’s physical and mental well-being. The purpose of
this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis and overview of the medicinal and
physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, and clinical applications of these
FDA approved CNS drugs from 2015-2023.
Methods: This data analysis was conducted using new molecular entity and new therapeutic
biological product approval online resources provided by the US FDA’s Center for Drug
Evaluation and Research (CDER). Literature review was performed by searching online
databases such as Lexicomp and prescribing information document. Physicochemical properties
were obtained from ChemSpider and Chemfinder database. Lipinski’s Rule of Five (molecular
weight, hydrogen bond acceptor, hydrogen bond donor, and LogP) was used to assess the oral
bioavailability, routes of administration, and rationalize their clinical applications of these CNS
agents.
Results: As of September 2023, the US FDA has approved 400 new chemical entity and
therapeutic biologic drugs since 2015 with a total of 44 new CNS drug approvals. Among the
CNS drug classes, the highest number of new CNS drugs approvals was for mental disorders
(22.7%), followed by migraines (20.5%), anti-seizure (11.4%), sleeping disorders (9.1%),
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (6.8%), multiple sclerosis (6.8%), Parkinson’s disease
(6.8%), Alzheimer’s disease (4.5%), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (4.5%),
Huntington’s disease (2.3%), opioid withdrawal (2.3%), and sedatives (2.3%). Chemically, there
are 29 small molecules, 11 biologic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 1 antisense oligonucleotide,
and 3 combination therapy products. With regard to drug characteristics of these 29 small
molecule CNS agents, >70% of these compounds have polar surface area (PSA) values of < 90
Å2, with favorable blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration profiles; and 19 drugs have logP values
ranging from 2 to 5; and 5 drugs had a logP of >5 with more lipophilic profiles. Furthermore, 20
drugs have a basic functionality, with 8 drugs being neutral and 4 being weakly acidic under
physiological conditions. Detailed physicochemical properties, PK parameters, and clinical
indications, and recommended dosages of these CNS medications will be presented.
Conclusion: From 2015-2023, remarkable medicine advances have been made with 400 total
new drug approvals from the FDA. Among them, 44 drugs fall within the CNS category,
remaining as one of the top 3 drug approval category following oncology and infectious disease.
From a medicinal chemistry standpoint, to enable the BBB penetration, most of these CNS
approved drugs are lipophilic and basic or neutral as the acidic functionality is not well tolerated
due to the negatively charged form under physiological condition. This work serves as a valuable
resource and medication information for clinicians and drug discovery researchers
Comparison of Weight Loss Diabetic Medication and Self-reported Obesity Prevalence Rates in the United States in 2021
No full textPoster Title: Comparison of weight loss diabetic medication prescribing and self-reported obesity prevalence rates
in the United States in 2021
Authors: Neilsen Gazo, P3 Student Pharmacist; Bryce Fukunaga, PharmD
Purpose -
According to the ADA 2023 guidelines, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) and sodium-glucose
cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are effective medications for weight loss in individuals with diabetes. Given the
substantial health risks, a focus on weight management is vital. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is an
association between the prescribing rates of weight loss diabetic medications, GLP1RA and SGLT2i, and obesity
prevalence rates in the United States.
Methods -
This was a retrospective data analysis, utilizing state prescription information from the 2021 Medicare Provider
Utilization and Payment: Part D Prescriber Data. Data on claims and beneficiaries of weight loss diabetic medications
across all 50 states available in 2021 were collected, including GLP1RA (Dulaglutide, Exenatide, Liraglutide,
Lixisenatide, and Semaglutide) and SGLT2i (Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin, and Ertugliflozin). Prescribing
rates for GLP1RA and SGLT2i, both individually and together, were analyzed. Combination medications containing these
agents were excluded. Information on the prevalence of self-reported obesity among adults in the United States for 2021
was gathered from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (CDC
BRFSS). Graphs and heat maps were generated using Microsoft Excel for visual representations.
Results -
In 2021, the top five states with the highest GLP1RA prescribing rates were Alaska, North Dakota, Massachusetts, North
Carolina, and New York. The top five states with the highest SGLT2i prescribing rates were Hawaii, New York,
Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Kentucky. The top five states with the highest GLP1RA plus SGLT2i prescribing rates
were New York, Alaska, Hawaii, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina. The top ten states with the highest self-reported
obesity prevalence rates were West Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama, Oklahoma, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, South
Dakota, Ohio, and Missouri. Kentucky had one of the highest SGLT2i prescribing rates and was also within the top ten
states with the highest self-reported obesity prevalence rates. All other states mentioned in the top five states for GLP1RA,
SGLT2i, and GLP1RA plus SGLT2i prescribing rates were not among the top ten states with the highest self-reported
obesity prevalence rates.
Conclusion -
There was no strong correlation between the prescribing rates of GLP1RA and SGLT2i and obesity prevalence rates in the
United States in 2021. Some limitations of this study include limited age group populations of Medicare Part D data and
the subjectiveness of self-reported obesity prevalence. Further research is warranted to observe larger sample sizes with
greater ranges of age groups to further evaluate the correlation of this stud
