EANSO East African Nature and Science Organization Journals
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Utilisation of ICT Tools and Teaching and Learning of ICT subject in A-Level Government Secondary Schools of Bukanga North, Isingiro District
Full text linkThe study assessed the utilisation of ICT tools in teaching and learning of ICT subject in A-Level government secondary schools of Bukanga North, Isingiro District. The main objective was to assess the utilization of ICT tools in teaching and learning ICT subject, with specific objectives to: examine whether the existing ICT tools are utilized in the teaching and learning of ICT as a subject; assess the effect of ICT tools on students' learning outcomes in ICT subject; and establish the relationship between the utilization of ICT tools and teaching and learning of ICT subject in A’ Level government secondary schools. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design targeting 214 participants, including 01 District Education Officer, 03 headteachers, 30 teachers, and 180 students. A sample size of 150 was selected using purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observation checklists, and analysed using SPSS version 24. Results revealed that ICT tools such as computers, projectors, and internet connectivity are moderately utilised (M = 3.72, SD = 0.87). ICT tools significantly improved student learning outcomes, including performance, digital skills acquisition, and motivation (M = 3.90, SD = 0.78). The study concluded that while ICT tools enhance lesson delivery and student engagement, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, irregular power supply, and limited teacher training persist. The study recommends increased investment in ICT infrastructure, teacher capacity-building, and policy support for sustainable ICT integratio
Administrators’ Leadership Styles and School Academic Performance: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Mukono District-Uganda
Full text linkThe study explored administrators’ leadership styles and school academic performance in selected secondary schools in Mukono District, Uganda. It employed a mixed methods approach in data collection. The specific objectives were to: (i). Determine the influence of participative leadership style on academic performance, (ii). Assess the impact of directive leadership style (iii). Examine the effect of supportive leadership style and (iv). Explore students’ perceptions of administrators’ leadership styles and their influence on school academic performance. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, involving a sample of 32 headteachers, 128 teachers, 32 Directors of Studies, 1 District Education Officer, 1 District Inspector of Schools and 320 students. Self-administered questionnaires, interview guides and document review guides were used to collect data. Data were analysed using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r) for quantitative data and narrative analysis for qualitative data. The findings focused on Pearson correlation coefficients among participative leadership (PL), directive leadership (DL), supportive leadership (SL) and students’ perception of headteacher leadership influence on academic performance (SP). The analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between directive leadership and student perception (r = .72), there was a weak positive correlation between participative leadership and student perception (r = .12), and a negligible negative correlation between supportive leadership and student perception (r = –.08). It was concluded that among the leadership styles examined, directive leadership showed the strongest positive association with students’ perception of headteacher influence on academic performance. These results highlight the potential effectiveness of directive leadership in shaping students’ perceptions of academic guidance and performance. Recommendations included implementing regular participative decision-making opportunities, balancing directive leadership with flexibility, prioritising emotional support for teachers and fostering an open communication system with students
The Role of Teachers in Correcting Learners’ Syntactic Errors among Secondary School Students at GS St. Isidore Gitwa in Ngororero District
Full text linkThis study investigated the role of teachers in correcting learners’ syntactic errors among secondary school students in Ngororero District, at G.S. Saint Isidore Gitwa. The study has been conducted to identify the most common types of syntactic errors made by students, to examine the teaching methods and strategies used by English teachers, to address syntax and strategies for correcting students’ errors, and to assess how teachers’ instructional practices influence the reduction or persistence of syntactic errors. The target population of 780 consisted of students, English teachers, and school leaders at GS Saint Isidore Gitwa, with a sample size of 264 respondents. The findings revealed that 85.2% of students frequently made sentence structure errors, 83% struggled with tense use, and 73.5% faced challenges with subject-verb agreement. Teachers consistently reported using grammar drills and sentence correction activities, and 100% claimed to always integrate grammar instruction with speaking and writing. Feedback strategies such as immediate correction (reported by 58.3% of students). While 95.8% of students found teacher feedback very helpful in improving their syntactic accuracy, teachers identified significant challenges, including large class sizes, time constraints, and a lack of instructional resources. Moreover, students expressed a strong preference for more examples and exercises (98.9%), individual feedback (80.7%), and additional writing tasks (72.3%). The study concluded that teachers play a pivotal role in shaping students’ syntactic development through instructional choices and feedback practices. However, the persistence of syntactic errors suggests a need for improved instructional methods, better resource allocation, and targeted professional development
Physical and Mechanical Strength Properties of Resin Tapped Pinus caribaea Timber
Full text linkResin tapping on Pinus caribaea Morelet (P. caribaea) is an activity that is proven to yield multiple economic benefits to pine growers. However, there is uncertainty as to whether extracting gum resin from P. caribaea trees compromises its timber strength properties for structural applications. In this study, the effects of resin tapping on the basic density and strength properties of timber from P. caribaea of different ages (one, three, and five years) were investigated. Tests were done on small, clear specimens from P. caribaea trees whose resins were tapped, with control samples obtained from an untapped tree. The samples were prepared using the British standard (BS 373:1957) and tested for their basic density, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, shear strength parallel to grain and compressive strength parallel to grain test following the American Standards Testing Methods. The results showed that basic densities and strength properties of P. caribaea timber tended to increase with an increase in the age of the resin tapped trees, which were significantly different from the samples of the untapped tree (P<0.05). These results suggest that resin tapping of P. caribaea using the Chinese method does not have negative effects on the strength properties of its timber. However, further studies are required to understand the effects of resin tapping on timber properties, especially for P. caribaea trees that are tapped for more than five years
Waste Management Approaches and Environmental Conservation in Uganda: A Case of Kabale Municipal Council
Full text linkThe study focused on the influence of waste management approaches on environmental conservation in Kabale Municipal Council. Specifically, to examine different methods of waste management and their influence on environmental conservation, to assess the challenges faced in waste management and its effects on environmental conservation and to establish measures in place to promote waste management in environmental conservation in Kabale Municipal Council. A case study design was employed, using a qualitative approach. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select 17 respondents. Data collection methods included interviews and focus group discussions. The data was analysed using thematic analysis with the aid of NVIVO. The study established that Kabale Municipal Council has made some efforts to promote recycling by setting up plastic waste collection points and encouraging businesses to recycle materials. The study found that incineration, as a method of waste management, has not been widely implemented in the Kabale Municipal Council. The study also found that Kabale Municipal Council primarily utilises waste collection trucks for regular household and commercial waste collection. The study found that municipalities lack sufficient waste collection vehicles and waste disposal facilities to cover all areas, especially informal settlements and rural zones. The study found that Kabale Municipal Council has launched public awareness campaigns to educate residents about the importance of proper waste management, recycling, and the health risks of improper waste disposal. The study recommends that the Kabale Municipal Council should encourage households and businesses to separate their waste into categories. The study also recommends that the Kabale Municipal Council should launch continuous public education campaigns to inform the community about the importance of waste segregation, recycling, and proper disposal. Lastly, it was recommended that the Kabale Municipal Council should develop and implement a long-term waste management plan that includes waste minimisation, collection, recycling, disposal, and energy recover
Impact of Selected Anthropogenic Disturbances on the Variability of Riparian Vegetation in the River Kathita Basin, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
Full text linkThe human-induced disturbances along the fragile riparian ecosystems have significant ecological disruptions, such as loss of biodiversity and ecological services rendered by the riparian vegetation. This study investigated the impact of these selected anthropogenic disturbances, specifically sand harvesting, charcoal burning, and livestock drinking bays, on the variability of the riparian vegetation in the River Kathita basin, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya. The study employed purposive sampling to target disturbed sites, whereas simple random sampling was used for vegetation sampling within the sites that were targeted. Three non-disturbed sites were used as control sites and were randomly sampled along a 15KM transect. Sites affected by sand harvesting, charcoal burning, and livestock grazing exhibited lower species diversity (0≥H<1.5) while undisturbed sites maintained higher diversity (1.1>H ≤2). Although the Kruskal-Wallis test for tree diversity among the sites was not statistically significant (p=0.07), for tree species richness the test was (p = 0.047). Charcoal burning sites were characterised by large tree diameters at breast height (DBH) but lower tree heights. Sand harvesting and charcoal burning sites had high diversity of seedlings and saplings in abandoned sites, indicating the ability to recover and re-establishment of vegetation in the absence of disturbance and with protection. Livestock drinking bays showed a shift in vegetation composition from grasses and shrubs to dominance by forbs and herbaceous plants. There were strong correlations between sand harvesting, charcoal burning, livestock grazing, and tree diversity, which was significant for livestock grazing (p=0.01) and marginally insignificant for sand harvesting and charcoal burning (p=0.06). The study recommends that local and national stakeholders regulate sand harvesting, charcoal production in riparian areas, and develop strategies for managing livestock access to drinking bays. Future research should explore the combined effects of climate change, agriculture, and land-use policies on riparian habitat ecosystems
Impact of Improved Cooking Technologies on Socio-Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Rural Households: A Case Study of DELAGUA Health Rwanda, TUBEHO Neza Project (2020 -2024)
Full text linkThis study evaluates the impact of improved clean cooking technologies on socio-economic and environmental sustainability in rural Nyagatare District, Rwanda. Despite national efforts, many rural households continue to rely on traditional biomass cooking methods, contributing to deforestation, indoor air pollution, and health risks. The research focuses on beneficiaries of the Tubeho Neza initiative, which promotes efficient cooking stoves, supported by the Ministry of Environment, NGOs, and social enterprises. Grounded in the theories of sustainability and change, the study assessed a sample of 367 households out of 4,458 beneficiaries. Data were gathered using mixed methods, including surveys conducted by community health workers, document reviews, interviews with 12 local leaders, three focus group discussions, and field observations. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlation and regression analyses, were used to analyse the data. Findings reveal substantial positive impacts: 81% of respondents noted reduced indoor air pollution, 79% reported decreased deforestation and respiratory issues, 77.6% experienced financial savings, and over 80% cited improved kitchen hygiene and more time for income-generating activities. The quality and affordability of cooking stoves accounted for 90.3% of the variance in sustainability outcomes, indicating a strong positive correlation between improved stove adoption and socio-environmental benefits. The study concludes that clean cooking technologies significantly enhance household well-being and environmental health. It recommends government and NGO support through awareness campaigns, improved stove design, financial incentives, and further research on long-term impacts to ensure sustainable adoption and developmen
Beyond Efficiency: Artificial Intelligence as a Driver for Resilient Market Organisations
Full text linkArtificial intelligence is increasingly becoming a regulatory factor. While efficiency has long been regarded as the guiding principle of economic systems, crises show the vulnerability of highly optimised structures. This paper examines the conditions under which AI contributes to the resilience of market organisations, understood as the ability to deal productively with uncertainty. Theoretical perspectives by Hayek and Taleb emphasise decentralised knowledge processing and antifragile learning processes. Empirical case studies from platform markets and critical infrastructure illustrate that AI either increases efficiency or enables stability, depending on how it is institutionally embedded. In platform markets, short-term optimisation dominates, while infrastructure systems rely on redundancy, scenario diversity and human correction capability. The results show that resilience does not come from technology but from system architecture. AI can become an adaptive module in dynamic markets if uncertainty is understood as a structural condition rather than an erro
A Review of the Tietze Extension Theorem
Full text linkThe Tietze Extension Theorem maintains its position as a fundamental basis in general topology, particularly in understanding how continuous functions behave over normal spaces. At its core, the theorem states that any continuous real-valued function defined on a closed subset of a normal topological space can be extended over the entire space while maintaining continuity. This foundational insight bridges the gap between abstract separation axioms and functional extendibility. The proof of the Tietze extension theorem builds on Urysohn’s Lemma, gradually extending a bounded continuous function from a closed subset to the whole normal space in a way that preserves both continuity and the original bounds. From this perspective, the theorem demonstrates how a purely theoretical result can provide a practical method for extending information without distortion. As time progresses, the theorem has inspired extensive generalisations and applications, ranging from vector-valued function spaces to constructive settings and logical frameworks. Its impact can be seen in computational topology, geometric modelling, and data interpolation, where the smooth extension of data is essential. Moreover, its influence extends into diverse areas of mathematics such as functional analysis, data interpolation, computational topology, and categorical logic, making it a timeless bridge between pure mathematical theory and practical applicatio
Contemporary Pedagogical Strategies and Learners’ Academic Achievement in National Teachers’ Colleges (NTCs) in Uganda
Full text linkThe study examined the effect of contemporary pedagogical strategies, specifically problem-based learning and learning contracts, in National Teachers’ Colleges (NTCs) in Uganda. The objectives of the study were to: i) examine the effects of problem-based learning on academic achievement of learners in NTCs in Uganda & ii) analyse the effect of learning contracts on academic achievement of learners in NTCs in Uganda. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and was underpinned by pragmatist philosophy with an explanatory sequential type of mixed methods. Data was collected from 681 respondents with the help of questionnaires, Key informant interviews, and document review. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 29 for statistical data, while qualitative data was analysed in themes to draw conclusions for the study. The results revealed that there was a strong positive relationship between learning contracts and completion rate, with a correlation of 0.71 at a p-value of <0.01. Learners in NTCs gained skills and values to enhance their ability to teach and learn in lower secondary schools (pedagogical skills). Further, there was a strong positive relationship between problem-based learning and academic achievement of 0.31 with a p-value of < 0.01 on skills. It was concluded that Problem-based learning increased learner engagement and aided them to score better grades, while Learning contracts motivated learners in NTCs to do their coursework, project work, and research. The study recommended continuous professional development and support supervision to teacher trainers so as to enhance their skills in the implementation of contemporary pedagogical techniques, specifically problem-based techniques