EANSO East African Nature and Science Organization Journals
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Digital Nomads as a Viable Market Segment: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFDigital nomadism, characterised by location-independent professionals who leverage digital technologies to work remotely, is transforming patterns of global mobility, tourism, and labour. Initially a niche lifestyle, it has evolved into a mainstream phenomenon influencing destination development, national visa policies, and urban infrastructure planning. The growing interest in digital nomads reflects broader shifts in the work culture, post-pandemic flexibility, and the search for work-life balance in lifestyle-oriented destinations. These travellers differ from traditional tourists in duration of stay, spending behaviour, and their engagement with local communities. This systematic literature review explores the state of academic research on digital nomads, focusing on their motivations, impacts on host destinations, infrastructural needs, and the strategic responses by countries seeking to attract them. Guided by the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review framework and PRISMA guidelines, 11 peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024 were analysed. Findings show that while destinations in the Global North, Southeast Asia, and parts of Latin America have adopted targeted policies—such as digital nomad visas, tax incentives, and coworking hubs—Sub-Saharan Africa remains notably absent in both research and practice. Notable findings reveal that digital nomads are primarily motivated by cost-effectiveness, lifestyle freedom, internet accessibility, and cultural experiences. Host communities benefit from the economic diversification and the global visibility, but face risks of displacement, income increase and digital gentrification. Despite its rich biodiversity, affordability, and improving digital infrastructure, Uganda has not yet positioned itself to attract this emerging market segment. This review highlights a significant geographic research gap and proposes an agenda to explore digital nomads as a viable market segment in Uganda. The findings have implications for tourism policymakers and for the investors seeking to diversify their post-COVID recovery strategies. Limitations include the language bias, the exclusion of grey literature, and the narrow regional representation in the reviewed studies
Uchunguzi wa Sababu za Mwitiko wa Hadhira Unaojitokeza katika Filamu Teule za Kitanzania za Mtandaoni
Get PDFMakala hii imechunguza sababu za mwitiko wa hadhira unaojitokeza katika filamu teule za Kitanzania ambazo zinapatikana katika mtandao wa Netflix za Bahasha (2018) na Binti (2021). Makala hii imeongozwa na Nadharia ya Upokezi. Uchambuzi wa Makala hii umetumia mkabala wa kitaamuli. Uchambuzi wa data na uwasilishaji wa matokeo katika makala hii umefanywa kwa maelezo. Vilevile, data za uwandani na za mtandaoni zimechambuliwa kwa njia ya kimaelezo. Data za Makala hii zilipatikana uwandani kutoka katika kata tatu za Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam za Kariakoo, Ilala na Mwenge. Aidha, data za makala hii zilipatikana mtandaoni kutoka katika mtandao wa Netflix na You-Tube. Data za makala hii ni sehemu ya data zilizokusanywa kwa ajili ya shahada ya uzamivu ya mwandishi wa makala hii. Mbinu ya usaili ilitumika kukusanya data kutoka kwa hadhira ya filamu teule. Sampuli ilihusisha jumla ya filamu teule mbili na watoataarifa 15. Matokeo ya makala hii yameonesha sababu mbalimbali za mwitiko wa hadhira unaojitokeza katika filamu teule za Kitanzania. Sababu hizi zinatokana na hadhira au filamu yenyewe. Miongoni mwa sababu hizi ni pamoja na: maudhui, mandhari, ufundi wa kuwachora wahusika, maleba, muktadha wa kiutamaduni na uhusiano wa kihisia. Makala hii imependekeza kwamba watayarishaji wa filamu wanatakiwa kuzingatia sababu hizi zinazoathiri na kusababisha mwitiko wa hadhira ili kuboresha uzoefu wa filamu na kuelewa umuhimu wa filamu kama chombo cha mawasiliano pamoja na kupata hadhira pana zaidi. Makala hii imegawanyika katika sehemu nne: utangulizi na mapitio ya maandishi, Nadharia ya Upokezi, sababu za mwitiko wa hadhira unaojitokeza katika filamu teule na hitimish
The Influence of Temperature Difference on Crop Physiological Process: Systematic Growth Analysis of Solanum lycopersicum (Tomatoes) in Both Greenhouse and Open Field
Get PDFThis study investigated the effect of temperature variation on the physiological processes and growth of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) in both greenhouse and open‑field environments. The specific objectives were to (1) quantify weekly temperature differences in greenhouse versus open field, (2) analyse how these temperature differences influence tomato growth stages, and (3) compare growth trends between the two environments. Over the growing season, greenhouse temperatures varied by approximately ±1.0 °C weekly, while open‑field temperatures fluctuated by ±10.2 °C. Temperature influenced all measured growth parameters: for example, greenhouse plants were irrigated five times per day versus once or not at all in the open field. In the germination stage, plant heights ranged from 20 to 38 cm in the greenhouse compared to 12.5 to 24 cm in the open field. Consistent greenhouse temperatures resulted in higher yields, whereas large temperature swings in the open field increased the risk of total crop loss. Controlled environments also reduced pest and disease pressure. The researchers conclude that maintaining a narrow temperature range is critical for optimising tomato physiological processes (photosynthesis, transpiration, nutrient uptake, and pollination). The researchers recommend that farmers adopt greenhouse cultivation to stabilise temperatures, thereby maximising both the quality and quantity of tomato productio
Drivers of Farmers-Pastoralists’ Land Use Conflicts in Mvomero District, Tanzania
Get PDFThis study examined the drivers of land use conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in Mvomero District, Tanzania. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research involved surveying 391 heads of households and conducting in-depth interviews with 26 key informants, including four Village Chairpersons, four Village Executive Officers (VEOs), four Heads of Village Security Committees, four Village Agricultural and Livestock Officers (VALOs), four Ward Executive Officers (WEOs), the District Executive Director (DED), and the Officer Commanding District (OCD). The primary objective is to identify and analyse the underlying factors contributing to these conflicts and to propose potential solutions. The findings indicated that the primary drivers of land use conflicts include environmental factors sparked by climate change, exacerbating resource scarcity as a key factor. Other factors involve unethical practices and a lack of participation in demarcating boundaries. The study suggests several strategies to mitigate land use conflicts in Mvomero District including raising awareness about climate change and its implications for resource management, strengthening of land tenure systems through establishment of robust and enforceable land tenure systems, promoting climate-resilient agricultural practice where the government of Tanzania and other developmental stakeholders should enhance agricultural resilience to climate change as crucial mechanism for reducing resource-based conflicts, enhancing water resource management can be proper means of addressing the land use conflict problem where improvement of water resource management can mitigate resource scarcity and reduce conflicts, strengthening conflict resolution mechanisms also can be adopted as the means of land use conflict resolution through building the capacity of local institutions to manage conflicts, facilitating multi-stakeholder collaboration in addressing climate change and land-use conflicts among various stakeholders can be another way of land use conflict resolution, and effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are essential for assessing the impact of adaptation initiatives. Additionally, improving access to education and economic opportunities for both farmers and pastoralists can reduce dependency on land-based livelihoods and ease competition for resources
Assessing the Burden of External Parasites on Livestock Productivity and Health: A Case Study of the Nugal Region, Somalia
Get PDFThis study assesses the burden of external parasites on livestock productivity and health in the Nugal region of Somalia through a combined secondary and primary research approach. Using a systematic review of 35 peer-reviewed studies alongside field data from 245 pastoral households, the research identifies ticks, lice, mites, and fleas as the most prevalent ectoparasites affecting cattle, camels, goats, and sheep. Ticks, particularly Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, and Hyalomma species, accounted for 98.4% of infestations, with dry-season peaks linked to environmental and management factors. Parasite-induced conditions such as babesiosis, theileriosis, and anaplasmosis contributed to average milk yield reductions of 42%, body-weight losses of 15–20%, and extended calving intervals. These biological effects translated into significant socioeconomic impacts, as control costs consumed approximately 22% of household livestock expenditure. Comparative synthesis with regional studies from Somalia, Ethiopia, and Kenya revealed similar prevalence and management challenges, including acaricide resistance, high treatment costs, and limited veterinary support. Gendered analysis highlighted that women, though primary caretakers of small ruminants, had less access to extension information and veterinary services. The study concludes that ectoparasitism in the Nugal region is both a veterinary and livelihood challenge requiring integrated solutions. It recommends community-based Integrated Pest Management (IPM), improved acaricide stewardship, gender-inclusive farmer education, and strengthened One Health coordination to mitigate parasite burdens, restore productivity, and enhance pastoral resilience in Somalia
Embracing Diversity: A Novel Approach to Deconstructing Gender Stereotyped Traits through Gender Atypical Kiswahili Children's Storybooks
Get PDFThis paper explores the potential of using gender atypical Kiswahili children's storybooks as a powerful tool to deconstruct traditional, ingrained gender stereotyped traits among children. In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the negative impact of gender stereotyped traits on children's development and self-perception. Traditional societal gender schemata often reinforce stereotypical traits for boys and girls from an early age, limiting their understanding of the diverse range of personalities, qualities, and characteristics that individuals can possess. Therefore, this paper adopts a novel approach that utilises gender atypical Kiswahili storybooks to challenge and reshape these preconceived notions about gender traits. The study explores how children construct gender traits when exposed to gender atypical Kiswahili children’s storybooks. Bandura’s social learning theory formed the theoretical framework on which the study was underpinned. Data was generated using drawings with grade three children from a purposively selected school in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. The findings of this study revealed that when children were exposed to gender-atypical Kiswahili children’s stories, more girls compared to boys changed from constructing gender stereotyped traits to gender-atypical traits. The findings also revealed that even though some participants conformed to gender stereotyped traits, there was a change in their perspectives to adopt gender-atypical traits. This paper, therefore, suggests that exposure of children to gender-atypical Kiswahili children’s stories could deconstruct gender stereotyped traits during their early stages of socialisation. The paper recommends that Ministries of Education, Curriculum Development, and book publishers should develop guidelines and a policy framework to promote the authorship and publication of gender atypical Kiswahili children’s storybooks to enable children to construct gender traits in a neutral and non-sexist manner. This will enable children to question and redefine their understanding of gender, thus fostering a more diverse, inclusive, and open-minded generation
Student-Centred Changemaker Portfolios: Evaluating TESCEA’s Impact on Critical Thinking, Gender Awareness, and Employability
Get PDFThis study explores the effectiveness of student-centred changemaker portfolios implemented through the Transforming Employability for Social Change in East Africa (TESCEA) initiative at Gulu University. Anchored in transformative learning and gender mainstreaming frameworks, these portfolios aim to enhance students’ critical thinking, problem-solving, gender awareness, and employability in a post-conflict higher eduation context. Employing a qualitative-dominant approach complemented by quantitative surveys, the study examines students’ reflective experiences, faculty perspectives, and portfolio content. Findings indicate that portfolios foster reflective practice, gender-sensitive problem-solving, and employability skills while promoting agency and social responsibility. Challenges, including inconsistent faculty support, limited resources, and variable institutional commitment, constrain the full potential of the initiative. The study concludes that with strategic institutional support and continuous professional development, changemaker portfolios can serve as transformative pedagogical tools that bridge academic learning with socio-economic and gender equity objectives in fragile contexts
Framework for Formation, Management, and Sustainability of Community Groups in Teso Sub-Region, Uganda
Get PDFEscalating rural poverty appears in various forms and shapes, but in whichever form it appears, it affects both women, men and the young. This study underscores the power of inclusive community groups’ initiatives in responding to persistent rural vulnerabilities for sustainable livelihood security. The study was carried out in three districts of Bukedea, Kumi and Ngora in Teso-Sub Region- Eastern Uganda. The study sought to determine foundational elements crucial for the successful formation of community groups, effective operations, consider strategies for long-term interactions, and definable leadership attention. A descriptive study design was adopted, and a total of 384 respondents derived from a calculated sample participated in this study. This included farmers, traders and bodabodas engaged in group work, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), including Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Community Based Organisations (CBOs), working within Teso, Local Government Officials in the 3 districts, district Counsellors, religious leaders, and senior citizens. The study established that community groups are the logical pedestal for meaningful development in rural areas. Community groups are inclusive and all-embracing. Although admired for their contribution to both income and food security at the household level, there is inconsistent formation and untutored management, which dangles the groups vulnerable to uncertainty and irregularity. To endure the test of time and continue contributing to subscribing members, community groups need to give attention to the formation process, their management style and daily operations as a guiding map to sustainability. This paper proposes a pragmatic structure that emanates from asking and answering critical questions pertaining to the formation, management and sustainability of these community group
Ideologies and Language Decisions among Couples in Cross-linguistic Marriages in Kenya
Get PDFEthnic diversity is one of the globalisation effects that has led to intimate social interactions between people of different origins. These interactions have resulted in what has been referred to as mixed, interethnic, cross-cultural or cross-linguistic marriages. With language being considered as a crucial tool for communication and at the same time being what makes couples ‘different’, choices have to be made about what languages couples will use. This paper examines how language ideologies shape linguistic decisions and behaviour between spouses in cross-linguistic families in Nakuru, Kenya. Drawing on interviews with twelve crosslinguistic households, the study employs Family Language Policy (FLP) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to explore how husbands and wives position their own and their partners’ heritage languages within the multilingual household. Findings reveal that while some spouses value reciprocal learning of each other’s languages as a means of facilitating integration with extended kin, others consider such efforts unnecessary given the dominance of Kiswahili and English in everyday communication. Notably, complex gendered patterns emerged, with men more frequently framing their language as the default for the family, yet making little effort to teach it, while women expressed willingness to learn but encountered limited reciprocity. These situations highlight tensions between accommodation and resistance, and show how spousal ideologies both reproduce and contest broader discourses of power, identity, and linguistic legitimacy. The study contributes to FLP research by foregrounding spousal negotiations, an underexplored dimension of family multilingualism in African contexts and underlines the implications of language ideologies for both heritage language maintenance and marital relation
An Empirical Investigation into Headteachers' Transformational Leadership as an Antecedent to the Work Engagement of Teachers in Sheema Municipality, Uganda
Get PDFThis study empirically examines the influence of headteachers’ transformational leadership styles on teachers’ work engagement within the Universal Primary Education (UPE) system in Sheema Municipality, Uganda. Teacher engagement remains central to educational quality, with leadership identified as a key determinant. Using a descriptive cross-sectional survey and a mixed-methods approach, the study explored how leadership behaviours shape teacher dedication. Quantitative data were collected from 196 teachers through structured questionnaires integrating the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), while qualitative insights were obtained from 30 headteachers via semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, and qualitative data through thematic analysis. Findings revealed a high level of teacher engagement (Mean = 4.36), with teachers exhibiting strong energy, dedication, and focus despite systemic challenges. Headteachers scored highly in Idealised Influence (Mean = 3.83) and Individualised Consideration (Mean = 3.71), reflecting their roles as ethical role models who offer personalised support. However, Inspirational Motivation was notably weak (Mean = 2.89), indicating a gap in communicating a compelling vision. The study concludes that transformational leadership enhances teacher engagement, mainly through its ethical and supportive aspects. It recommends strengthening leadership development programs to emphasise motivational and inspirational communication skills to better harness teacher potential and improve educational quality in Uganda’s UPE schools