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Does Public Transport Planning Consider Mobility of Care? A Critical Policy Review of Toronto, Canada
No full textLong Short-Term Memory Neural Network Combined With a Hybrid-modular Clockwork Structure for Transient Modeling of Nonlinear Circuits
No full textInnovation Headroom for a Highly Accurate PD-L1 Companion Diagnostic in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
No full textTau levels in platelets isolated from Huntington's disease patients serve as a biomarker of disease severity
Get PDFABSTRACT: Tau is a microtubule protein that is known to be hyperphosphorylated and to aggregate in several chronic neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, in particular in Alzheimer’s disease, the degree of tau pathology has been demonstrated to correlate with cognitive deficits and/or decline. In Huntington’s disease (HD), a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder, both cognitive impairments and abnormal tau expression have been reported to occur, along with the accumulation of the mutant huntingtin protein. In this respect, tau has been shown to be present in the cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with HD and to increase with disease progression. However, how this relates to changes in tau found in the periphery is largely unknown. In this study, we collected blood samples from patients with HD and isolated multiple blood components including plasma, platelets, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to measure their tau levels and subsequently correlate these to cognitive impairments and disease stage. Our results suggest that the amount of tau, particularly N-terminal tau (NTA-tau) and total tau (t-tau), is elevated in all assayed blood components and that the quantity of tau within platelets, specifically, is strongly correlated with disease severity
Microwave-assisted poly(D,L-lactide) synthesis in toluene and tetrahydrofuran
Get PDFABSTRACT: Poly(d,l-lactide) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer with applications in the biomedical field (drug delivery, implants) and packaging. Conventional synthesis with stannous octoate is slow (>4 h) and can climb to over 30 h. In order to reduce reaction times, we developed a microwave reactor process to ring-open polymerize d,l-lactide to form poly(d,l-lactide) in the presence of stannous octoate and an initiator, benzyl alcohol. We evaluated the suitability of toluene and tetrahydrofuran as solvents at 130, 150, and 170°C for the polymerization. Their respective dielectric loss (ε″) values are 0.1 and 0.35. Compounds with larger dielectric loss values are better at converting microwave energy to heat. The microwave's power input peaked at 420 W to reach 170°C with toluene, whereas with tetrahydrofuran the peak was 330 W; afterwards, the power input to maintain that temperature was 10 W for both solvents. A reaction in toluene at 170°C after 1 h produced poly(d,l-lactide) with a molecular weight of 31 kDa and a dispersity index of 1.5. In tetrahydrofuran, at the same temperature, the molecular weight peaked at 11 kDa after 4 h with a dispersity index of 1.2. Moreover, in the absence of microwaves the polymerization does not occur. Tetrahydrofuran is hygroscopic and water cleaves poly(d,l-lactide) chains resulting in a lower molecular weight despite the longer reaction time and larger dielectric loss compared to toluene, a water immiscible solvent
Concurrent Detection of 2-D Angle-of-Arrival and Polarization Enabled by Virtual Transceiver Matrix Architecture
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Pruning Sparse Tensor Neural Networks Enables Deep Learning for 3D Ultrasound Localization Microscopy
No full textEmulation of synaptic plasticity in WO₃‐based ion‐gated transistors
Get PDFABSTRACT: Neuromorphic systems, inspired by the human brain, promise significant advancements in computational efficiency and power consumption by integrating processing and memory functions, thereby addressing the von Neumann bottleneck. This paper explores the synaptic plasticity of a WO₃-based ion-gated transistor (IGT) in [EMIM][TFSI] and a 0.1 mol L⁻¹ LiTFSI in [EMIM][TFSI] for neuromorphic computing applications. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), transistor characteristics, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) force–distance (FD) profiling analyses reveal that Li⁺ brings about ion intercalation, together with higher mobility and conductance, and slower response time (τ). WO₃ IGTs exhibit spike amplitude-dependent plasticity (SADP), spike number-dependent plasticity (SNDP), spike duration-dependent plasticity (SDDP), frequency-dependent plasticity (FDP), and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), which are all crucial for mimicking biological synaptic functions and understanding how to achieve different types of plasticity in the same IGT. The findings underscore the importance of selecting the appropriate ionic medium to optimize the performance of synaptic transistors, enabling the development of neuromorphic systems capable of adaptive learning and real-time processing, which are essential for applications in artificial intelligence (AI)
