EANSO East African Nature and Science Organization Journals
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The Contributions of Community-Based Rehabilitation Services on Inclusive Education in Secondary Schools that Enrol Learners with Hearing Impairment in Tanzania
Full text linkThis study aimed to examine how Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) services contribute to inclusive education in secondary schools that enrol learners with hearing impairment in Tanzania. The study is guided by the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework and grounded in a constructivist paradigm, which supported a qualitative, exploratory case-study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document reviews with a criterion purposive sample of 27 participants (8 teachers, 3 officials from voluntary organisations, and 16 learners with hearing impairments). Individual interviews were conducted with teachers and voluntary organisation officials, while learners with hearing impairments participated in a focus group discussion. Interview and focus group data were analysed using thematic analysis, followed by content analysis of the reviewed documents and observations. Findings indicated that CBR services facilitate teaching processes, increase engagement and participation, training of teachers in inclusive teaching practices, and enhance the academic performance of learners with hearing impairment in their national examinations. The study offered several recommendations: The study drew several recommendations, first, the government to consider continuity of services for learners with hearing impairment once the community-based rehabilitation project is over. Second, teachers embrace the Universal Design of Learning principles of representation, engagement, and expression to meet the learning needs of all learners in inclusive schools. Third, voluntary organisations adopt a bottom-up approach, from planning to implementation. Finally, the study suggests that future research could adopt a pragmatist paradigm and mixed methods to combine qualitative insights with quantitative data, thereby informing government policies on inclusive education more effectively
Silver Nanoparticle Elecrocatalyst Embedded onto Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes for Degradation of Azo Dyes
Full text linkThe research was conducted to establish the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles embedded in indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film conducting material in causing the textile azo dye effluent degradation. The percentages of azo dye degradation were as follows: 68.4%, 72.5% and 93.1% using electrocoagulation, ITO and ITO-AgNPs coupled electrodes, respectively. The results obtained from the two-factor ANOVA with replication indicated a significant difference (p = 0.0024) when the silver nanoparticles embedded on indium tin oxide electrodes were utilised in the degradation of these azo dyes in the effluent samples. The colour removal was 99.97% showing that the optimised process was effective and efficient in the degradation of these azo dyes in the textile wastewaters
Kenya Coastal and Marine Tourism Resilience: A Victim of Resource Curse Dynamics?
Full text linkDespite abundant coastal and marine tourism resources in Kenya, the country’s coastal tourism sector has experienced stagnation and vulnerability – a paradox of plenty reminiscent of a “resource curse.” This study investigates whether Kenya’s coastal tourism has fallen victim to resource curse dynamics and identifies pathways to enhance the sector’s resilience. A qualitative case study approach is employed, drawing on analysis of secondary data (policy documents, tourism statistics, and scholarly literature) to examine how factors such as governance quality, rent-seeking and elite capture, Dutch Disease effects, and institutional fragility mediate the relationship between resource abundance and tourism performance. The findings reveal that weak governance, concentrated benefits among elites, neglect of complementary sectors, and fragmented institutions have impeded inclusive and sustainable growth, echoing patterns observed in classic natural resource curse scenarios. These dynamics undermine the region’s competitiveness and resilience to shocks. To counter this “tourism resource curse,” the study recommends strengthening multi-level governance and accountability, diversifying tourism products and linkages, investing in local human capital, and safeguarding environmental assets. Implementing these transformative strategies is critical for converting coastal Kenya’s rich marine and cultural endowments into broad-based prosperity and sustainable development within the Blue Economy framework
Arki za Utaifa wa Jamii ya Akamba
Full text linkUtaifa wa kijamii hujitokeza katika tanzu mbalimbali za sanaa. Wanadamu hutumia fasihi yao kuendeleza utaifa wa kijamii ili kuelezea asili yao, changamoto zinazowakabili, maadili ya kijamii, maono na ushindi wao. Lengo la utafiti huu lilikuwa kuchunguza jinsi nyimbo pendwa za mwanamuziki Ken wa Maria zinavyoendeleza utaifa wa jamii ya Akamba. Madhumuni ya utafiti huu yalikuwa kuchunguza arki za utaifa wa jamii ya Akamba katika nyimbo pendwa teule za Ken wa Maria. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Utaifa iliyoasisiwa na David Smith. Nadharia ya Utaifa hueleza kwamba ili utaifa wa jamii uwepo lazima jamii hiyo iweze kumiliki utamaduni mmoja, lugha, imani ya dini na historia. Mihimili ya nadharia hii ndiyo iliyoelekeza utafiti huu wakati wa kukusanya, kuchanganua na kuwasilisha data kwa kuzingatia madhumuni ya utafiti. Muundo wa utafiti huu ni muundo elezi. Utafiti huu ulifanyiwa katika maktaba ili kupata data. Sampuli ya kimakusudi ilitumika ili kupata nyimbo 24 ambazo zilipakuliwa kutoka mtandao wa YouTube na Mdundo.com. Nyimbo hizi zilitafsiriwa katika lugha ya Kiswahili kisha kuchanganuliwa ili kubainisha arki za utaifa wa jamii ya Akamba. Data ilichanganuliwa na matokeo yake kufafanuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu ya kimaelezo. Uwasilishaji wa data ya utafiti ulifanywa kwa njia ya kimaelezo. Utafiti huu ulibaini kwamba kunazo arki za utaifa katika nyimbo pendwa za Ken wa Maria kama vile utambulisho wa kiuana na kijamii, utamaduni, historia na ikolojia. Utafiti zaidi unaweza kufanywa kuhusiana na mada hii hasa jinsi wasanii wengine kutoka jamii ya Akamba wanavyotalii suala la ujenzi wa utaifa wa jami
Sifa Bainifu za Futuhitandao katika Kukabiliana na Afya ya Akili Miongoni mwa Wakenya
Full text linkFutuhi imetumika pakubwa katika vyombo vya habari kama vile televisheni na redioni kufurahisha na kuwachekesha watazamaji na wasikilizaji. Hata hivyo, katika siku za hivi karibuni, futuhi imechukua mkondo tofauti katika uwasilishaji wake. Hii ni kwa sababu ya teknolojia ya kisasa. Kulikuwa na haja ya kuchunguza zaidi kuhusu futuhi katika mitandao ya kijamii na afya ya akili miongoni mwa Wakenya, hii ni kwa sababu suala la afya ya akili limeendelea kuwa suala nyeti nchini Kenya. Makala haya yalilenga hasa kudhihirisha sifa bainifu za kisanaa kwenye futuhitandao zinazokabiliana na masuala ya afya ya akili. Mitandao ya kijamii iliyohusishwa ni Facebook, Twitter na YouTube. Utafiti uliongozwa na nadharia ya umitindo iliyoasisiwa na Jacobson na Murry. Usampulishaji wa kimakusudi na kinasibu zilitumiwa ili kupata data. Data kuhusu futuhitandao ilikusanywa kwa mbinu ya Uchanganuzi wa Yaliyomo. Data iliwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo ya kiufafanuzi. Sifa zilizobainika za futuhitandao ni pamoja na: Futuhitandao huashiria unyume (antonimia), huzingatia itikadi za kijamii, huwasilisha ujumbe mzito kwa njia ya moja kwa moja, husheheni takriri, kejeli, huwasilishwa kwa njia ya moja kwa moja, hujaa chuku, kinaya na mwendo wake huwa wa kasi. Makala haya yalipendekeza kwamba haja ipo ya kuchunguza aina nyinginezo za maigizo tofauti na futuhitandao katika kukabiliana na afya ya akili miongoni mwa Wakenya. Pili, ni vyema afya ya akili miongoni mwa Wakenya katika tanzu nyingine za fasihi pepe kama vile nyimbo, filamu na vipindi vya runinga kwa kurejelea suala la dawa za kulevya. Mwishowe, ni muhimu kukabiliana kwa suala la afya ya akili pia urejelewe kwa aina nyinginezo za maigizo mbali na futuhitanda
Adaptive Strategies for Enhancing Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Productivity in Response to Climate Variability in Kericho County
Full text linkIndigenous foods have salient socio-cultural significance among many communities in Africa. In Kenya, certain food crops are essential for cultural ceremonial functions. However, the food crops are relatively under threat in their availability due to climate change impacts and development. The purpose of this study was to establish the adaptive strategies that Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) farmers have adopted in response to climate variability effects in Kericho County. The R- programming language statistical package was used to analyse qualitative data. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) statistical tool was used to analyse the quantitative data obtained. Trend analysis from the focus groups was chronicled by notes taking and analysed using the NVIVO analytical tool, which analysed both qualitative and quantitative data. Results were discussed and presented in charts, tables and graphs. The findings showed a significant impact of extreme temperature and rainfall changes on finger millet productivity. The responses were tested by adopting statistical significance of p≤0.05 where p-value = 0.041 and <0.05 at 95% confidence level, Precipitation/Rainfall has a positive significant impact on finger millet productivity. Also, p-value = 0.027 for Average Temperature implies there is statistical significance. The study also revealed that adaptative strategies have a significant positive effect on finger millet productivity. Strategies established include the use of certified and weather tolerant varieties, working in groups to ease the intense finger millet management processes, use of agrochemicals to manage pests and diseases, intercropping and crop rotation, adopting and utilizing weather forecasting information and writing proposals to the ministry of agriculture for support. Research institutes such as Kenya Agricultural and Livestock and Research Organization should breed climate-tolerant varieties and farmers to adopt strategies such as changing planting seasons and adopting two planting seasons in a year to increase yields. Farmers could adopt drip irrigation during the dry seasons. The risk of floods could be managed by intercropping finger millet with stronger crops such as maize. Large finger millet farms could use new technology/ machines in finger millet management as this requires fewer human resources. The study recommends that farmers should consider buying insurance covers to take care of climatic extremes risks
Emotional Deprivation and Alcohol Abuse as Predictors of Dating Violence Among Young Adults in Lagos State
Full text linkDating violence is a significant public health concern, particularly among youths, where emotional and behavioural factors may contribute to the escalation of such behaviours. This cross-sectional study investigates the influence of emotional regulation and alcohol abuse as well as sex on dating violence among young adults in Lagos State, using a sample of 486 participants. It was hypothesized that young adults who are male will be more likely to engage in dating violence than females and emotional deprivation and alcohol abuse will have an independent and joint influence on dating violence among young adults. The results revealed a significant influence of sex on dating violence (t = 3.197; df (485); p <.05). Furthermore, male young adults were more likely to engage in dating violence than their counterparts. Additionally, alcohol abuse was found to have both independent and joint predictive effects with emotional deprivation on dating violence (R² = .310, F (2,484) = 108.49, p < .05). The study suggested that parents and caregivers should consciously pay attention to both the physical and emotional needs of children. The study also advocates for comprehensive programs by governmental and non-governmental organizations to prevent and minimize alcohol abuse among young adults in Lagos state and for those experiencing dating violence, the study encourages seeking help and speaking out, emphasizing that victims are not to blame and that support is available. Additionally, perpetrators of dating violence are encouraged to seek help to improve their behaviou
Moral Foundations of Peace-building Initiatives: A Philosophical Approach to the Search for Sustainable Peace in Africa
Full text linkPeace-building initiatives in Africa are deliberate political measures aimed at securing and restoring lasting and sustainable peace in the continent and beyond. Peace, in a more loose sense, is ordinarily interpreted to mean the absence of war or conflict of any kind. States and governments have political obligations to ensure that their citizens are secure and enjoy peace at all times. The critical question is whether peace can be imposed on the people, i.e., from external forces. That notwithstanding, peace must be understood in a twofold sense. First, it refers to peace of the individual that is necessitated by the harmony between the two faculties of the mind, the intellect and the will. Second, the term “peace” refers to harmonious co-existence in society, without war or conflict of any kind; and this underscores the fact that man is a social being, a being with others. In the former sense, one is at peace with oneself when they conduct themselves in accordance to the dictates of reason whereas, in the latter sense, one is (said to be) at peace if they are not in conflict with others. It is in this latter sense that we are making a reflection of the peace initiatives in Africa, given that Africa is characterised by conflicts among countries or tribes within a country. This paper is an attempt to interrogate peace at the level of the individual and peace at the level of the community vis-à-vis tribes and nations in view of finding a solution to the problem of political instability in Africa, which in turn jeopardizes economic prosperity in a continent blessed with enormous resources. The paper argues that acting in respect of the moral law, the only law of humanity, and from which all other laws ensue, is the only way peace among individuals, tribes and nations shall prevail since this entails duties and obligations for every individual; a situation where the inner self is congruent with the outer sel
Influence of Educational Management Information System (EMIS) on the Administration of Public Senior High Schools in the Tamale Metropolis
Full text linkThis research project sets out to examine the influences of the educational management information system (EMIS) on school administration in some selected public senior high schools in the Tamale Metropolis. The study employed quantitative descriptive research designs. A convenient sampling technique was used to select the 241 sample members to participate in the data collection process. Questionnaires in the form of open-ended questions were used to collect quantitative data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis. The descriptive statistics revealed that both teaching and non-teaching staff of secondary schools had been trained in EMIS. It was also revealed that a high percentage of teachers (222, 92.1%) believed attendance at the training on EMIS was encouraging and positive. The study also found that a greater number of the respondents (217, 90.0%) agreed that facilitators had the necessary knowledge of EMIS. The study also revealed that 190 teachers (78.8%) agreed that all the relevant logistics for EMIS training were available. Again, it was found that a greater number of the teachers (189, 78.4%) agreed that after the training, most of the staff in the schools use EMIS for record-keeping. Additionally, the results in Table 5 reveal a significant statistical relationship between training of staff on the Education Management Information System (EMIS) and subsequent usage of EMIS by teachers. The chi-square statistic χ² (12, N=241) = 186.02 indicates a strong relationship at the 1% level of significance. Again, there is inadequate data processing and quick decision-making because of the ineffectiveness of EMIS implementations. It is recommended that school heads should work with the Ghana Education Service to create awareness among teachers and administrators about the existence of EMIS through trainin
The Influence of Religious Institutions’ Initiatives on Graduates Employability: A Case of the Christian Council of Tanzania (CCT) Chaplaincies
Full text linkGraduate employability is a persistent challenge globally. Tanzania among the developing countries has been affected, despite numerous efforts by the government and other stakeholders, including religious institutions. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of religious institutions’ initiatives on graduate employability in Tanzania. Using the Christian Council of Tanzania (CCT) chaplaincies as a case study. Cross-sectional survey, a total of 160 respondents were obtained, including four leaders from the CCT head office, four Chaplains from CCT chaplaincies and finalist students from the Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP), University of Dodoma (UDOM), Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), and Mzumbe University (MU). Primary data were collected from key informants through interviews using a checklist of questions, and from a sample of finalist students through a structured questionnaire survey. The findings revealed a significant role played by religious institutions. The CCT’s role was manifested through chaplaincies’ activities such as communication, entrepreneurship training, and seminars. The study concludes that while religious institutions enhance employability through the development of essential soft skills and entrepreneurial abilities, these initiatives alone are insufficient to directly influence employability outcomes. The study recommends that the CCT head office and Chaplaincies should establish a specific desk or unit which among other functions will identify soft skills that limit the graduate employability and develop programmes to provide such skills in the course of the students’ training across all chaplaincies at higher learning institutions as they continue to attend CCT programmes