EANSO East African Nature and Science Organization Journals
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Impact of Agriculture and Deforestation on Soil Degradation Case Study, Buyoga Sector, Rulindo District 2024
Get PDFThe challenge of food security and the livelihood of the people in Rwanda is posed by soil degradation caused by intensive farming, deforestation and population pressure. This paper measures the effects of agricultural development and the loss of tree cover on the soil health of Buyoga Sector, Rulindo District and examines the socio-economic factors that have influenced unsustainable land use. The change in land cover between 1990 and 2024 was evaluated with the help of GIS and remote sensing, the physical and chemical properties of soil at 30 sampling sites were evaluated, and semi-structured interviews with 101 farmers and local officials were held. The area under crops almost doubled by a factor of 95, and the area under forests dropped by 76% in 1990-24. The rate of erosion was also rated at 25 t ha-1 yr-1 in bare slopes compared to 5 t ha-1 yr-1 in the conserved areas (p < 0.01). Organic matter in the soil dropped to 1.1% on plots which had been intensively tilled. Some of the major incentives are a lack of security in land tenure, the use of fuelwood, and the lack of conservation practices. Fast agricultural land development and deforestation is soil-depleting at an unsustainable rate that is compromising agricultural productivity and rural sustainability. The application of agroforestry, conservation agriculture and community forest management may help curb erosion to an extent of up to 60. There is an urgent need to implement policy reforms aimed at enhancing land-use planning, promoting sustainable practices, and enhancing farmer education to preserve the Rwanda soil resources and meet the development objectives of the country
Warped Arrows and Deranged Gods in Okey Ndibe’s Arrows of Rain and Chinua Achebe’s Arrow of God
Get PDFThe question of failed leadership in Africa has, for decades, been the focal point of concerted and protracted discourses on many literary platforms. Indeed, against Chinua Achebe’s proclamation in The trouble with Nigeria that leadership is Nigerian supreme problem, this paper makes a critical and comparative examination of two texts by Nigerian authors - Okey Ndibe’s Arrows of Rain and Chinua Achebe’s Arrow of God, with a view to establishing how followership dodged by lack of political ineptitude and authoritarianism constitute a bigger problem and malady that continues to plague the social and political landscape in many countries in Africa. This study has used the post–colonial theory with close attention to the tenets which aver that the postcolonial spaces denote aspects of the subject matter, which indicate that the decolonised world is an intellectual space of contradictions, of half-finished processes, of confusions, of hybridity, and of liminalities. Equally, the postcolonial tenets appropriated for the discussion in this study include one that states that the post-colonial theory attempts to combat the social, political, and cultural residuals of colonialism upon the peoples once colonised. Finally, the tenet applied in the analysis of the primary texts of this study states that postcolonialism is an engagement with, and contestation of, colonialism's discourses, power structures, and social hierarchies. The two primary texts were purposively sampled, and a close reading of the text was used as the data collection strategy. The findings of this study established that the political landscape in Africa is murky, but then, with sufficient efforts and goodwill from the political class, the few gains that have so far been institutionalised can be used as a basis for putting in place more political measures, which can sweeten the political arena in Africa for economic prosperity
Maadili Katika Nyimbo za Harusi za Jamii ya Wanyakyusa
Get PDFMakala haya yameangazia kuchunguza dhamira ya maadili katika nyimbo za harusi za jamii ya Wanyakyusa. Lengo kuu lilikuwa kwamba nyimbo za harusi za jamii ya Wanyakyusa zilivyo na usawili katika kujenga maadili katika jamii hiyo. Katika kujadili hoja hii, data za msingi za Makala haya zilikusanywa wilaya ya Rungwe halmashauri ya Busokelo kwa kurejelea nyimbo za harusi za jamii ya wanyakyusa. Data za msingi zilikusanywa kwa mbinu ya usikilizaji makini. Uchambuzi wa mjadala wa data ziliwasilishwa katika Makala haya uliongozwa na nadharia ya usosholojia. Miongoni mwa matokeo ya Makala haya ni kuwa jamii haiwezi kustawi katika harakati za maendeleo yake kama hazitajengwa katika maadili. Hivyo, maadili yametazamwa kama kiungo thabiti cha asili kinachohakiki na kujenga misingi imara ya kuielewa na kuifunza historia ya jamii, falsafa na utamaduni katika mazingira yao. Aidha kukosekana kwa madili katika jamii kutasababisha kupuuzwa kwa jitihada mbalimbali za misingi imara katika jamii na namna bora na sahihi ya kupambana na changamoto za ndoa. Makala haya yanahitimisha kuwa, ushauri wa kitaalamu na kiwakati unapaswa kufanyika katika jamii zote hapa nchini kukabiliana na maadili ili kupunguza changamoto zinazojitokeza katika ndoa na kuleta migongano katika jami
Mikakati ya Kutafsiri na Kufasiri Matini za Kidini: Mfano wa Matini Tafsiri za White
Get PDFMakala haya yanachunguza mikakati ya kutafsiri na kufasiri matini za kidini kwa kuzingatia mfano wa tafsiri za Ellen G. White. Utafiti ulisisitiza umuhimu wa mikakati ya tafsiri kama nyenzo za kutatua changamoto za lugha na maana kati ya lugha chanzi (MA) na lugha pokezi (MP). Utafiti huu ulikuwa wa kimaelezo na kimaktabani, ambapo data ilikusanywa kutoka vitabu vya White vilivyotafsiriwa kwa Kiswahili na kupitia hojaji, mahojiano na uchanganuzi wa matini. Matokeo yanaonyesha kuwa mikakati kama vile tafsiri huru na ukopaji hutumiwa kutafsiri ujumbe wa matini za kidini. Tafsiri huru ilizingatia maana ya muktadha na ililenga hadhira lengwa, ingawa ilisababisha matatizo ya uelewaji kutokana na kutotilia mkazo upekee wa lugha pokezi. Ukopaji, kwa upande mwingine, ulijumuisha uhamishaji wa maneno kutoka MA hadi MP bila mabadiliko makubwa, kwa kuzingatia neno au dhana ambayo haikuwa na visawe katika lugha lengwa. Makala haya yanapendekeza kuwa mikakati ya tafsiri inapaswa kuzingatia usahihi, uhalisi, na uelewa wa hadhira lengwa ili kuondoa changamoto za ufasiri. Aidha, umuhimu wa kuchanganya mikakati mbalimbali ili kufanikisha uhamishaji wa ujumbe wa kidini kwa usahihi na kwa kuzingatia muktadha wa lugha pokezi usisitizwa
Theoretical Perspective of Urban Farming and Food Security in Southwestern Uganda
Get PDFThis study examined the potential of urban agriculture as a strategy to alleviate food insecurity among low-income households in urban areas of southwestern Uganda. As rapid urbanization challenges traditional food systems to meet increasing demand for affordable and nutritious food, urban agriculture offers a promising solution. By using limited urban spaces to grow crops, urban agriculture can increase food access and provide economic benefits. Drawing on secondary data from government reports, academic research, policy documents and case studies, the study examined the role of urban agriculture in improving food security, promoting community empowerment and generating income through market-oriented gardening. The study suggests that households practising urban farming have better access to diverse and nutritious foods compared to households in peri-urban and rural areas. However, constraints such as land scarcity, inadequate water management, limited technical knowledge and inadequate policy support hinder the full potential of urban agriculture. The study highlighted the need for integrated urban policies that support sustainable food systems and community-based agricultural programs. By promoting innovative farming techniques and optimizing the use of space, urban farming can serve as a scalable model for building resilient urban food systems in southwestern Uganda
Interrogating the Underlying Barriers to HIV Non-Protective Behaviors’ Control among University Students: Towards an Effective Psycho-Educational Mitigation
Get PDFThe study purposed to interrogate the underlying barriers to HIV non-protective behaviours’ control among university students, geared towards formulating an effective psycho-educational intervention for the same. The population was both male and female year three university students. The respondents were 12 for the focus group discussion and 15 for the in-depth interviews, selected purposively. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis. There was concurrent data analysis and discussion of findings. The findings revealed that university students continue to engage in HIV non-protective behaviours like lack of and inconsistent condom use, multiple sexual partners and low adherence to HIV messages and training due to factors associated with low socio-economic status, shame, lack of knowledge, flaws within the HIV messaging, to mention but a few. It is therefore concluded that HIV continues to soar among university students through non-protective conduct related to unsafe sex, multiple and concurrent sexual partners and low interest in and negative attitude towards uptake of HIV control messages. Hence, there is a need for a supply of condoms in socially safe spaces, education on condom use and the dangers of multiple sexual partners, economic empowerment, and most importantly, embracing an effective psycho-educational intervention that addresses the specific learning needs of university students about HIV and its contro
Adaptive Leadership in Public Universities in Uganda: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFThis study through a systematic literature review explored adaptive leadership status, the rationale for adaptive leadership, and the challenges facing embracing adaptive leadership in public universities in Uganda. The literature search process consisted of inclusion and exclusion criteria and the development of a search strategy. Fourteen (14) articles were found to have relevant information on adaptive leadership status, the rationale for adaptive leadership, and challenges facing embracing adaptive leadership in higher educational institutions in Uganda. The findings reveal that adaptive leadership in public universities in Uganda is almost non-existent. This is buttressed by the fact that these universities have perpetually failed to solve most of the challenges they face, let alone demonstrating high levels of ineffectiveness in their operations. The study findings also divulge that the rationale for embracing adaptive leadership in public universities in Uganda includes but is not limited to: addressing complexity and uncertainty; enhancing institutional effectiveness; fostering a culture of collaboration and inclusivity; and developing capacity for sustainability and resilience. The study further discloses that some of the notable challenges encumbering embracing of adaptive leadership in public universities in Uganda comprise: limited financial, human and, material resources; excessive bureaucratic structures; and resistance to change by employees. The paper concludes, thus, that the absence of adaptive leadership in public universities in Uganda is worrying, hence, urgent mitigation measures need to be taken owing to the fact that adaptive leadership is critical to help public universities have the ability to cope with change in their operations almost on the daily basis. The study recommends that university leaders and managers make deliberate efforts to familiarise themselves with adaptive leadership principles through relevant professional development programmes. Institutionalise adaptive leadership as well as adopting appropriate administrative structures that ensure: clear lines of authority and decision-making; effective communication and collaboration across units; efficient resource allocation and management; strong governance and accountability; and flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances and priorities
The Devastating Effects of Gender-based Violence on Household Well-being: A Case Study from Kinondoni Municipal, Tanzania
Get PDFThe study assessed the effects of gender-based violence towards household well-being in Kinondoni Municipal in Tanzania. The study employed a survey design whereas a qualitative approach was employed though the study was conducted based on subjective reality testing. Primary data were employed in the process of knowledge generation. Facts were collected from the subjects of the situation and the key informants from the respective entities engaged in gender-based violence (GBV) from the sample of 120 participants. The study was conducted in Kinondoni Municipal and data were gathered using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The collected results from the field using questionnaires were computed in SPSS software whereas descriptive statistics were generated to present the results. Results gathered through interviews were analyzed using content analysis techniques which were narratively presented with themes to complement the results. Findings indicated that gender-based violence indeed constitutes negative effects alone on the households' well-being since in the end it fosters destructions, enmity and hatred among the actors that may culminate into other negative results once the situation is not worked to be resolved. The implication of the results is that gender-based violence is indeed a destructive practice that is not the behaviour that is encouraged to escalate for the well-being of the families. Therefore, it is recommended that measures towards addressing the cultural aspects by the government and non-state actors should be encouraged to ensure that emancipation positively occur
Post-Independence Disillusionment in Francis Imbuga’s Betrayal in the City and Aminata
Get PDFThis article explores the theme of post-independence disillusionment in a selection of Francis Imbuga’s plays, namely: Betrayal in the City (1976) and Aminata (1988). This article involves a critical and analytical reading of the selected texts of Francis Imbuga in their depiction of post-independence disillusionment. The data is collected and presented under headings guided by the research objectives. During both the analytical and discussion stages, the article particularly considered the quantitative elements of recurrence and frequency with regard to the identified variables initially indicated in the textual checklist. This article concentrates on the ways in which disillusionment is depicted, the causes of disillusionment, and the identification of social-political groups affected by post-independence disillusionment. The investigation makes use of aesthetic, ethical and post-colonial literary theories. It scrutinizes several literary elements that make the selected plays aesthetically and ethically appealing. The post-colonial theory gives an insight into the post-independence disillusionment and this in turn connects Francis Imbuga’s selected plays to the current Africa. This article concludes that all citizens in post-independence states live under fear and tension since they are uncertain about the future. The leaders have political threats while some other groups of people like the poor and women are highly oppressed and all this is aesthetically presented raising the reader's interest, right from the first to the last pla
Refrigeration Deficits and Mitigation Strategies in Fresh Milk and Meat Vendors: A Case Study of Qardho Central Market, Puntland, Somalia
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to investigate the challenges related lack of storage and Solutions in Fresh Milk and Meat vendors in Qardho, Punt land Somalia. Methods: This study utilized a descriptive study design at Qardho Central Market, involving 127 vendors selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by five trained university students, and analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistical methods, including frequencies and percentages were applied to summarize the findings in alignment with the study objectives. Results: The findings indicate that 96.1% of vendors have unsold products by the end of their operating hours, with milk vendors (54.1%) reporting higher unsold products than meat vendors (45.9%). Only 23.6% of vendors have access to storage facilities, leading to daily spoilage for 91.3% of respondents. Financially, 34.6% of vendors reported losing more than $20 per day due to spoilage. Other challenges include fluctuating livestock prices, lack of business premises, and low demand. Regarding solutions, 92.9% of vendors believe that a designated storage area and shared refrigeration could reduce spoilage and improve business operations. However, willingness to contribute to storage costs varies: 66.2% of meat vendors are willing to contribute, whereas only 33.8% of milk vendors agree. Additional suggested solutions include financial support, cooperative business models, and proper storage facilities. Conclusion: The lack of storage facilities significantly impacts the fresh milk and meat vendors in Qardho, leading to high spoilage rates and financial losses. Establishing shared refrigeration, financial support mechanisms, and business cooperatives could mitigate these challenges and enhance vendors’ profitability and market sustainability