EANSO East African Nature and Science Organization Journals
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Employment Expectations of Final-Year Undergraduates at Private Universities: Challenges and Opportunities - A Case Study of Saint Thomas University of Mozambique
Get PDFThe present research investigates the employability expectations of graduates from Saint Thomas University of Mozambique (USTM). It aims to analyze the extent to which these expectations align with the current conditions of the Mozambican labour market. The study employed qualitative research, and a case study design was adopted. Fifty participants, including students and faculty members, were engaged in this study and gathered input from employers to understand the challenges and opportunities graduates face. The researcher selected 30 students, 15 lecturers, and five employers using random sampling techniques. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The data were then analyzed using Nvivo software to generate codes and themes. The results indicated a significant gap between what graduates expect from USTM and the available employment opportunities. Among the issues identified by employers was skill mismatch, while graduates in Mozambique expressed frustration about limited internship opportunities and competitiveness in the job market. The study also identifies resource constraints and inadequate industry collaboration as systemic issues in private universities. Regarding their students' readiness for employment, this study recommends incorporating practical training into academic programs, strengthening partnerships between private universities and employers, enhancing career counselling, and promoting entrepreneurship as a viable career option. This research contributes to the broader debate on employability in Mozambique while providing insights for policymakers, educators, and industry leaders to create a more inclusive and effective pathway to employment for university graduate
Accelerating African Languages Development through Strategic Improvement of Publishing Landscape: Lessons from Luganda Language Realities
Get PDFDespite concerted efforts by the African Union and the Independent African States to develop African Languages to the extent of becoming Instructional Languages in schools, there are still gaps which need to be addressed to reach that level. One of the gaps which require strategic intervention is in publishing more literature in the respective African Languages. From this perspective, African countries need to learn from each other and, most importantly to share experiences. In Uganda, the Luganda Language has taken a step in using Luganda in schools and also in publishing. This status quo should be learned by other African languages to support their development. In this paper, we try to discuss factors which have been central in elevating the Luganda Language through publishing. The study used a descriptive research design, thereby analyzing the status, challenges and opportunities of publishing in African languages, using Luganda as a case. We observed that in order to increase public awareness of the use of African languages which leads to increased demand for publishing in them, policymakers should support the use of African languages in the education sector. We conclude that the Luganda language could be used to benchmark how African people could be supported to write and publish in their language
Transformation from Neoclassicism to Austrian School: Javier Mileis Economic Evolution
Get PDFUnder President Javier Milei, Argentina's economic policies have drastically changed, shifting from neoclassical concepts to an Austrian School-inspired libertarian framework. His administration has placed a high priority on deregulation, fiscal restraint, and monetary stability in an effort to reduce government intervention and combat inflation. The economic, social, and political effects of Milei's actions during his first one-and-a-half years in power are evaluated in this paper, along with views from across the world and the viability of implementing his strategy in Germany. This study uses a mixed-methods approach, using quantitative data (inflation, GDP, unemployment rates, and fiscal balances), secondary literature (economic analysis, political commentary), and primary sources (government programs, Milei's speeches). According to the results, Milei's measures have been effective in lowering inflation, which by October 2024 had dropped from 211% in 2023 to a monthly rate of 2.7%. The social consequences of quick fiscal consolidation are reflected in the fact that these changes have also resulted in an economic recession (GDP -4%), increased unemployment (8%), and a rise in poverty (53%). Reactions to Milei's policies have been divided on a global scale. Keynesian critics warn of economic stagnation and growing inequality, while Austrian and libertarian economists praise his deregulation and fiscal restraint. In terms of transferability, Germany's robust social market economy and institutional protections make full-scale adoption of free-market ideas impossible, even though some of them may be modified there. Future research should look at the long-term impact of Milei's changes and their applicability in various economic circumstances since the study concludes that his initiatives provide both potential and risks and serve as a test case for extreme fiscal conservatis
The Role of Value-Added Tax Revenue on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Tanzania
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to examine the role of Value Added Tax (VAT) on the nominal GDP in Tanzania. The study adopted ontology philosophy and quantitative descriptive design. This study used only secondary data which was collected from the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) and Bank of Tanzania financial stability reports for the period of 2015 to 2022. The data was analyzed quantitatively through descriptive statistics and linear regression. The study findings revealed that the VAT revenue collected by TRA has a significant contribution to the growth of the country’s GDP. When VAT increases by 1 unit, the nominal GDP increases by 9.56348 units and the P- value is less than 5% which indicates statistical significance. The regression results are supported by the descriptive statistics whereby, from 2015 to 2022, domestic VAT and Import VAT were increasing at an increasing rate. This study recommends that the Tanzania Revenue Authority should take all necessary measures to reasonably reduce the VAT rate from 18% to promote the production and supply of goods and services in the market by the existing manufacturers since such a reduction of VAT rate will lead to the reduction of production costs. The reduction of the VAT rate may also lead to an increase in the rate of voluntary tax compliance and a decrease in the prices of goods and services that ultimately boost the consumption of goods and services in the economy. It is further recommended to the government of Tanzania, specifically, the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment to improve and further promote its investment policies to attract Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) into the manufacturing sector since VAT is an input tax and it is charged into the value addition of products during different phases of manufacturing. Thus, growth of the manufacturing sector in the country will mean growth of VAT revenue collections and ultimately GDP growt
Analyzing Government Economic Policy's Effect on Security Sector Reforms and Economic Stability in South Sudan
Get PDFAlthough the importance of Security Sector Reform (SSR) in stabilizing post-conflict societies is widely recognized, current literature highlights a significant gap in comprehending the interactions among financial accessibility, SSR, and economic development in South Sudan. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of government economic policy on security sector reforms and economic stability in South Sudan. The study was anchored on the following theoretical framework: Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Peacebuilding, Conflict Theory, Human Security and Copenhagen School of Security Studies. The study adopted a pragmatic research paradigm and employed a mixed-methods research approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis techniques. The target population consisted of 27,570 respondents drawn from ex-combatants who participated in reintegration programs, security sector personnel involved in SSR initiatives, and key stakeholders. The sample size of 395 was determined using Yamane's formula which was rounded up to 450 to account for non-responsive, distributed as 250 ex-combatants, 150 security sector personnel, and 50 key stakeholders. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, interview guide, focus group discussion and document analysis guide. Data collected from the respondents was coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 26. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between government economic policy and social service sector reforms, with economic policies explaining 57.2% of the variability in SSR outcomes (R² = 0.572). ANOVA results indicate a highly significant model (F-value of 530.234, p < 0.001), and the regression analysis shows a government economic policy coefficient of 0.712 and beta (β) of 0.756, both statistically significant (p < 0.001). These results highlight the crucial role of effective economic policies in enhancing SSR performance, supporting the assertion that sound economic policies are essential for successful security reforms in resource-limited contexts. The study concludes that a significant positive relationship exists between government economic policy and security sector reform (SSR), with economic policies explaining 57.2% of the variance in SSR outcomes, indicating their crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of security reforms. Recommendations emphasize the need for policymakers to align economic strategies with SSR objectives, tailor policies to specific socio-economic contexts, strengthen public financial management for improved accountability, and foster inter-agency collaboration. Additionally, theoretical models should reflect the economic-security nexus, while practice should incorporate monitoring and stakeholder engagement. The Ministry should establish a dedicated task force for better alignment, enhance data capabilities for evidence-based decisions, and promote public understanding of the economic-security link, alongside collaboration with international partners to share best practice
The Moderating Effect of Business Support Services on the Relationship Between Group Identification and Women’s Economic Empowerment
Get PDFThis study investigated the moderating effect of Business Support Services on the relationship between Group Identification and Women's Economic Empowerment. The study participants were drawn from women groups under PEWOSA. The data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, documentary reviews and focus group discussions. The study used structural equation modelling techniques to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data is analyzed thematically. The study findings revealed that group identification improves women's economic empowerment. Business support services positively impact women's economic empowerment. The interaction effect showed that whereas combining group identification with training improves women's economic empowerment, it may not lead to better results if group identification is combined with supervision. It is recommended that activities that bring women together be strengthened, tailor training activities and the supervisory function be strengthene
Influence of Investment in Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) Technologies on Employment in Tanzania Manufacturing Sector
Get PDFThe study assessed the influence of investment in 4IR technologies on employment in the manufacturing sector in Tanzania. Specifically, the study set out to establish the relationship and causality of investment in 4IR technologies on employment in the manufacturing sector. To achieve the research objectives, the study used a quantitative descriptive design to generate the required data. Moreover, the study used structured questionnaires for the cross-sectional survey, administered with 225 production managers of manufacturing industries in Tanzania. It used probability sampling in the form of cluster sampling. Additionally, the study used Pearson correlation and Ordinary Least Square methods to analyse the objectives of the study. This study has also revealed a strong positive correlation between investment in 4IR technologies and employment in the manufacturing sector. Further findings revealed a statistically significant causal effect between investment in 4IR technologies and manufacturing firms’ employment, whereby, when manufacturing firms increase investment in 4IR technologies by 1 unit, the employment level increases by 3.13 units. These findings are supported by the two-way graph, which portrays growth in employment level in the Tanzanian manufacturing sector as investment in industry 4.0 technologies increases. This study recommends that the government of Tanzania prioritise and invest further in technologically supportive infrastructure and enhance technical education for skills matching to fully embrace and harness the benefits of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It further recommends that the Tanzanian Government review and improve its Sustainable Industrial Development Policy of 2020 and the Integrated Industrial Development Strategy of 2025 to promote and support not only resource-based industries, but also technology-based industries, to speed up industrialisation and employment within the country. The government should also improve its investment policies by aligning them with technological changes brought by 4IR, to attract more foreign direct investments (FDIs) that accelerate importation, adoption and imitation of 4IR technologies from developed countries for furtherance of industrialisation within the countr
Operational Efficiency of Internal Controls in Enhancing the Financial Performance of Bakeries in Kabale District
Get PDFThe study aimed to investigate the impact of internal controls on the financial performance of Kijuguta Bakery, particularly focusing on the effectiveness of quality control tools in enhancing sales performance and the relationship between independent checks and financial outcomes. Utilizing a descriptive research design that combined both qualitative and quantitative approaches, data was gathered through questionnaires and interviews from 132 participants selected via simple random and purposive sampling methods. The results showed that 76% of respondents agreed that improved decision-making led to the provision of quality products, while 14% were unsure and 10% disagreed. This indicates that the majority recognized the positive influence of better decision-making on product quality. A significant relationship between product quality and sales performance was identified, with a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.853) and a p-value of 0.00, showing that product quality strongly influences sales. The study suggests that Kijuguta Bakery can further enhance financial performance by implementing clear policies and procedures for segregating duties among staf
Unveiling the Interlinkages Among Population Growth, Gross Capital Formation, Technological Progress, and Economic Growth in Tanzania
Get PDFThe drivers of economic growth in developing countries remain a subject of ongoing debate. While rapid population growth is sometimes seen as expanding the labour force and market size, it is also argued to strain resources and infrastructure. Meanwhile, capital accumulation and technological progress are widely recognised as key to sustainable growth. This study examines these dynamics in Tanzania using the Solow-Swan growth model and annual data from 1974 to 2023. Applying Johansen cointegration, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Granger causality tests, the findings reveal that population growth negatively impacts economic growth (GDP) in the long run (-5.589, p < 0.01). In contrast, gross capital formation (1.092, p < 0.01) and technological progress (5.711, p < 0.01) significantly promote economic growth. The error correction term (–0.514, p < 0.01) indicates GDP adjusts toward long-run equilibrium at a speed of 51.4% annually. Granger causality tests reveal bidirectional causality between GDP and population growth, and unidirectional causality from capital formation and population growth to GDP. Although technological progress has a negative short-term effect (p < 0.1), its long-term impact is strongly positive (p<0.01), indicating transitional adjustments. The study confirms the relevance of the Solow-Swan model for Tanzania and underscores the importance of capital investment, technological innovation, and demographic management. These findings provide policy insights to foster sustainable growth by promoting productive investment, advancing technology, and managing population growth effectively in Tanzania and similar developing economies
Mbinu Zinazozingatiwa katika Kutumikiza Filamu Kufunzia Sarufi ili Kuimarisha Matokeo ya Mtihani wa Kiswahili katika Shule za upili, Nchini Kenya
Get PDFMakala haya yalinuia kutafitia mbinu zilizotumikizwa na walimu katika kutumikiza filamu kufunzia Kiswahili sarufi kwa wanafunzi wa shule za upili. Ni jukumu la walimu kubuni mazingira halisi yanayowawezesha wanafunzi kujifunza sarufi kwa njia inayoweza kuimarisha utendaji wao. Ni kauli iliyopelekea makala haya kuchunguza mbinu ambazo walimu walizingatia katika kutumia filamu darasani kufunzia lugha. Utafiti huu ulijikita katika eneo gatuzi la Nyeri, gatuzi ndogo la Mukurweini lililo na shule za upili thelathini na nne. Sampuli za utafiti zilikuwa ni wanafunzi wa kidato cha tatu katika shule zilizolengwa na walimu waliofunza Kiswahili sarufi katika shule hizo. Sampuli ziliteuliwa kimakusudi. Watafiti walitumia mbinu ya nusu mjarabu ambapo kuliteuliwa makundi mawili yaani kundi dhabiti na kundi dhibiti. Vilevile mbinu ya uchunzaji na hojaji zilitumikizwa katika kuchunguza mbinu zilizotumiwa na walimu katika mchakato wa kutumia filamu darasani kufunzia sarufi ili kuimarisha matokeo ya mtihani wa Kiswahili hasa katika karatasi ya pili inaojulikana kama matumizi ya lugha. Data ya utafiti ilikusanywa kisha ikachanganuliwa na kuwasilishwa kupitia njia anuwai kama vile maelezo na grafu. Matokeo ya utafiti yaliashiria kwamba ili kufanikisha matumizi ya filamu katika kufunzia sarufi darasani sharti utaratibu maalumu uzingatiwe. Pia, ilibainika wazi kwamba matumizi ya filamu yalihitaji kuabatanishwa na mbinu tofauti katika kufunzia sarufi ili kuafikia malengo ya kipindi maalumu. Hata hivyo, asilimia sabini na tano ya walimu katika utafiti huu walikubatia mbinu mbili kuu zikiwemo kutazama filamu na mazoezi kwa wanafunzi baada ya kutazama.Hivyo, kuibua haja ya wizara ya elimu kubuni mwongozo wa kutumikiza filamu darasani katika kufunzia sarufi ya Kiswahil