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Projekt Säker Patientvård Under Transport (SPURT)
No full textAmbulanspersonal, och annan prehospital vårdpersonal, arbetar i en krävande och farlig miljö, och löper risk för både traumatiska skador (t.ex. trafikolyckor) och långsiktiga hälsoeffekter. Organisationsförändringar i den svenska sjukvården har lett till centralisering av resurser till färre och mer specialiserade, men därför också mer avlägsna, sjukhus. Det innebär ökade transportavstånd och att fler medicinska ingrepp måste utföras under transporten. Sjukvårdssystemet är särskilt beroende av vård under transport i större kriser och katastrofer. I dessa överstiger vårdbehovet per definition de tillgängliga medicinska resurserna. En del av hanteringen av sådana kriser går ut på att fördela patienter mellan sjukhus och andra vårdinrättningar på ett sådant sätt att inget enskilt sjukhus får ett ohanterligt inflöde av patienter. I sådana situationer kan det förekomma att även svårt skadade patienter får en längre transportsträcka än vad som är önskvärt, eftersom de måste fördelas till sjukhus som är mer avlägsna skadehändelsen.
Projektet SPURT kommer etablera en forskningsplattform som kan användas för att nå en fördjupad kunskap om arbetsmiljö, säkerhet och arbetskvalitet för ambulanspersonal och annan personal som utför vård under transport. Den centrala komponenten i plattformen kommer att vara en internationellt unik ambulanssimulator med rörelseplattform som inkluderar både den främre förarmiljön och den bakre vårdmiljön i en ambulans. Rörelseplattformen som kommer användas är Sim III. Sim III har ett linjärt rörelsesystem som medger rörelse i fyra frihetsgrader, och erbjuder både linjär- och lutningsrörelse. Genom att koppla samman slädens förflyttning med fordonets sidoposition, skapar simulatorns rörelsealgoritm realistiska sidorörelser. Utöver de yttre rörelsesystemen har Sim III även ett separat skakbord som rör kabinen relativt projektionsytan. Plattformen kan även vridas 90 grader så att linjärrörelsen kan utnyttjas för acceleration och inbromsning i stället för krafter i sidled. Målet med forskningsplattformen är att kunna bedriva forskning för att öka säkerheten för ambulanspersonal, särskilt med avseende på risker i trafik, etablera riktlinjer gällande vilka vårdmoment som kan utföras under färd med bibehållen säkerhet för både utförare och patient, minska den fysiska och mentala arbetsbelastningen för ambulanspersonal, samt förbättra säkerhetskultur och möjligheter till träning
Simple and Practical Goal Importance Metrics for Ice Hockey
Get PDFTo capture that not all goals are of the same importance, a new performance metric called the Game Points Importance Value (GPIV) was recently proposed. While this metric takes into account the expected impact that a goal has on the outcome of a game based on the context when the goal was scored, it relies on a relatively fine-grained state space. To address this problem, this paper presents simplified and more practical variations of the GPIV metric. Motivated by our analysis of the relative importance of different dimensions of the state space, we present two metrics that capture the most important component(s) of GPIV. Our evaluation shows that the metrics are relatively stable and capture most of the relative differences between GPIV and traditional metrics (e.g., goals, assist, points, and +/-). These results suggest that these simple and practical metrics are intuitive, capture most of the desirable variations that GPIV captures, and that the value of a goal can be well estimated using GPIV data based on historic data
The Importance of Special Teams in Ice Hockey
Get PDFThis paper explores the significance of special teams, particularly powerplay, in ice hockey. Despite the commonly held perception of their importance, little research has examined the impact of powerplay and penalty kill performance on overall team success. The paper uses several seasons of NHL data to characterize goal-scoring and manpower opportunities, and perform analysis from several perspectives. The results indicate that individual even strength goals and powerplay goals have similar value, but the larger share of even strength goals scored over a season makes even strength play a more important contributor to team success. The paper also finds a high correlation between teams that perform above/below average during even strength and powerplay. This study provides insights into the dynamics of ice hockey gameplay and the role of special teams in determining team success
Optimization of Pressure Relief Grooves for Multi-Quadrant Hydraulic Machines in Different System Architectures
Get PDFIn hydraulic axial piston machines, each chamber switches between the high-pressure and the low-pressure port with every revolution. How this process, the commutation, is done, is an essential part of pump design. The commutation typically targets a smooth pressure transition to minimize compressible flow pulsations. However, an ideal pressure match is not possible over the whole operating range of the machine. Thus, pressure relief grooves are considered a “necessary evil” in the state of the art, which can reduce flow pulsations over a wide operating range on the expense of slightly increased losses. Depending on the drive cycle and especially the number of quadrants a hydraulic machine is used in, the optimal pressure relief groove design differs. The increased losses and pulsations for enabling 4-quadrant operation of hydraulic machines are shown.
Pump-controlled systems lead to hydraulic machines running in different drive cycles than in conventional valve-controlled systems, affecting ideal groove design. This paper focuses on how to optimize pressure relief grooves and thus presents the methodology incl. the simulation model, formulation of the objective function, and choice of optimization algorithm. Optimizations are carried out for 1-, 2- and 4-quadrant operation. Pareto fronts for a trade-off between flow pulsations and losses are presented, for both a valve-controlled system and a pump-controlled system carrying out the same task in an excavator boom application
Designing a sustainable collaborative food service for entrepreneurs in a university environment
Get PDFThis paper aims to describe the service design of a collaborative entrepreneurship in a university environment that seeks to improve the local food in line with sustainability concepts. Design Science Research was adopted as a research method and generated an artifact, a collaborative business service of sustainable gastronomic products. This method adopted a three-cycle structure: relevance, design and rigor. To support the construction of the artifact, service design and codesign approaches were considered. The result of this process includes carrying out activities with an interdisciplinary team of researchers, as well as the participation of entrepreneurs in codesign workshops. The solution is a service implemented for collaborative entrepreneurship for university students who work under the concepts of sustainable gastronomy. The results can promote insights in new service proposals that foster the entrepreneurship of sustainable gastronomy in academic environments and help in the qualification of students as entrepreneurs
Amplifying the politics in Service Design
Get PDFWitnessing the speed of growth and reach in demand for service design (SD) confronts us to ask what neoliberal forces are behind this acceleration? Are services, systems and structures really improving at this velocity, and what are we eroding and ignoring in turn? Pausing to ask about the direction and effect of change is critical to recognising SD’s implication in the status quo. This paper presents a methodology of noticing precedents that are quotidian and dystopian to show how dominant logics of SD are commodifying social practices of relating and organising. By slowing down to attend, listen and reflect, our approaches reveal existing rituals, values, nuances and commitments that teach us what an apolitical SD fails to see. We contribute a methodology for amplifying the political in SD, arguing for an ethical path of resistance and reorientation to support ethical, transformative, self-determined practices of design, education and research
The Context of Addressing Power Dynamics in Service Design
Get PDFTo support transformative aims, scholars highlight a crucial need for increased attention to power dynamics in service design (SD). Current literature emphasizes the need for individual service designers to build reflexivity around power without much consideration for their surrounding context. This narrow focus may inadvertently reinforce existing power dynamics while using service designers as scapegoats for the persistent problem. Drawing from ecological theories in psychology, this article provides a framework for understanding the contextual factors that contribute to the lack of reflexivity around power dynamics among service designers. Based on our own experiences and a review of SD literature, we used this framework to identify domains of contextual factors that inhibit service designers to address power dynamics in practice. By proposing a systemic framework and identifying related contextual factors, this study helps to provide grounding for future research and action within the service design community regarding the structural changes needed to address power dynamics
The social landscape of Service Design. Exploring the entanglements of the Service Design community on Twitter through social network analysis
Get PDFService Design is not only a discipline, a profession, and a field of research but also a community of actors (professionals, researchers, organizations, institutions) working on service design practice and research, locally rooted but often globally connected. With Service Design we design the intangible, the behaviors, and the flows among actors, but still, we rarely look at how these also are part of Service Design. How are the actors of the Service Design community entangled among each other? In our study, we focused on Twitter as a proxy environment for analyzing the connections between Service Design actors, adopting Social Network Analysis and networks as the perspective for understanding complexity and complex systems. In this article, we explore the Service Design actors on Twitter in terms of communities identified, general statistics, centrality measurements, the evolution over time and the geographical location of actors
Life events as an approach for service ecosystem design: lessons learned from the Finnish public services
Get PDFLife event services have emerged worldwide as an approach for designing public services by addressing significant transitions in life and building an ecosystem around them. We study this approach as an opportunity to engage the ecosystem in a novel manner. Empirically, we investigated three digital public service cases in Finland that leverage the life events approach. Life transitions make gaps between systems visible to the large and complex network of value-creators. Life events is a unifying term for public administrations, cross-sector organisations, and communities involved as providers. Whilst this approach uncovers an underserved set of actors and situational motivations, it provides the service ecosystem with a shared purpose. Our analysis establishes four demands for designing service ecosystems around life transitions: semantic interoperability, ecosystem governance, segmentation model and purpose-driven approach
Rapid Service Design for Service Continuity in Pandemic-like Disruptions
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted employees’ lifestyles as well as organizational service experiences. Disrupted service experiences have led to changes in employee well-being, behavior, and responses, disrupting existing organizational structures and leading to diminished effectiveness of workplace and workforce management. Employee satisfaction at work has become more crucial post-pandemic for retaining employees in the organization. To thrive in the postpandemic situation, offering improved flexibility and adaptability in the employee lifecycle will enable employees to respond and recover faster and better. In this paper, we analyse the employee service experience problems and disruptive scenarios that have occurred due to the pandemic. We propose a Rapid Service Design (RSD) approach to mitigate gradually unfolding challenges, accelerate the service design process cycle time, and creatively and iteratively respond to service continuity in pandemic-like disruptions