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FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE : EXPLORING THE REAL-WORLD COMPLEXITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CLASSROOM
Get PDFThesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Curriculum, Instruction, and Teacher Education - Doctor of Philosophy, 2025Using a three-article format, this dissertation investigates language and literacy in the context of K-12 education in the U.S. Beginning with a humanities-based Critical Essay, article one traces translanguaging from its inception to its current state. This article intends to introduce translanguaging from a broad spectrum of interpretations and critiques for the reader to shape their own informed opinion about the nature of translanguaging and its claims. Article two of this dissertation encompasses a creative writing piece that illustrates my original intent of using translanguaging as a pedagogical device for a researcher-practitioner piece and details why I remain cautious about translanguaging as a viable tool. Article three includes a case study that investigates the curriculum implementation process of a researcher-practitioner team when navigating an unexpected mid-year curriculum change, specifically focusing on the supplementation of our ELA curriculum. Data sources for this study include student English Language Arts work and teacher-reported observations. Findings reveal that while digitally-sourced curricula serve as quick, time-efficient solutions for locating supplemental teaching materials, the quality of such materials can be poor. Digitally-sourced curricula often require significant adaption, ultimately creating unanticipated challenges to practice.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
RELATING SITUATED AND DISPOSITIONAL MOTIVATIONAL PROCESSES : A DSEM ANALYSIS OF MOTIVATION AMONG COLLEGE-LEVEL STATISTICS STUDENTS
Get PDFThesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Educational Psychology and Educational Technology - Doctor of Philosophy, 2025How do students develop an interest in one academic subject over another? By what mechanisms do they come to believe they have a particular talent for mathematics, literature, or another academic area? These questions concern students\u2019 motivational development, which is associated with many positive outcomes, including their engagement in coursework, persistence in difficult programs, and academic achievement.Situated Expectancy Value Theory is a well-established framework that describes students\u2019 motivational development in terms of subjective beliefs called expectancies, values, and costs. Most empirical studies on these beliefs have focused on how long-term motivational patterns relate to broad outcomes like a student's major selection, achievement, or persistence in a program. While this research has validated the model for explaining long-term motivational development and positive academic outcomes, it has not sufficiently explored the micro-level dynamics of how daily experiences in situ influence these long-term changes. For instance, do a student\u2019s repeated endorsements of the high utility value of statistics homework assignments coalesce into a broader, dispositional belief in the high utility of statistics, generally? Or does a student\u2019s belief in the general utility value of statistics inform the way they perceive the daily tasks they experience in the classroom?In the present study, I explored evidence for \u2018bottom up\u2019 and \u2018top down\u2019 developmental mechanisms among a large sample of college students (n=1,125) enrolled in an introductory statistics class. Dispositional motivation for statistics as an academic subject was measured at the beginning and end of the semester via online surveys. Situated beliefs regarding daily content and activities were measured via mobile applications during each class session, resulting in a sample of more than 18,000 intensive longitudinal measurements. These data were used to test cross-level interactions between dispositional (Level 2) and situated (Level 1) motivational beliefs, which were characterized in terms of carryover, trends, and residual variance (reactivity).Results provided strong evidence that the variance in situated expectancies, values, and costs was attributable to both between- and within-person differences. Students' dispositional motivation was associated with situated motivational beliefs, which were in turn associated with changes in students\u2019 dispositional motivation over time. These results provide support for both \u2018bottom-up\u2019 and \u2018top-down\u2019 mechanisms of motivational development. Dispositional motivation for statistics was also predictive of certain attributes of situated beliefs (e.g., higher pre-term dispositional attainment and utility value and expectancies predicted lower carryover in situated attainment and utility value and expectancies). Moreover, situated expectancies and values displayed some differences from costs, with high values and expectancies associated with more stable reactions to daily class attributes. Cost models showed an inverse pattern, suggesting differences in how highly situated beliefs crystalized into more invariant forms. This study underscores the complexity of analyzing intensive longitudinal data and proposes new directions for further research on measuring and modeling situated motivation.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND OCCUPANCY ON CO2 INDOOR CONCENTRATIONS THROUGH PHYSICS-BASED MODELS
Get PDFThesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Civil Engineering - Master of Science, 2025Buildings account for a substantial portion of energy consumption due to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) contributing to a large portion of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Occupant behavior influences this energy usage, particularly HVAC system energy use to meet occupant needs. Thus, knowledge of occupancy and occupancy schedules can assist in more efficient building operations. While many studies examine the link between occupancy, environmental health, and energy efficiency using physics-based modeling, there have been limitations to capturing the relationship between environmental conditions and occupancy trends, and to assess their impact on model predictions and accuracy. Thus, this thesis aims to define the relationship between CO2 concentration and occupancy patterns while capturing the effect of HVAC operations and environmental conditions, in particular air exchange rates associated with changing door conditions, as well as occupancy scenarios.To accomplish this, field data was collected on occupancy, CO2 concentrations, tracer gas testing, door state, and HVAC operations. Data was then modeled using two physics-based models for different occupant and ventilation scenarios. These models were then evaluated for accuracy under varying model assumptions, to assess the relationship between CO2 concentrations and occupancy. The evaluation included the correlation coefficient between the measured and modeled CO2 concentrations. Also, regression models were used to determine the relationship between occupancy and CO2 concentration, assessing fit using the coefficient of determination (r-squared). Findings reflect that physics-based models can accurately determine CO2 concentrations within rooms regardless of environmental conditions and occupant trends. This further validates that physics-based models can be utilized to accurately determine CO2 concentration from occupant sources. However, findings also imply that the application of box modeling to determine occupancy trends for energy efficiency purposes based on CO2 concentration is only applicable during select conditions, limited to high rates of transient occupancy, air exchange, and unknown sources of CO2 from surrounding classrooms and hallways. This indicates that physics-based modeling is a useful tool in modeling concentrations of CO2 within spaces however should be further investigated with other aspects of VAV systems, occupancy conditions, and surrounding sources of CO2 to assist in the outcome of understanding the applicability of this model for energy efficiency purposes.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
COMPOSITIONALITY IN DIFFUSION MODELS
Get PDFThesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Computer Science - Master of Science, 2025How can we learn generative models to sample data with arbitrary logical compositions of statistically independent attributes? The prevailing solution is to sample from distributions expressed as a composition of attributes\u2019 conditional marginal distributions under the assumption that they are statistically independent. However, we show that standard conditional diffusion models violate this assumption, even when all attribute compositions are observed during training. And, this violation is significantly more severe when only a subset of the compositions is observed. We propose CoInD to address this problem. It explicitly enforces statistical independence between the conditional marginal distributions by minimizing Fisher\u2019s divergence between the joint and marginal distributions. The theoretical advantages of CoInD are reflected in both qualitative and quantitative experiments, demonstrating a significantly more faithful and controlled generation of samples for arbitrary logical compositions of attributes. The benefit is more pronounced for scenarios that current solutions relying on the assumption of conditionally independent marginals struggle with, namely, logical compositions involving the NOT operation and when only a subset of compositions are observed during training.CoInD\u2019s ability to capture the compositional nature of the world, results in faithful and controlled generation, can be leveraged to address many downstream applications. One such application is the task of compositional shift. Machine learning systems often struggle with robustness under subpopulation shifts, especially when only a subset of attribute combinations is observed during training\u2014a severe form of subpopulation shift referred to as compositional shift. To address this problem, we ask: Can we improve robustness of downstream classifier by training on synthetic data that spans all possible attribute combinations? Conditional diffusion models trained on limited data yield an incorrect underlying distribution, and synthetic data sampled from these models often results in unfaithful samples and do not enhance downstream performance. In contrast, CoInD produces faithful samples, which translates to SoTA worst-group accuracy on compositional shift tasks on CelebA. Our code is available at https://github.com/sachit3022/compositional-generation/Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
On 2-adic local and integral models of Shimura varieties
Get PDFThesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Mathematics - Doctor of Philosophy, 2025This thesis is about integral models of Shimura varieties with emphasis on the reduction at the prime .In the first part of the thesis, we construct local models for wildly ramified unitary similitude groups of odd dimension with special parahoric level structure and signature . We first give a lattice-theoretic description for parahoric subgroups using Bruhat-Tits theory in residue characteristic two, and apply them to define local models following the lead of Rapoport-Zink \cite{rapoport1996period} and Pappas-Rapoport \cite{pappas2009local}. In our case, there are two conjugacy classes of special parahoric subgroups. We show that the local models are smooth for the one class and normal, Cohen-Macaulay for the other class. We also prove that they represent the v-sheaf local models of Scholze-Weinstein. Under some additional assumptions, we obtain an explicit moduli interpretation of the local models. The second part of the thesis focuses on constructing integral models over for some Shimura varieties of abelian type with parahoric level structure, extending the previous work of Kim-Madapusi \cite{kim20162} and Kisin, Pappas, and Zhou \cite{kisin2018integral, kisin2024independenceellfrobeniusconjugacy, kisin2024integralmodelsshimuravarieties}. For Shimura varieties of Hodge type, we show that our integral models are canonical in the sense of Pappas-Rapoport \cite{pappas2021p}.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
OLISTER : OBSERVING LIDAR-INDUCED SOURCES FOR TRANSFERABILITY, ESTIMATION AND ROBUSTNESS IN 3D OBJECT DETECTION
Get PDFThesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Computer Science - Master of Science, 2025Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) for 3D object detection in autonomous driving faces challenges due to various sources of domain shift, such as differences in LiDAR resolution, the use of synthetic versus real-world data, scenery variations, and sensor configurations (e.g., sensor placement and number). This thesis systematically investigates these domain shifts through controlled experiments using synthetic datasets generated via the CARLA simulator, enabling precise isolation and quantification of each factor. To facilitate these experiments, two software tools are introduced: carlaSceneCollector, designed for efficient synthetic data generation, and rosbag2nuScenes, which converts ROSBag data into the widely adopted nuScenes format. The study emphasizes two critical sources of domain shift: LiDAR resolution and the synthetic-to-real data shift. It identifies saturation effects at intermediate LiDAR resolutions (32\u201364 channels) and analyzes how varying resolution shifts impact detection performance, particularly noting the disproportionate effects on smaller objects. It evaluates various performance metrics, highlighting the robustness of the NuScenes Detection Score (NDS) compared to traditional metrics like mean Average Precision (mAP). Simultaneously, the synthetic-to-real domain shift is analyzed through systematic comparisons across the nuScenes, adaScenes, and carlaScenes datasets. This reveals that synthetic-to-real differences significantly surpass the impact of LiDAR resolution shifts, underscoring profound discrepancies between simulated and real-world LiDAR point clouds. The thesis further addresses limitations in the default voxelization settings of the CenterPoint model by proposing adaptive voxelization techniques and structural enhancements, enhancing model adaptability across resolutions. Finally, it examines real-world datasets like nuScenes, highlighting their complexity and diversity as key factors in achieving robust model performance and improved generalization.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENTS : EXPLORING EMOTIONS, RESTORATIVENESS, AND SATISFACTION
Get PDFThesis (M.A.)--Michigan State University. Environmental Design - Master of Arts, 2025This study explores how varying levels of biophilic implementation can influence emotional and behavioral responses within residential interiors. A total of 150 complete survey responses were collected from participants who viewed digital images of an interior living space that displayed varying amounts of indoor plants (control, moderate, and intense). Participants provided self-reported responses regarding their emotions (pleasure and arousal), perceived restorativeness, satisfaction, and willingness to stay. Results showed that perceived levels of pleasure, restorativeness, satisfaction, and willingness to stay all increased with levels of greenery. Arousal peaked at the moderate level of greenery which suggests there is a threshold that is preferred by occupants. These findings support current literature on biophilic design and related theories such as the pleasure & arousal framework and attention restoration theory, and provide the opportunity to further understand the effects of biophilic practices on users\u2019 wellbeing and spatial preferences in residential environments.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMUNE BIOMARKERS IN A NOVEL MOUSE MODEL OF WHEAT GLUTENIN-INDUCED LIFE-THREATENING SYSTEMIC ANAPHYLAXIS
Get PDFThesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Food Science - Master of Science, 2025Glutenin-induced life-threatening systemic anaphylaxis (GILTSA) is a serious food safety and public health issue growing at an alarming rate in the United States of America. A novel adjuvant-free mouse model of GILTSA was developed by Dr. Gangur and colleagues at Michigan State University. This model was used to test the following hypothesis in this thesis work: GILTSA will be associated with substantial elevation of a selective set of organ-specific immune biomarkers in the small intestine, liver, heart and lungs. Organs collected from mice with GILTSA (n = 10) and from 3 groups of healthy mice (n = 10 per group) were used in the analysis. Tissue protein extracts were used in protein microarray analysis of 640 immune biomarkers. Differentially expressed immune biomarkers were identified. The immune biomarkers markers that were increased by 25-fold or higher in mice with GILTSA compared to the control groups were identified as the most critical signature immune biomarkers of GILTSA as follows: In the small intestine, 2 signature immune biomarkers were identified; in the liver, 6 signature immune biomarkers were identified; in the heart, 12 signature immune biomarkers were identified; and in the lungs, 5 signature immune biomarkers were identified. These signatures were associated with the following immune pathways: Th2 immune activation pathways, cytotoxic immune activation pathway, tissue repair/remodeling pathway, metabolic regulation pathway, vascular integrity pathway, and immune homeostasis pathways. Some of the signature immune biomarkers identified may have therapeutic potential in GILTSA. Findings from this study have advanced the molecular mechanisms of GILTSA. This approach may also be used to identify signature immune biomarkers in other types of food anaphylaxis.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHT SOURCE AND INTENSITY AND AIR AND ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE MORPHOLOGY, LEAF COLOR, ANTHOCYANIN AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF PETUNIA DURING ROOTING
Get PDFThesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Horticulture - Master of Science, 2025In Northern latitudes, commercial greenhouse growers utilize supplemental lighting (SL) and heating to offset low solar radiation, air average daily temperature (ADT), and root-zone temperature (RZT) during peak young-plant production. Growers have historically used high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps to deliver SL, but are transitioning to light-emitting diode (LED) fixtures mostly because of their improved energy efficacy. However, many growers have reported changes in crop morphology when cuttings of some species, especially petunia (Petunia
7hybrida), were grown under LEDs. The objectives of this study were to quantify how temperature and light influence the growth, nutrient content, and coloration of petunia. Shoot-tip cuttings of petunia SureShot \u2018Dark Blue\u2019 and \u2018White\u2019 were inserted into 72-cell trays and propagated inside a greenhouse at an air ADT of 21 or 23 \ub0C and with an RZT of 21 or 25 \ub0C. Cuttings were grown under SL delivered by HPS lamps or two types of LED fixtures proving different light qualities each at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 60 or 120 \u3bcmol\ub7m\u20132\ub7s\u20131 for the first 6 d, then 120 \u3bcmol\ub7m\u20132\ub7s\u20131 for the remaining 16 d. Cuttings of both cultivars grown at an air daily temperature (ADT) of 23 \ub0C often had greater stem length and shoot dry mass than cuttings grown at an air ADT of 21 \ub0C. Cuttings of both cultivars grown with a root-zone temperature (RZT) of 25 \ub0C typically had longer stems than those grown with an RZT of 21 \ub0C. Overall, cuttings of both cultivars propagated under LEDs had horticulturally-desirable attributes of shorter stems, greater root dry mass than those grown under HPS lamps. Additionally, cuttings of \u2018Dark Blue\u2019 grown under LEDs emitting a moderate amount of blue light had lower phosphorus content than those grown under HPS lamps. Overall, cuttings of both \u2018Dark Blue\u2019 propagated under LEDs had higher anthocyanin content in their leaves and were more red and blue than those grown under HPS lamps. The coloration and anthocyanin content of \u2018White\u2019 were generally unaffected. To determine how far-red (FR) light influences petunia morphology and coloration, and additional study was conducted. Shoot-tip cuttings of petunia SureShot \u2018Dark Blue\u2019 and \u2018White\u2019 were propagated in 72-cell trays inside glass-glazed greenhouses with a root-zone temperature (RZT) of 21 or 25 \ub0C. Cuttings were grown under sunlight supplemented by LEDs emitting a blue:green:red:far-red (B:G:R:FR) light ratio of either 10:7:82:1 (low G and FR) or 10:18:59:13 (moderate G and FR) at a total photon flux density (TPFD) of 70 or 120 \u3bcmol\ub7m\u20122\ub7s\u20121. Cuttings of both cultivars grown under LEDs emitting a higher R:FR ratio were generally more compact. Additionally, cuttings of both cultivars grown under a supplemental PFD of 70 \u3bcmol\ub7m\u20122\ub7s\u20121 were typically taller with thinner stem diameters than those grown under 120 \u3bcmol\ub7m\u20122\ub7s\u20121. Cuttings of \u2018Dark Blue\u2019 grown under a higher PFD were overall more red, more blue, and had higher total anthocyanin concentrations in their leaves than those under the lower PFD. Cuttings of \u2018White\u2019 grown with an RZT of 25 \ub0C were generally taller than those with an RZT of 21 \ub0C, whereas cuttings of \u2018Dark Blue\u2019 grown with higher RZT had overall lower anthocyanin concentrations in their leaves. Furthermore, cuttings of both cultivars had overall higher root-dry masses when grown with a higher RZT. These results indicate that suggest that the severity of foliage purpling developed during propagation under LEDs, while being cultivar dependent, is not related to the R:FR ratio of SL. In addition, pigment accumulation may be mitigated by root-zone heating or limiting the supplemental PFD (<120 \u3bcmol\ub7m\u20122\ub7s\u20121) during periods of low solar irradiance.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
ATTITUDES TOWARD AN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) INSTRUMENT APPLICABILITY IN OLDER ADULTS
Get PDFThesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Social Work - Doctor of Philosophy, 2025Contemporary society is quickly changing with digital and technology advancements. However, due to a lack of former experience and cognitive and physical challenges, older adults often fall into the digital divide, the gap between technology users and non-users. Such a gap exacerbates the already-existing disparities in health, information, financial, and social arenas older adults may experience. Therefore, understanding the factors promoting older adults to better use and understand technology became an important issue. Among different types of technology, this study focuses on information and communication technology (ICT) that plays a vital role in facilitating communication and interaction for older adults. While existing studies have explored factors influencing older adults' ICT use, including barriers, benefits, and usage patterns, limited research has focused specifically on their attitudes toward ICT. Attitudes are crucial in determining behavioral intentions and technology adoption, yet there is a lack of a standardized measurement for assessing older adults' perceptions of ICT. Most existing instruments focus on general technology or specific devices, such as computers, rather than ICT as a whole, and thereby miss the quickly changing digital landscape. This gap in research highlights the need for a more refined approach to understanding older adults' attitudes toward ICT. Therefore, this study aims to examine the applicability of attitudes toward ICT scale among the older adult population via reliability, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity, and concurrent validity tests. The scale chosen for the reliability and validity testing is 12 attitudinal items from the Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale (MTUAS) developed by Rosen et al. (2013). The scale consist of both affective and cognitive attitudes, was tested for reliability and validity, and was focused on technology, which is broad enough to be modified into ICT. Respondents to the current survey were 231 older adults in Michigan who are 65 years old or older, and able to read and answer the survey in English. MTUAS attitudes toward ICT scale showed good internal reliability. CFA results showed Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) above and equal to the cut-off line respectively, indicating a good fit, while Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) exceeded the cut-off line, indicating moderate fit. Convergent validity testing between MTUAS attitudes toward ICT scale and attitudes toward ICT semantic questions showed a moderate-to-strong relationship between the two constructs. Concurrent validity testing between MTUAS attitudes toward ICT scale and behavioral intention of using ICT questions showed a moderate relationship between the two constructs. The findings suggest that while the scale demonstrates a moderately good fit, some items showing low correlations in the correlation analysis highlight areas for improvement. Furthermore, convergent and concurrent validity testing suggests that certain items, particularly those measuring negative attitudes, require revision as they exhibited weak associations with the overall factor structure. This study highlights an additional research gap, as few existing questionnaires assess technology dependence in older adults. The results indicate that older adults can relate to technology dependence, not just in terms of technophobia but also in anxiety stemming from not being able to use technology. This demonstrates the need for further research into the affective and cognitive, as well as positive and negative dimensions of technology attitudes among older adult populations. This study contributes significantly to the understanding of older adults' attitudes toward ICT and emphasizes the need for more targeted research, policy improvements, and social work interventions to support older adults' evolving digital experiences.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references