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Lemmatizing and POS-tagging Akkadian with BabyLemmatizer and Dictionary-Based Post-Correction
Get PDFWe present BabyLemmatizer, a hybrid lemmatizer and POS-tagger for Akkadian, the language of the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, documented from 2350 BCE to 100 CE. In our approach the text is first POS-tagged and lemmatized with TurkuNLP trained with human-verified labels, and then post-corrected with dictionary-based methods to improve the lemmatization quality. The post-correction also assigns labels with confidence scores to flag the most suspicious lemmatizations for manual validation. We demonstrate that the presented tool achieves a Lemma+POS labeling accuracy of 94%, and a lemmatization accuracy of 95% in a held-out test set. We also apply lemmatizer to a previously unlemmatized text corpus to test it in practice
Developing Resources for Measuring Text Readability in Sesotho
Get PDFThis article presents a work-in-progress doctoral project that explores measuring text readability in Sesotho, a Bantu language spoken by more than 10 million speakers across Southern Africa. The main project adopts a classical readability formulas approach to text readability analysis. We aim to adapt nine existing readability metrics into Sesotho using English as a higher-resourced helper language. So far, five resources have been developed as part of the study. The rule-based and the TeX-based syllabification systems, the syllable annotated word list, and the grade 12 exam reading comprehension and summary writing corpus have been published on the South African Centre for Digital Language Resources' (SADiLaR) online repository. The machine-translated corpus is still under development. This article describes the progress of the PhD project by overviewing the basic digital language resources developed for the project. The metrics under consideration for adaptation into Sesotho are also briefly discussed
Encrypted epigraphy - the case of a mysterious inscription in the Neapolitan church of Santa Maria La Nova
Get PDFThis paper contains all steps regarded as necessary and relevant towards the decryption of the epigraph placed in the “Turbolo Chapel” of the Neapolitan Church of Santa Maria La Nova. The inscription has been processed by means of Python- written procedures in combination with the decryption software AZdecrypt, thus displaying linguistic features converging unequivocally to the hypothesis that its clear-text be encrypted by monoalphabetic substitution from a natural language, possibly alongside with transposition and polyalphabetism. A preliminary analysis on characters n-grams and vocals-consonants combinations has not succeeded yet in individuating any clear-text language among all the analysed corpora
Control development and sizing analysis for a 5th generation district heating and cooling network using Modelica
Get PDF5th generation district heating and cooling networks (5GDHC) are a relatively new concept. They are based on the idea that a single district loop at a ambient temperature range can be used for heating and cooling simultaneously. This paper improves on a 5GDHC called the reservoir network. The study updates the sewage heat exchanger plant model to more realistically represent seasonal changes, uses the novel pump models with variable efficiency, introduces a ground coupled district pipe model to consider the inertia of the district network and a new control strategy for storage and sewage heat exchanger was implemented. the new approach reduced operating costs, mainly due to pumping cost for storage, sewage heat exchanger plant and distribution pump, while increasing the overall robustness of the approach in different sizing conditions. Thanks to the new controller, the pumping consumption was reduced by 21% with respect to the baseline, while showing that the approach is robust against design changes such as reduction in borehole field size and increasing the sewage heat exchanger size, since the pumping energy savings become 29%. Lastly borehole field temperature stability was analyzed through a 40Y simulation
Modeling and Simulation of the Hydrogen Value Chain with ThermoSysPro and Modelica
Get PDFHydrogen will play a key role in the global energy transition if we are able to produce it with low-carbon emissions. However, clean hydrogen production today is mostly limited to demonstration projects ranging from 2 up to 20 MW. Modeling the way low-carbon hydrogen is produced, stored and used will allow us to significantly improve our understanding of how clean hydrogen could be produced and thus increase the production efficiency. In this paper, we show that the newest version of ThermoSysPro (TSP), an open-source Modelica library for modeling energy systems, provides a suitable framework to model and simulate the hydrogen production, storage and consumption. The model presented in this paper contains three electrolyzers, a storage station and a vehicle station. We present how the model was built, which components were adapted and how, and show that its simulation can be useful in the design phase, as well as for diagnosis purposes
Towards the separate compilation of Modelica: modularity and interfaces for the index reduction of incomplete DAE systems
Get PDFA key feature of the Modelica language is its object-oriented nature: components are instances of classes and they can aggregate other components, so that extremely large models can be efficiently designed as ``trees of components''. However, the structural analysis of Modelica models, a necessary step for generating simulation code, often relies on the flattening of this hierarchical structure, which undermines the scalability of the language and results in widely-used Modelica tools not being able to compile and simulate such large models. In this paper, we propose a novel method for the modular structural analysis of Modelica models. An adaptation of Pryce's Sigma-method for non-square DAE systems, along with a carefully crafted notion of component interface, make it possible to fully exploit the object tree structure of a model. The structural analysis of a component class can be performed once and for all, only requiring the information provided by the interface of its child components. The resulting method alleviates the exponential computation costs that can be yielded by model flattening; hence, its scalability makes it ideally suited for the modeling and simulation of large cyber-physical systems
The Common Requirement Modeling Language
Get PDFCRML (the Common Requirement Modeling Language) is a new language for the formal expression of requirements. The ambition is to release the language as an open standard integrated into the open source modeling and simulation tool OpenModelica and interoperable with the open systems engineering standard SysMLv2. CRML allows to express requirements as multidisciplinary spatiotemporal constraints that can be verified against system design by co-simulating requirements models with behavioral models. Particular attention is paid to the following aspects. The requirements models must be easily legible and sharable between disciplines and stakeholders and must capture realistic constraints on the system, including time-dependent constraints with probabilistic criteria, in recognition of the fact that no constraint can be fulfilled at any time at any cost. The theoretical foundation of the language lies on 4-valued Boolean algebra, set theory and function theory. The coupling of the requirements models to the behavioral models is obtained through the specification of bindings, the automatic generation of Modelica code from the CRML model and use of the FMI and SSP standards. CRML and the proposed methodology is compatible with SysMLv2, forming a comprehensive work-flow and tool-chain encompassing requirement analysis, system design and V&V. The final objective is to facilitate the demonstration of correctness of system behavior against assumptions and requirements by building a workflow around Model-Driven Engineering and Open Standards for automating the creation of verification simulators
Piecewise-Steady-State Modelica Simulations for the Conceptual Design Phase of Industrial Processes
Get PDFThe conceptual design of industrial processes is challenging as relatively little information about the eventually selected equipment and their operation is known in this early design stage. Furthermore, the systems are increasingly integrated with themselves, and their design must be addressed systematically. Simulation can assist in better understanding the effects of design decisions on the resulting system performance. To facilitate the simulation of industrial processes in this early design phase, this paper proposes an approach to modeling system components specifically aimed at employing known key design parameters and assuming steady-state behavior of the process for a certain period of time (e.g. one hour). A solution over a longer period of time (e.g. for a year) can then be obtained by simulating a multitude of such shorter periods, leading to the piecewise-steady-state solution. The proposed approach is developed with an exemplary case study, based on a real industrial site. The resulting model computes the annual load profile within the range of seconds for the given case study
ESP Lifted Oil Field: Core Model, and Comparison of Simulation Tools
Get PDFOptimal operation of petroleum production is important in a transition from energy systems based on fossil fuel to sustainable systems. One sub-process in petroleum production deals with transport from the (subsea) well-bore to a topside separator. Here, a simple model in Sharma & Glemmestand (2014) has been streamlined into a dynamic model suitable for illustration of the dynamics of oil transport, as well for control studies. The advantages of using dimensionless equipment models are emphasized. The model is then used to compare two popular modeling languages: Modelica, and ModelingToolkit for Julia. Key advantages and disadvantages of these two languages are emphasized
Implementation of a bolted joint model in Modelica
Get PDFThe basic mechanics of a bolted joint are well-known and have been studied for a long time. The dominating principle is to represent the parts in a joint as a series connection of linear compression and tension springs. However, traditional models often neglect the tightening dynamics and their interrelation with, for instance the friction or embedment. To study these phenomena further and determine their impact on the tightening process and dynamics, and for developing new tightening control strategies, it is necessary to model a threaded fastener and implement it in a suitable simulation environment.Existing models and experimental data have been studied to find equations that fit the observed behavior. Novel models were combined with standard Modelica components to form a threaded fastener model. The simulation results were compared with tightening data from experiments. This work proposes new models for the first three tightening phases, embedment, and threaded fastener friction. These models are implemented in the modeling language Modelica. The results show that it is possible to resemble a typical threaded fastener tightening with power tools. The friction and tightening phases show the expected behavior, while the embedment model needs further experimental verification. During modeling, the model is susceptible to the chosen parameters. Parameters for the joint stiffness, obtained via the VDI guidelines, needed to be reduced by 30% to resemble the joint in a dynamic simulation