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Simulation of blue hydrogen production by natural gas in the North Sea
Get PDFHydrogen is an efficient energy carrier and an important contribution to sustainable energy development. Hydrogen can be produced based on different methods and on different raw materials. Blue hydrogen is hydrogen produced from natural gas via a steam-methane reformer with subsequent carbon capture and storage. The CO2 from the process can be stored in matured oil and gas fields or in an aquifer.This paper studies the potential of producing blue hydrogen from methane from the Troll gas field on the Norwegian continental shelf. The production rate of methane from the Troll field is predicted and based on the calculated methane production the steam-methane reformation process is modelled and simulated. The model includes the required steps to convert natural gas into hydrogen and CO2 and further to catch the CO2. The volume of captured CO2 per m3 of produced hydrogen is calculated. Production of blue hydrogen also includes storage of CO2, and the required storage capacity is calculated.The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether blue hydrogen produced by natural gas from the Troll field is an alternative to reducing CO2 emissions to reach the climate target. The simulation was performed with Aspen HYSYS 12 and the calculation on how much CO2 must be stored and the storage capacity needed were performed manually. The mass of CO2 resulting from the conversion of about 2400 tons natural gas/h to blue hydrogen and CO2 at the Troll field is 5600 tons CO2/hour or 49 megatons CO2/year. The produced hydrogen had a purity of 95%. The predicted storage capacity for CO2 at the Troll field is found to be 136 megatons. A profitability analysis is performed and the results are promissing
Interdependent Critical Flows : Conceptual framing and M&S approach for resilience analysis
No full textCritical flows of goods and services, such as energy, information, transport, and food, are imperative for society's functionality. Hence, it is important to study the vulnerability of these flows and how the disruption of one may affect another. However, holistic overview and understanding of critical flows are largely lacking. It is not trivial to co-analyze flows of heterogeneous nature: assets, spatial distribution, and underlying infrastructure differ widely. This causes difficulties in establishing a common flow concept for holistic analysis. This poster presents ongoing work regarding conceptual framing of critical flows and a three-tier modeling framework with an illustrative case in a Swedish setting. The concept of critical flows aims to shift focus from sector-specific security management towards interdependencies between sectors, societal entities, critical infrastructures, and supply chains, thus focusing on a meso-level to complement more traditional micro- and macro-levels. Here also focusing on consequences at national or regional levels. A broad interpretation of what constitutes a flow is used in this approach to accommodate and integrate a wide variety of flows within the same framework where the salient properties of critical flows and their interdependent behavior are captured to achieve a system-of-systems perspective. This research further takes a modeling and simulation (M&S) approach to operationalizing the critical flows concept. The goal is to enable a multitude of resilience-oriented analyses through simulations and to contrast and compare risks and vulnerabilities across and between different flows. Three tiers of model granularity are proposed, each with structural, functional, and interdependency models. The first tier of the model is exemplified by a Swedish case and shows the regional vulnerabilities of the road network in relation to the flows of diesel and grain. The results show significant regional differences in vulnerability, where some regions are self-sufficient and hence unaffected by road disturbances, while other parts, mainly the north, are more severely affected as dependent on imports from other regions. There are also differences among flows; diesel is more vulnerable to road disturbances than grain. The study highlights the value of a joint conceptualization and an M&S approach for analyzing interdependent critical flows upholding society
Utvärdering av övningskonceptet Giron 2022
No full textIntroduktion
Mellan den 13:e och 15:e september 2022 anordnades övning Giron 2022 i Kiruna. Ett av målen med övningen var att den skulle kunna visa på ett övningskoncept som med regionala anpassningar kan användas för att öka takten inom utvecklingen av den civila beredskapen i Sverige. För att undersöka eventuella utvecklingsbehov kopplat till övningskonceptet utvärderades konceptet med fokus på övningsplaneringen och -genomförandet.
Metod
Vid utvärderingen användes en konsensusorienterad metod bestående av två workshops och en enkät däremellan. Under den första workshopen ombads de 27 deltagarna anteckna utvecklingsförslag baserat på lärdomar från övningsplaneringen och -genomförandet.
Utifrån deltagarnas anteckningar skapades en enkät med 55 påståenden. Denna enkät skickades till de 49 individer som var inbjudna till den andra workshopen. I enkäten ombads de 37 respondenterna besvara varje påstående på skalan ett till nio, där ett motsvarade instämmer inte alls och nio instämmer fullständigt. Enkätsvaren användes för att beräkna huruvida påståendena nådde konsensus, vilket antingen kunde vara för att behålla eller för att förkasta.
De påståenden som inte nådde konsensus i enkäten omformulerades inför den andra workshopen. Under detta tillfälle diskuterade de 32 deltagarna dessa påståenden, följt av en separat omröstning för varje påstående enligt samma metodik som i enkäten. Svaren från omröstningen användes för att beräkna konsensus likt enkätsvaren.
Resultat
De påståenden som nådde konsensus från enkäten och den andra workshopen delades in i sex teman och presenterades i en konsensusskrift. De sex temana är: övningskonceptet generellt, planering, föreläsningar, syfte och mål, övningsupplägg och utvärdering.
Påståendena visar bland annat att övningskonceptet fortsatt ska användas och utvecklas, att övningars syfte i främsta hand bör vara att höja förmågor snarare än bibehålla förmågor, att det ska läggas ett stort fokus på beslutsfattande i framtida övningar och att tekniska hjälpmedel såsom Rakel, WIS och GIS ska användas under övningar.
Slutsats
För att utveckla övningskonceptet bör övningsorganisatörer som planerar genomföra framtida liknande övningar utifrån övningskonceptet Giron 2022 använda konsensusskriften som riktlinje under övningsplaneringen och -genomförandet
Masskadetriage – underlag för ett nationellt införande av ett masskadetriagesystem i Sverige
No full textVid masskadehändelser uppstår en omedelbar obalans mellan tillgänglig sjukvårdspersonal och behovet hos de skadade. Denna obalans kan kvarstå även efter att professionell mobiliserats till skadeplatsen och senare under vårdförloppet på enskilda sjukhus och i regioner. Masskadetriagesystem har syftet att tillgänglig personal ska göra det viktigaste först och ge bästa möjliga behandling för flest möjliga. Masskadetriagesystem innehåller sållningssteg och algoritmer baserade på vitalparametrar för att kategorisera patienter i prioriteringsnivå. Detta kan innebära att skadade som kan vänta behöver vänta, och att svårt skadade med stort vårdbehov och låg chans till överlevnad inte prioriteras för vård.
För ett land som Sverige inte har ett nationell fastställt masskadetriagesystem innebär det utmaningar att urskilja vilket masskadetriagesystem som bör införas, och hur detta bör gå till. Denna studie fokuserar på frågeställningarna om råd och förväntningar en nationell panel experter hade på ett införande ett nationellt masskadetriagesystem. Studien genomfördes på uppdrag av Socialstyrelsen med utgångspunkt i myndighetens arbete med nationell masskadeplan delvis baserat på regeringsuppdrag S2021/02921.
Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 17 personer (7 kvinnor, 10 män) från tio olika regioner med yrkesbakgrund inom prehospital sjukvård och katastrofmedicinsk beredskap. En tematisk analys genomfördes på materialitet vilket genererade fem teman om hur masskadetriage bör definieras, hur triagering används idag, hur framtida masskadetriagering bör utföras, hur masskadetriagesystemet bör införas och förvaltas. Respondenterna menade att ett nationellt system förenklar samverkan över regiongränser och tog även upp behovet av ett enkelt system som alla kan använda, även aktörer som polis, räddningstjänst och Försvarsmakten. Det fanns behov av att fastställa systemet nationellt och det framkom förslag på effektiva sätt att införa systemet för att främja bred acceptans i Sverige. Respondenterna tar även upp behov av vetenskaplig förankring, utbildning och etiska diskussioner. Förvaltning av systemet bör enligt deltagarna utföras av en arbetsgrupp eller kunskapscenter med ansvar att följa upp användandet och identifiera behov av revision efter implementation av systemet.
Resultaten från studien visar på ett behov av och en acceptans för, att införa ett nationellt triagesystem för masskadetriage i Sverige. Utifrån experternas råd och förväntningar ger studien rekommendationer till fortsatt arbete i utvecklingen och införandet av ett nationellt masskadetriagessystem i Sverige.  
An Estimator for Aircraft Actuator Characteristics Using Singular Value Decomposition
Get PDFThis paper illustrates how a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and regression analyses can be used to create estimation models for aircraft actuator components by use of industrial data. The estimation models are at the end used to show how an electromechanical actuator´s weight and size will evolve with respect to output force. An essential step in the early design of aircraft is to be able to predict the weight and size of a resulting concept. This weight and size typically include contributions of main components such as wing and fuselage. Weight and size estimations at this stage can also range down to components at a sub-system level, for example, the aircraft actuators. The weight and size of an actuator depends on many parameters, and it is desirable to understand any underlying relationship to make qualified estimations of an actuator’s characteristics. However, the knowledge about a design is often limited at an early design stage and the required information is not always available. Consequently, estimations must be made from limited information and desired properties of the actuator. One way to approach this problem is to use SVD. An SVD analysis determines the most influential parameters in a data set and uses these to create an estimation model that only requires a few inputs for estimating the remaining parameters in the data set. An SVD can thereby be used for both identifying the driving parameters in a statistical dataset of existing solutions and to estimate the characteristics of new designs to be developed
Frugal Approach for The Design of a Rehabilitation Physical System
Get PDFIn the rehabilitation process, robotic structures can support the different medical-surgical actions. These recovery process activities often involve repetitive movements that must be performed several times at various amplitudes. Robotic structures for rehabilitation can be driven by three types of active drives, namely electric, pneumatic and hydraulic actuators. Pneumatic systems have become increasingly present in various market segments and are widely used in the industry, mainly due to their ease of maintenance, low cost, safety and applicability in various processes. Currently, the concept of Frugal Innovation is being discussed, which emerges as a way to produce effective and affordable products using fewer resources to reach less-served customers. Frugal Innovation is centered on saving resources, is characterized by simplicity and clarity and aims to reach the low-income market. This article proposes the application of Frugal development methods in the design of a lower limb rehabilitation system. With the application of frugal concepts, pneumatic actuators were chosen. The choice of the pneumatic cylinder is presented from the required pneumatic force. The application of the Frugal Innovation approach in the design of this type of products demonstrates the relevance of applying these methods in efforts to mitigate or reduce the growth of the technological gap between underdeveloped and developed countries
Design opportunities in sustainable food services: B Corp parameters for restaurants
Get PDFBased upon a literature review on food system sustainability notions related to food systems, this paper presents connections and overlaps between B Corp guidelines and a basic structure of food design, focusing on the practical implications of a restaurant certification process. The study interprets critical aspects of the food system in the restaurant industry and looks towards the multiple necessary service design project constraints, implications, and opportunities within the sustainable food systems, an immediate and relevant intersecting subject
Des ( · ) Teta: Healing ritual for women in the process of breast implant removal
Get PDFIn 2011, the Poly Implant Prothese breast implant scandal broke out worldwide. Since then, legal firms have represented affected women, collectively suing TÜV-Rheinland, who certified the quality of PIPs for nearly ten years. However, it is estimated that around 24% of these women cannot remove the implants. On top of this, women have suffered various repercussions. Many have created coping mechanisms to deal with these situations. We introduce Des(·)Teta, a new service that focuses on healing rituals for women during breast implant removal. A non-profit organization delivers the service that offers discounts on the explant surgery and recovery process besides the healing ritual. Des(·)Teta highlights the importance of resignifying a traumatic experience. This resignification is embedded by a stamp of the capsule created by the body to protect it. This stamp is a symbol of a new beginning for women
Towards designing Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) services: The case of +Acordo
Get PDFArtificial Intelligence (AI)-based Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) services are a beneficial alternative to litigation in consumer-related claims in Brazil. Thus, understanding how to improve these services is important. Nevertheless, designers still need to explore some open gaps, such as specificities of the Brazilian context, characteristics of consumer claims, and potential impacts of employing AI. This paper aims to discuss design implications through a two-phased case study on an AI-based ODR service developed by a Brazilian State Court: +Acordo. In study 1, we present a map illustrating lawyers' journeys with consumer lawsuits against electricity companies. In study 2, we expose results from interviews with certified mediators. Our results indicate that AI-based ODR services should highlight their quickness and ethics throughout the services' touchpoints. These services should also be transparent and clear, even for layman consumers. Moreover, designers should explore ways to integrate AI systems with human-based support throughout the service
Take-it-back Service: meta-scenario for white-good appliances
Get PDFThe need to change the consumer behavior in relation to the disposal of home appliances promotes a discussion to create a meta-scenario for a take it back service that can create value in the relationship between Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) consumers and manufactures. This paper presents a study on home appliances' take-it-back service using Internet of Things (IoT) sensors integrated into a collaborative digital platform, focusing on promoting transparency for consumers. The research method was a systematic literature review combined with a range of Service Design Tools. The study first introduces an explanation of reverse logistics and its relationship with the IoT. Service Design tools such as Focus Group, Card Sorting, Tomorrow’s Headlines, and Storyboard, were used for a better understanding of the problem and to support the generation of alternatives process. The insertion of emerging technologies as a key factor to the meta-scenario proposed corroborates with the change in the consumer behavior for sustainability, and it helps the user for better decision-making