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Reply to Bakker et al.: Assessing the Accuracy of the Scite Citation Classification System Requires the Same Definitions to be Used for Training as for Testing
Full text linkBakker, Theis-Mahon, and Brown1 recently presented an analysis of citations in scite.ai, a citation analysis platform. They concluded that the Scite algorithm inaccurately classified citations, particularly those they regarded as supporting previous work. While we strongly believe that independent assessments of Scite’s classifications are valuable, we argue that Bakker et al.’s assessment is incorrect, and that their conclusions are due to their definition of what constitutes supporting or contrasting citations. Additionally, Bakker, et al. restricted their analyses to citations of retracted works in systematic literature reviews, which artificially limits the types of statements that could be considered supporting or contrasting a specific claim. In our reply, we document the rationale for Scite’s classification scheme. We also provide examples of how Scite classifies different types of citations, as well as how these classifications differ from those presented in Bakker et al
Harmonizing Justice: Unraveling the Complexities of the European Arrest Warrant in the Pursuit of Cross-Border Security and Human Rights Protection
No full textThe Importance of Lived Experience in Improving Higher Education in Prison: Insights from a Community Advisory Board
Full text linkSince the recent expansion of higher education in prison (HEP) programs, correctional systems and universities have been working to optimize these programs to yield maximum impact. Collaborating with individuals with lived experience of incarceration and participation in higher education could provide valuable insights toward improving these programs. This paper reports on a community advisory board (CAB) of formerly incarcerated people, which set out to share ideas on improving higher education in prison based on their personal and shared experiences. These experiences and suggestions were grouped into themes outlined in this paper and accompanied by quotes from CAB members. Members described non-existent or negative relationships with schooling before incarceration. This lack of conversation, culture, or infrastructure for education continued into incarceration, though they recognized that school might have provided better opportunities for students and their families upon release. The board suggested that introducing a trusted, formerly incarcerated peer could help combat negative experiences with school, transition students into learning, and help them build the momentum to be self-sustaining in HEP. The novel insights generated by this CAB reflect the value of integrating lived experience in decision-making regarding HEP programs. 
The Need for Sport Social Workers in College Athletics
Full text linkCollege sports place significant pressure on student-athletes and necessitate the recognition and resolution of social, emotional, and environmental needs. To provide comprehensive support, the integration of social work professionals with sport expertise in college athletic departments is proposed. By encompassing mental health support, advocacy, and the resolution of challenges pertaining to well-being and identity, the application of social work principles provides student-athletes a well-rounded college athletic experience. Education and training for sport social workers are highlighted as crucial aspects for effectively navigating the complexities of college athletics. These specialized programs equip social workers with the necessary skills and knowledge to provide effective support to student-athletes. By considering their unique needs within the college context, sport social workers can contribute to the development and success of student-athletes. This article emphasizes the significance of addressing the well-being of student-athletes in college athletics through the integration of sport social work principles. In doing so, a supportive environment can be cultivated, promoting the student-athletes’ overall development and success. A focus on inclusivity and the application of social work principles in youth sports further highlights the broader impact that social work can have in addressing social issues
Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Stroke Severity in Northwest Indiana
Full text linkIntroduction:
Stroke significantly contributes to mortality and disability in the United States, yet geographical disparities exist across regions like Northwest Indiana, where stroke incidences and mortality rates are 2-4 times higher than the national average. Social and demographic determinants of health are known factors of stroke risk and outcomes. This study aims to investigate the associations between specific determinants and stroke severity of Stroke Center patients from Lake County, Indiana.
Methodology:
Data elements were extracted from patients hospitalized at Community Hospital, St. Mary’s Medical Center, and St. Catherine Hospital under Powers Health between January 2022 and May 2024. Data was recorded with the AHA’s GWTG Stroke Case Record Form. Our retrospective study conducted bivariate analysis, using R, on predictor variables of age, sex, race, Hispanic ethnicity, ZIP code, payment sources, and mode of arrival to the ordinal scores of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).
Results:
Analysis of 1563 patients, excluding non-residents and transfer patients, revealed notable variations in social and demographic characteristics. Patients from certain urban ZIP codes with comparatively lower median household incomes and secondary education attainment had higher, more severe, mean NIHSS and discharge mRS scores (p<0.05). When age-adjusted, Black patients had a 2.5 point higher mean initial and 1.9 point higher mean discharge NIHSS score than White patients (p<0.001, p<0.01). Patients with higher mean scores across all measures were those associated with using Medicare versus private insurance (p<0.0001) and those arriving to the hospital via EMS versus private transport (p<0.01).
Conclusions:
This research addresses the significance of surveying region-specific social determinants of health for its insight into clinical stroke care and future preventative and quality improvement initiatives. Implementation of interventions and policies can mitigate disparities and impact overall stroke management and prevention strategies.  
Pediatric Histoplasmosis in the Midwest: A Retrospective Chart Review
Full text linkBackground:Histoplasma capsulatum is the most prevalent endemic mycosis in North America, particularly in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys. Disease severity ranges from asymptomatic to life-threatening, with up to 90% of residents in endemic areas exposed to H. capsulatum. While Histoplasmosis in adults is well-studied, pediatric data are limited. This study aims to elucidate the disease course, health outcomes, diagnosis, and epidemiology of Histoplasmosis in children through a retrospective chart review, intending to enhance diagnosis and recognition in this population. Future research will investigate whether the enzyme immunoassay antibody test is more sensitive than other modalities for pediatric diagnosis.
Methods:We retrospectively reviewed charts of pediatric patients (≤18 years old) diagnosed with Histoplasmosis at IU Health-affiliated centers between 2010 and 2021 (n=100). Data on Histoplasma testing (antibody, antigen, histopathology, cytology), epidemiology, clinical manifestations, outcomes, treatment course, and immune status were collected. Chi-squared tests were used to determine relationships between categorical variables in our preliminary analysis. In the future, we will ascertain the sensitivity for each testing modality and conduct more comprehensive analyses of the clinical data.
Results:Preliminary findings illustrate the demographics and clinical manifestations of pediatric Histoplasmosis, identifying cough, fever, and headache as the most common symptoms, with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy being the predominant lymphatic manifestations. The liver and spleen were the primary sites of extrapulmonary dissemination. Chi-squared analysis confirmed our sample’s representativeness of the Indiana population in terms of race, ethnicity, and residence. Interestingly, a relationship between gender and disease severity/classification emerged, necessitating further investigation.
Potential Impact:Our understanding of adult Histoplasmosis is extensive, but limited data in the pediatric population has led to a lack of pediatric-specific protocols. This study, comprising the largest cohort of pediatric histoplasmosis cases in the US, aims to expand our knowledge to improve early recognition and diagnosis of pediatric Histoplasmosis