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Estudio epidemiológico sobre leptospirosis en rumiantes atendidos en el Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad San Sebastián, sede De la Patagonia
Get PDFLa leptospirosis es una enfermedad bacteriana extendida mundialmente que afecta
gravemente la salud y producción del ganado, causando abortos, mortinatos y
nacimientos de animales débiles. Existen más de 250 serotipos y 24 serogrupos
patógenos. Es especialmente prevalente en climas tropicales y subtropicales, donde
las condiciones ambientales favorecen la supervivencia de la leptospira. En los
rumiantes, la enfermedad puede cursar con problemas reproductivos y síntomas
graves como fiebre, anemia, e ictericia. La patogenia de la enfermedad implica daño
a los vasos sanguíneos, riñones, pulmones, hígado, y otros órganos. El estándar de
oro para el diagnóstico es la prueba aglutinación microscópica (MAT), aunque
también se utilizan pruebas de inmunohistoquímica, ELISA y PCR. El presente
estudio, tuvo como objetivo general detectar seropositividad a Leptospira patógena
en rumiantes atendidos en el Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad San
Sebastián, Sede la Patagonia, mediante la Prueba de MAT. Se muestrearon 43
animales de diferentes especies (bovinos, ovinos, caprinos y alpaca), de los cuales,
30 tuvieron una exposición a Leptospira spp, dando una tasa de seropositividad del
69,7% (IC 95% = 56,0-83,4). En bovinos, la tasa se seropositividad fue de un 85,0%
(IC 95% = 69,0-100), mientras que, en ovinos, caprinos y alpacas fue de 66,7% (IC
95% = 32,2-87,0), 25,0 (IC 95% = 0-67,4) y 0%, respectivamente. Además, se
detectó una alta frecuencia de muestras reactivas a el serogrupo Tarassovi (70,0%)
y otros serogrupos diagnosticados fueron Sejroe (30,0%) y Autumnalis (10,0%). Los
títulos de anticuerpos en los animales seropositivos variaron entre 1:100 y 1:1600,
observándose una mayor frecuencia de títulos de 1:400 (36,6%), 1:800 (30,0%) y
1:200 (16,6%). Considerado lo anterior, son necesarias nuevas investigaciones
científicas que exploren la función epidemiológica de distintas especies de animales
rumiantes y su interacción con los distintos serogrupos/serovares de Leptospira
patógena tanto en Chile, como en el mundo.Leptospirosis is a globally widespread bacterial disease affecting health and
production of livestock, causing abortions, stillbirths, and births of weak animals.
There are more than 250 serotypes and 24 pathogenic serogroups. It is especially
prevalent in tropical and subtropical climates, where environmental conditions favor
the survival of Leptospira. In ruminants, the disease can cause reproductive
problems and serious symptoms such as fever, anemia, and jaundice. The
pathogenesis of the disease involves damage to blood vessels, kidneys, lungs, liver,
and other organs. The gold standard for diagnosis is the Microscopic Agglutination
Test (MAT), although immunohistochemistry, ELISA and PCR tests are also used.
The general objective of the present study was to detect seropositivity to pathogenic
Leptospira in ruminants at the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of the San Sebastián
University, Patagonia Campus, using the MAT. A total of 43 animals of different
species (cattle, sheep, goats and alpaca) were sampled, of which 30 had exposure
to Leptospira spp, with a seropositivity rate of 69.7% (95% CI = 56.0-83.4). In cattle,
the seropositivity rate was 85.0% (95% CI = 69.0-100), while in sheep, goats and
alpacas it was 66.7% (95% CI = 32.2-100). 87.0), 25.0% (95% CI = 0-67.4) and 0%,
respectively. In addition, a high frequency of samples reactive to the Tarassovi
serogroup was detected (70.0%) and other serogroups diagnosed were Sejroe
(30.0%) and Autumnalis (10.0%). Antibody titers in seropositive animals ranged
between 1:100 and 1:1600, with a higher frequency of titers of 1:400 (36.6%), 1:800
(30.0%) and 1:200 (16,6%). More scientific research is necessary to explore the
epidemiological function of different species of ruminant animals and their interaction
with the different serogroups/serovars of pathogenic Leptospira both in Chile and in
the world
Actitudes y percepciones de estudiantes de enseñanza media sobre la discapacidad: Un estudio de caso
Get PDFLa educación inclusiva tiene como objetivo asegurar el acceso, la participación y la permanencia de todos los estudiantes en el sistema educativo. En torno a este tema, se han realizado diversas investigaciones sobre las actitudes y percepciones hacia las personas con discapacidad; sin embargo, existe una escasa indagación en lo que respecta a estudiantes de enseñanza media y su perspectiva sobre las personas en situación de discapacidad. En este contexto, la presenteinvestigación tiene como propósito analizar las actitudes y percepciones que tienen los estudiantes de enseñanza media de colegios públicos de la región del Biobío hacia las personas con discapacidad. La metodologíaempleada corresponde a un estudio de caso de enfoque cuantitativo,utilizando una encuesta como instrumento de recopilación de datos. La muestra está compuesta por 35 estudiantes de 7º y 8º básico de colegios públicos de la región. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que las actitudes y percepciones de los estudiantes, en su mayoría, son positivas hacia las personas con discapacidad. No obstante, se considera relevantecontinuar investigando sobre esta temática para profundizar en losfactores que inciden en la formación de estas actitudes y en el contexto educativo.Inclusive education aims to ensure access, participation and permanence of all students in the educational system. On this topic, several researches
have been conducted on attitudes and perceptions towards people with disabilities; however, there is little research on high school students and
their perspective on people with disabilities. In this context, the purpose of this research is to analyze the attitudes and perceptions that high school
students from public schools in the Biobío region have towards people with disabilities. The methodology used corresponds to a case study witha quantitative approach, using a survey as a data collection instrument.
The sample is composed of 35 7th and 8th grade students from public in the region. The results obtained allow us to conclude that theattitudes and perceptions of the students, for the most part, are positivetowards people with disabilities. However, it is considered relevant tocontinue researching this topic in order to deepen the factors thatinfluence the formation of these attitudes and the educational context
En camino hacia la recuperación de la dignidad. Aportes desde el coaching ontológico
No full textLa dignidad humana es una dimensión trascendental para la existencia del ser humano, y puede ser abordado desde diversas perspectivas. El estudio exploró cómo han vivenciado las distintas experiencias y situaciones que asocian a la dignidad humana los académicos (as) y funcionarios (as) que laboran en una universidad pública chilena. Para ello, consideró un diseño cualitativo, de tipo fenomenológico, derivado de la opción fenomenológica que provee la propuesta de la Ontología del lenguaje. Se aplicó entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad a diez participantes de ambos sexos. Las experiencias de indignidad se relacionaron, entre otros contextos, con maltrato familiar, abuso, pobreza, acoso laboral y vulneración de derechos sociales y académicos. Las de dignidad, con condiciones laborales adecuadas, reconocimiento, buen trato, denuncias por violencia de género, apoyo y solidaridad en relaciones familiares y sociales, junto con el respeto a los valores culturales. El estudio constató que la dignidad humana se comportó como un fenómeno flexible, multifacético, de gran plasticidad y muy significativo para los seres humanos, tanto en su dimensión existencial, como en la toma de decisiones vitales. Así, diversos patrones emocionales y corporales actuaron como indicadores de la percepción de dignidad o indignidad. Los patrones del lenguaje y las narrativas permitieron superar espacios de indignidad; en cambio los juicios negativos, promovieron espacios de indignidad. Los múltiples sistemas mostraron elementos cargados de influencias que favorecían o dificultaban la dignidad de manera importante. Se identificaron aprendizajes que se tradujeron en distintas competencias con cambios de patrones conductuales y corporales; cambios de narrativas y emprendimiento de nuevas acciones. De esta forma, el estudio permitió demostrar que existen amplias posibilidades para continuar profundizando en el tema de la dignidad desde la mirada ontológica. Finalmente, se insiste en el carácter conjetural del estudio realizado el cual no es expuesto como una verdad absoluta, sino como una posibilidad de aportar a la dignidad humana desde la mirada de la Ontología del lenguaje.Human dignity is a transcendental dimension for human existence and can be approached from various perspectives. The study explored how different experiences and situations associated with human dignity were perceived by academics and staff working at a public university in Chile. A qualitative, phenomenological design, derived from the phenomenological option provided by the Ontology of Language proposal, was used. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with ten participants of both genders. Experiences of indignity were related to family maltreatment, abuse, poverty, workplace harassment, and social and academic rights violations. Dignity-related experiences were linked to adequate working conditions, professional recognition, good treatment, reports of gender-based violence, and support and solidarity in family and social relationships, along with respect for cultural values. The study found that human dignity behaved as a flexible, multifaceted phenomenon, highly significant for human beings, both in their existential dimension and in vital decision-making. Emotional and bodily patterns acted as indicators of the perception of dignity or indignity. Language patterns and narratives helped overcome indignity, whereas negative judgments promoted it. Multiple systems showed influential elements that significantly favored or hindered dignity. Learnings translated into competencies with changes in behavioral and bodily patterns, narrative shifts, and new actions. The study highlighted extensive possibilities for further exploration of dignity from an ontological perspective. Finally, it emphasized the conjectural nature of the study, presenting it not as an absolute truth but as a possibility to contribute to human dignity through the Ontology of Language perspective
Impacto en la Calidad de vida percibida por personas mayores que participan en el programa MAS Adultos Mayores Autovalentes: Un Estudio Preliminar
No full textThe population of elderly people has been increasing worldwide. Chile has not been oblivious to this reality and, with the purpose of increasing participation and promoting the self-sufficiency of the elderly, the Chilean Government has launched the MAS Adultos Mayores Autovalentes (More Self-sufficient Older Adults) Program. Objective: To analyze the impact on the perceived quality of life of elderly people who participate in the MAS Adultos Mayores Autovalentes Program. Methodology: Prospective longitudinal analytical quantitative study. The questionnaire "The World Health Organization Quality of Life" (WHOQOL-BREF) was applied to 15 elderly people (M=71.60 years, SD=4.53) participating in the MAS AMA program in the commune of Molina, Maule Region - Chile, selected by convenience sampling. Results: Statistically significant effects were found in three of the dimensions evaluated in the quality of life questionnaire; however, in two other dimensions and in global results, no statistically significant effects were found. Conclusion: Participation in programs aimed at promoting autonomy in the elderly has a positive impact on perceived quality of life
Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in the Field of Cancer Biomarker Detection : A Review
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Biomarkers play a pivotal role in the screening, diagnosis, prevention, and post-treatment follow-up of various malignant tumors. In certain instances, identifying these markers necessitates prior treatment due to the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment. Consequently, advancing techniques that exhibit selectivity, specificity, and enable streamlined analysis hold significant importance. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are considered synthetic antibodies because they possess the property of molecular recognition with high selectivity and sensitivity. In recent years, there has been a notable surge in the investigation of these materials, primarily driven by their remarkable adaptability in terms of tailoring them for specific target molecules and integrating them into diverse analytical technologies. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of molecular imprinting techniques, highlighting their application in developing sensors and analytical methods for cancer detection, diagnosis, and monitoring. Therefore, MIPs offer great potential in oncology and show promise for improving the accuracy of cancer screening and diagnosis procedures
Estudio del impacto de perros (Canis familiaris) y gatos (Felis silvestris catus) en fauna silvestre ingresada al Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre de la Universidad San Sebastián, Sede De la Patagonia, Chile, en el período del año 20150 al 2022
No full textEn presente estudio analiza el impacto de perros (Canis familiaris) y gatos
(Felis silvestris catus) en la fauna silvestre que ingresó al Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre (CEREFAS) de la Universidad San Sebastián,
Sede Patagonia, entre los años 2015 y 2022. El objetivo principal es evaluar el
daño causado por estos animales domésticos, identificados como especies
invasoras, mediante el análisis de fichas clínicas de los animales atendidos en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre. La investigación recopiló y analizó datos de 76 ejemplares afectados, encontrando que el 80% de los casos fueron debidos a ataques de perros y el 20% a ataques de gatos. Se consideraron diferentes variables como el destino de los animales ingresados (eutanasia, liberación, fallecimiento), la edad de las especies afectadas (juveniles y adultos), y el tipo de especies (principalmente aves y mamíferos). Además, se observaron variaciones en el número de ingresos según las estaciones del año, con un notable descenso en 2020 debido a la
pandemia de COVID-19. Los resultados subrayan la importancia de la tenencia responsable de mascotas para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Se recomienda la implementación de políticas públicas y programas educativos para promover prácticas adecuadas en el manejo de perros y gatos, con el fin de reducir su impacto negativo en la fauna silvestre. En conclusión, aunque tanto perros como gatos afectan significativamente a la fauna silvestre, los perros presentan un mayor porcentaje de ataques. La promoción de una tenencia responsable y la formulación de políticas efectivas son esenciales para mitigar este problema y proteger la biodiversidad.The present study analyzes the impact of dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis silvestris catus) on the wildlife admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center (CEREFAS) of the Universidad San Sebastián, Patagonia Campus, between the years 2015 and 2022. The main objective is to evaluate the damage caused by
these domestic animals, identified as invasive species, through the analysis of
clinical records of the animals treated at the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center. The research collected and analyzed data from 76 affected species, finding that 80% of the cases were due to dog attacks and 20% to cat attacks. Various variables were considered, such as the fate of the admitted animals (euthanasia, release, death), the age of the affected species (juveniles and adults), and the type of species (mainly birds and mammals). Additionally, variations in the number of admissions were observed according to the seasons of the year, with a notable decrease in The results highlight the importance of responsible pet ownership for biodiversity conservation. The implementation of public policies and educational programs to promote appropriate practices in the management of dogs and cats is recommended to reduce their negative impact on wildlife. In conclusion, although both dogs and cats significantly affect wildlife, dogs present a higher percentage of attacks. Promoting responsible ownership and formulating effective policies are essential to mitigate this problem and protect biodiversity.2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Focus on the future of water-limited agricultural landscapes
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing LtdWater scarcity and related climate volatility are growing constraints on agricultural production landscapes around the world. While the adaptation options available are often dictated by system context, in many places broad-scale transformations are occurring in response to water-related pressures. We sought contributions from across regions, agricultural system types, and scientific disciplines to examine agricultural land use transitions driven by water scarcity, including the tradeoffs associated with alternative land uses; impacts on food production, environment, and society; innovations that can buffer risk; and considerations for planning and implementation. The research presented in this collection highlights the spectrum of policy and practice changes that are needed to facilitate beneficial land use transitions and system transformations, from quantifying risks, to evaluating multidimensional tradeoffs, to developing socio-technical policy bundles to maximize co-benefits
Diseño de una propuesta de mejora en la gestión de inventarios de repuesto y suministros del área de mantenimiento del Instituto Sanitas S.A.
No full textIngeniería en Logística y Transporte Advance, Licenciado en Ciencias de la IngenieríaEl presente Proyecto de Título diseño de una propuesta de mejora en la gestión de inventario de repuestos y suministros del área de mantenimiento , tiene como objetivo principal diseñar un plan de mejora de procesos basado en el ciclo de Deming y la metodología de las 5s, para disminuir los tiempos de paradas de máquinas en el laboratorio farmacéutico Sanitas S.A. En el desarrollo de esta investigación se aplicará de forma cuantitativa, explicativa y experimental, la cual establecerá la causa y efecto de lo que las investigadoras desean estudiar en 67 semanas. La técnica utilizada es la observación del almacén caótico del área de mantenimiento, donde se emplea la recopilación de información del antes y después de la aplicación del ciclo de Deming. La incorporación de un manejo de inventarios cíclicos o periódicos le permitirá al almacén caótico tener un mayor control de sus existencias, mejorar la eficiencia de la administración y otras ventajas relacionadas a la calidad de la operación y los costos asociados. Es fundamental tener un equipo calificado para cumplir con las necesidades del cliente interno y mantener los estándares requeridos por la industria. Un equipo bien calificado no solo garantiza que se sigan los procedimientos adecuados, manteniendo los estándares de calidad, sino que puedan contribuir a la innovación y la mejora continua dentro del almacén.The main objective of our thesis project design of a proposal for improvement in the inventory management of spare parts and supplies in the maintenance area is to design a process improvement plan based on the Deming cycle and the 5s methodology, to reduce machine downtime at the Sanitas S.A. pharmaceutical laboratory. In the development of this research, methods will be applied quantitative, explanatory and experimental way, which will establish the cause and effect of what the researchers want to study in 67 weeks. The technique used is the observation of the chaotic warehouse of the maintenance area, where the collection of information before and after the application of the Deming cycle is used. The incorporation of cyclical or periodic inventory management will allow the chaotic warehouse to have greater control of its stocks, improve administration efficiency and other advantages related to the quality of the operation and the associated costs. It is essential to have a qualified team to meet the needs of the internal customer and maintain the standards required by the industry. A well-qualified team not only ensures that proper procedures are followed, maintaining quality standards, but they can contribute to innovation and continuous improvement within the warehouse
Detraining’s Effects on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Maximal and Explosive Strength in Army Soldiers: Does Age Matter? : Does Age Matter?
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Purpose: This study investigated the impact of four weeks of age-dependent detraining on army soldiers’ cardiorespiratory fitness and maximal and explosive strength. Methods: Fourteen volunteer tactical athletes participated, divided into two age groups (20 to 29 and 30 to 40 years). Before and after the detraining period, we assessed their anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, fat mass, and fat-free mass), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] and ventilatory thresholds [VT1 and VT2]), and kinematic properties during a single-leg counter-moving jump (CMJ) test for both the dominant and non-dominant legs. Two-way ANOVA followed by the Holm–Sidak post hoc test was used. Results: The anthropometric and cardiovascular variables did not show significant differences between the groups. However, both groups exhibited a significantly reduced maximum time and speed at the VO2max. Furthermore, the flight time and maximum height during the CMJ significantly decreased in the non-dominant leg for both age groups. Notably, the dominant leg’s concentric impulse (CI) significantly reduced during the CMJ, but this effect was observed only in the 30–40 age group. There were significant differences between the two age groups. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that four weeks of detraining negatively impacts aerobic fitness and muscular strength, independently of age. However, the dominant leg may be more susceptible to detraining effects in army soldiers aged 30–40. Furthermore, as a perspective, our results strongly suggest that a detraining period could affect successful missions (aerobic performance deterioration), as well as promote a muscle imbalance between the legs, which could encourage muscle injuries and endanger combat missions
