EANSO East African Nature and Science Organization Journals
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Community Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence Against Married Men in Urban Tanzania: A Case of Arusha City Council
Get PDFThe study investigated community perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV) against married men in Arusha City Council, Tanzania. Despite growing recognition of male victimisation in global discourse, IPV against men remains underreported and socially unacknowledged due to cultural norms, rigid masculinity expectations, and institutional neglect. Using a mixed-methods approach involving surveys and key informant interviews, the study revealed that over half of respondents demonstrated no awareness of IPV against men, while only 9% exhibited high perception levels. Qualitative data further highlight widespread stigma, ridicule, and a lack of institutional preparedness to support male survivors. Gender Role Theory provides the analytical lens for understanding these dynamics, revealing how deeply ingrained gender norms hinder recognition and response to male victimisation. The findings underscore the urgent need for gender inclusive policies, public awareness campaigns, and support services that address IPV in all its forms, ensuring protection and dignity for all survivors regardless of gende
Resources Allocation and Teachers' Professional Development in Kenya
Get PDFStrategic resource allocation for teachers’ professional development is a crucial initiative in enhancing the quality in Kenya. The Teachers Service Commission (TSC) and Ministry of Education initiative to enhance teachers’ capacity through mentorship, coaching, and TPD modules training programmes remains poorly implemented and underfunded, hindering continuous capacity building for teachers. This paper investigates the relationship between resource allocation and quality of professional development programmes and examines how resource availability affects teachers’ involvement in continuous professional development activities. A descriptive survey design was utilised. The study population was 241 teachers, 91 school administrators, and 29 Subcounty directors of education who were sampled using simple random sampling to come up with a sample of 186 teachers and 28 school administrators, and 13 Subcounty Directors of Education from both rural and urban settings. Data was obtained using questionnaires. Quantitative data were analysed using inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and chi-square test). The findings were presented in the form of tables. Findings indicate a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.72, p < 0.01) between resource allocation and the quality of professional development programmes. In addition, the findings revealed that inadequate funding, insufficient time allocation, and a lack of sufficient ICT resources were common challenges to effective teachers’ professional development through mentorship, coaching, and capacity building workshops. Strategic resource allocation determines both the participation levels and the quality of teachers’ professional development in Kenya. Where resources are strategically and appropriately allocated, professional development is more structured and effective. The study recommends allocation of resources based on a needs assessment to ensure equitable support to schools in rural and marginalised areas where opportunities for professional development are often limited. The Ministry of Education, through the Teachers Service Commission (TSC), should set aside budgets to support participation of teachers in professional development by covering travel expenses and materials. Additionally, teachers should actively be consulted in the planning and decision-making process regarding the allocation of resources to ensure relevance and ownership
Community Engagement on Implementation of Standard Gauge Railway Project at Morogoro – Makutupora Segment, Tanzania
Get PDFCommunity engagement is an important pillar for local governance. The government is responsible for involving people in making decisions that directly affect their own daily lives. In turn, this influences the implementation of decisions made to become easier. The study focused on examining community engagement in the implementation of the SGR project, especially the Lot II from the Morogoro to Makutupora segment. Stakeholders’ theory and Arnstein's theory were used to guide the study. The qualitative approach was used; a sample of 30 respondents was used. The data were collected through the focus group discussion (FGD) method, and content analysis was used to analyse the collected data. The engagement of the community in the SGR project was through the provision of manpower; conducting business activities that benefited people who are working in SGR camps, engaging in guarding and ensuring the security of SGR properties and their people, and providing land. The study concludes that community engagement in decision-making creates motivation for the community. There are different perspectives of community engagement, like social perspective, System perspective, Individual perspective, and visual perspective. The study recommends that there is a need for the government to ensure constant engagement of the community in whatever kind of project is undertaken in the respective community, regardless of the size, nature, and impact of that particular project. This can be done through inclusivity of all the affected people, by putting in place a mechanism that will reach out to various groups within the community, and ensure their views are considered and taken on board during the entire process of decision-making
Impact of Agricultural Financial Services Accessibility on the Adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices among Smallholder Farmers in Mwingi West Sub-County, Kitui County, Kenya
Get PDFClimate change poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity and food security in Kenya, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where smallholder farmers depend on rain-fed agriculture. Increased climate variability, characterised by erratic rainfall and rising temperatures, has undermined rural livelihoods and exposed limited adaptive capacity. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) offers a promising path to resilience, but its adoption is heavily influenced by access to agricultural finance, a persistent challenge for rural farmers. This study examined how access to financial services affects CSA adoption among smallholder farmers in Mwingi West Sub-county, Kitui County, Kenya. Key factors analysed included financial awareness, credit access, proximity to financial institutions, group membership, and barriers to service utilisation. CSA practices assessed were conservation agriculture, mulching, water harvesting, irrigation, integrated pest management, agroforestry, weather advisories, inorganic fertiliser use, zai pits, and soil conservation structures. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 393 randomly selected farmers and key informants through interviews and focus group discussions. Statistical analysis, chi-square and binary logistic regression using SPSS v26, showed that while 64.9% of respondents were aware of financial services, only 13% had accessed them. Major barriers included low financial literacy, lack of collateral, high interest rates, and poor accessibility. Awareness of financial services was significantly associated with CSA adoption (p = 0.000), as were distance to institutions (p = 0.022), type of financial services (p = 0.001), ease of access (p = 0.000), and group membership (p = 0.003). The study recommended that, to boost CSA adoption, financial institutions provide tailored loans with flexible collateral and interest terms. Additionally, the government and partners should strengthen financial literacy and expand financial access through mobile and agent banking, especially in remote areas
Kuchunguza Vizuizi Katika Ufunzaji wa Sauti na Matamshi ya Kiswahili katika Shule za Upili za Kaunti ya Murang'a, Kenya
Get PDFUtafiti huu ulichunguza changamoto katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sauti na matamshi ya Kiswahili katika shule za upili za Kaunti ya Murang'a, Kenya. Kiswahili, kama lugha ya taifa na rasmi, huchukua nafasi muhimu katika mfumo wa elimu na mawasiliano nchini Kenya. Hata hivyo, wanafunzi wanakumbana na vikwazo muhimu katika ufundishaji na ufasaha wa lugha, haswa katika matamshi sahihi ya sauti zake. Lengo kuu la utafiti huu lilikuwa kuchunguza kwa kina changamoto hizi, na hatimaye kutoa mapendekezo ya kuboresha uelewa na ufasaha wa lugha ya Kiswahili. Utafiti ulitumia mbinu ya kiasi, ikitegemea ukusanyaji na uchambuzi wa data kwa njia ya nambari. Mbinu za ukusanyaji wa data zilizojumuishwa ni pamoja na hojaji na mazoezi kwa wanafunzi. Takwimu ziliwasilishwa kimaelezo, zikitumia majedwali, michoro, na pia uchanganuzi wa takwimu kwa msaada wa programu ya takwimu za sayansi za kijamii (SPSS). Misingi ya kinadharia ya utafiti ilijumuisha mitazamo ya kifonetiki na ya kisaikolojia, ikiwa ni pamoja na Nadharia ya Muundo wa Sauti ya Kiingereza (SPE) ya Chomsky na Halle, Nadharia ya Utabia ya Skinner, na dhana ya uumbaji. Matokeo ya utafiti yalionyesha kuwa wanafunzi katika shule za upili za Kaunti ya Murang'a wanakumbana na changamoto nyingi katika ufundishaji wa sauti na matamshi ya Kiswahili. Changamoto hizi ni pamoja na ugumu wa kuelewa maelezo ya walimu, kutoelewa matamshi sahihi ya sauti za Kiswahili, uoga wa kuuliza maswali, ugumu wa kutofautisha sauti zinazofanana, athari za lugha ya mama na Sheng', na ukosefu wa rasilimali za kutosha za ufundishaji na mazingira mazuri ya darasani. Aidha, ukosefu wa uzoefu wa walimu katika fonetiki na fonolojia, pamoja na ukosefu wa ushirikiano kati shule, wazazi na jamii, pia zilichangia changamoto hizi. Kutokana na matokeo haya, utafiti unapendekeza hatua za kuboresha ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sauti na matamshi ya Kiswahili. Mapendekezo haya yanajumuisha: kuanzisha programu za ufundishaji wa sauti na matamshi zinazolenga eneo husika, kuongeza mafunzo ya walimu katika fonetiki na fonolojia, kutoa rasilimali za ufundishaji na ujifunzaji za kutosha na zinazofaa; na kujenga ushirikiano mkubwa kati ya shule, wazazi, na jamii katika ujifunzaji wa lugha. Aidha, utafiti unapendekeza masomo zaidi katika maeneo yafuatayo: athari za lugha za kienyeji na Sheng', tathmini ya mbinu zilizopo za ufundishaji, mahitaji ya mafunzo ya walimu, na matumizi ya teknolojia katika ufundishaji wa sauti na matamshi ya Kiswahili
Bembezi Kama Mbinu ya Uhawilishaji wa Maarifa ya Kiafrika: Mfano wa Jamii ya Watumbatu
Get PDFMakala hii imechunguza bembezi kama mbinu ya uhawilishaji wa maarifa ya Kiafrika, kwa kuangazia jamii ya Watumbatu. Utafiti huu unalenga kuelewa mchango wa bembezi katika kuhifadhi na kueneza maarifa, maadili na tamaduni za jamii. Uchunguzi ulifanyika katika eneo la Zanzibar, ndani ya jamii ya Watumbatu, kwa kipindi cha miezi sita. Mbinu za utafiti zilizotumika ni ethnografia, ambapo data ilikusanywa kwa mbinu ya usaili na majadiliano ya vikundi. Watoa taarifa wa utafiti walikuwa wazee wa jamii, waimbaji wa bembezi, wazazi na wahadhiri wa fasihi simulizi. Data iliyopatikana ilichambuliwa kwa njia ya uchambuzi wa maudhui ili kubaini dhima ya bembezi katika uhawilishaji wa maarifa. Matokeo ya utafiti yanaonesha kuwa bembezi zina nafasi kubwa katika kukuza lugha, kueneza maadili na kudumisha mshikamano wa kijamii. Nyimbo hizi hufundisha watoto kuhusu heshima, mshikamano wa kijamii, kazi, dini na falsafa ya maisha, kwa kutumia urudiaji wa maneno, methali, tamathali za semi na mifano ya maisha halisi. Aidha, utafiti ulibaini kuwa bembezi za Watumbatu zinafanana na zile za jamii nyingine za Kiafrika, lakini zinajitofautisha kwa athari ya tamaduni za Kiswahili na Uislamu. Hitimisho la utafiti huu linaonesha kuwa bembezi ni sehemu muhimu ya fasihi simulizi na zinachangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika kuhifadhi utamaduni, elimu ya jamii na kujenga utambulisho wa Kiafrika. Kwa hivyo, inahitajika juhudi za makusudi katika kuzihifadhi na kuzitumia bembezi kama nyenzo rasmi za elimu na utamadun
Mtindo na Matumizi ya Lugha Katika Muziki wa Taarab : Mifano Kutoka Taarab za Kiswahili
Get PDFMakala hii inajadili juu ya mtindo na matumizi ya lugha katika Muziki wa Taarab kwa kutumia mifano kutoka Taarab za Kiswahili. Kwa kutumia nadharia ya umuundo makala hii inaibua vipengele vya lugha vinavyotumika katika Taarabu, kuelezea dhima ya uteuzi wa vipengele vya lugha na kujadili dhamira zinazoibuka kutokana na matumizi ya vipengele vya lugha katika Taarab. Katika kufikia lengo hilo makala hii inajibu maswali yafuatayo; Je, ni vipengele vipi vya lugha vinavyojichomoza zaidi katika Taarab? Je ni kwa nini wasanii huamua kuteua kutumia vipengele hivyo vya lugha? Na, ni dhamira zipi zinazoibuka kutokana na matumizi ya vipengele hivyo vya lugha
Mkakati Wa Uhalalishaji wa Kimamlaka katika Hotuba Teule za Marais wa Tanzania katika Vikao vya Pamoja vya Mabunge ya Kitaifa, Kenya
Get PDFMakala hii ilihusu uhalalishaji wa kimamlaka katika hotuba teule za Marais wa Tanzania katika vikao vya pamoja vya Mabunge ya Kitaifa nchini Kenya. Nadharia iliyoongoza makala hii ni Uchanganuzi Makinifu wa diskosi. Nadharia hii hudokeza kuwa lugha kivyake haina mamlaka, bali huyapata itumiwapo na wenye mamlaka katika miundo ya kijamii. Sampuli ya makala hii ilipakuliwa kutoka kumbukumbu za kudumu za Mabunge ya Kitaifa nchini Kenya zilizoko mtandaoni. Diskosi za hotuba teule za Marais Jakaya Kikwete na Samia Suluhu zilizo sampuli ya makala hii ni zile zilizowasilishwa kati ya miaka (2013-2022). Kipindi hiki ni awamu ya 11 na awamu ya pili na tatu ya Mabunge ya Kitaifa na Seneti nchini Kenya. Jumla ya hotuba mbili ziliteuliwa kimakusudi kwa kujikita kwenye mbinu ya uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo. Kifaa cha utafiti kilichotumika katika ukusanyaji wa data ni orodha ya ukaguzi. Muundo wa kimaelezo ulitumika katika kukusanya, kuchambua na kuwasilisha matokeo ya makala. Data ya makala hii ilikusanywa kutokana na mchakato wa usomaji wa kina wa hotuba teule. Matokeo ya makala hii yalidhihirisha kuwa mikakati ya kibinafsi, wataalamu, mfano wa kuigwa, yasiyo binafsi, upatanishi wa kimila. Makala hii ilipendekeza kuwa utafiti wa baadaye ufanywe kuhusu namna vipengele vya mkakati wa uhalalishaji wa mamlaka hutambulisha wahutubu katika hotuba za kisias
Effect of Legume-Finger Millet Intercropping on Finger Millet Productivity and Soil Organic Carbon Stocks
Get PDFThe soils in the semi-arid areas of eastern Uganda are mainly ferralsols and plinthosols, characterised by low soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil fertility. On-farm experiments were therefore conducted in Kumi and Amuria districts in the parishes of Olupe and Kuju, respectively, in eastern Uganda. To assess the effect of finger millet legume integration options on finger millet productivity and soil organic carbon stocks. One farmer household with fields having ferralsols and plinthosols was purposively selected from each parish to host the experiment. The study adopted a factorial experiment, where two finger millet varieties (Seremi II, and NARO MIL 3) were the main plot, three legumes (groundnuts, green gram, and cowpeas) constituted the subplot, and one planting pattern (one row of legume and two rows of finger millet) made the sub-sub plot treatment, totaling eleven treatments. The experiment was laid down in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Three experimental seasons (2021 B, 2022 A, and 2022B) were conducted. Soil and crop data were collected and analysed using GenStat and Minitab 14th editions. Results revealed that intercropping finger millet (NARO MIL 3 and SEREMI II) with cowpea recorded the highest yield returns (2617 and 2387) kg ha-1, respectively, land equivalent ratio of 1.8 and 1.2, respectively, and SOC of 0.310 t ha-1 yr-1. It was therefore concluded that intercropping finger millet with cowpea at a 1x2 planting arrangement improves finger millet yield and SOC stocks in ferralsols and plinthosols
Assessing the State of Job Satisfaction of the Academic Staff for Quality Instruction Outputs in Uganda’s Private Universities
Get PDFThe paper assesses the current state of job satisfaction among the academic staff in tandem with the provision of quality instruction in Ugandan private universities. The main objective of the study was to establish the relationship between the state of job satisfaction of the academic staff and the corresponding quality of instruction to the students. The study was anchored on Herzberg’s Theory of the pragmatist research paradigm, and convergent parallel methods research approaches. The study employed a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ), interview guides, and focus group discussions (FGD) to collect data from 339 academic staff, 20 heads of department, and 12 Quality Assurance Officers. Additionally, correlation, regression, and thematic analyses were applied to establish the relationships between the predictor and outcome variables and to collect themes for qualitative data. The results showed no significant relationship between job satisfaction and quality instruction (r=.115, p=NS). Regarding the influence of job satisfaction on quality instruction, job satisfaction explained 1.3 % of the variation in quality instruction (R2 = .013). In conclusion, there was no significant relationship between job satisfaction and quality instruction, nor did job satisfaction influence quality instruction by the academics in Uganda’s private universities. It was highly recommended that private universities should provide better financial incentives to motivate the academic staff to improve the quality of instruction to student