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Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023) : From basic to advanced approaches
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly
Diseño de una propuesta de mejora en el proceso operativo del área de esterilización de la Universidad San Sebastián Sede Bellavista
No full textDatos publicados en 2023 de la Universidad San Sebastián, afirman que la
institución ha presentado un aumento considerable en la cantidad de
matriculados, siendo la mayor parte de ellos correspondientes a las carreras de
salud. Una de las carreras con mayor cantidad de estudiantes en la Sede
Bellavista corresponde a Odontología y en este contexto se ha identificado la
necesidad de mejorar el proceso de esterilización del instrumental odontológico
utilizado por sus alumnos. Este proceso es fundamental para garantizar la
seguridad y la calidad de la atención dental proporcionada en sus clínicas.
La optimización del proceso de esterilización es crucial, ya que un procedimiento
eficiente y efectivo no solo asegura la eliminación de microorganismos
patógenos, sino que también contribuye a la disponibilidad oportuna del
instrumental necesario para las prácticas clínicas. Esto, a su vez, mejora la
experiencia educativa de los estudiantes y la satisfacción de los pacientes
atendidos.
Se realizó un levantamiento de información detallado para abordar problemas en
el proceso de esterilización. Entre los problemas identificados se encuentran la
falta de estandarización en los procedimientos, tiempos de espera prolongados
y una mala distribución del área de trabajo, afectando la eficiencia y efectividad
del proceso.
El objetivo de este informe es presentar una propuesta de mejora que permita
aumentar la eficiencia operacional del área de esterilización. La propuesta
incluye la implementación de metodologías de mejora continua como el ciclo
PHVA, principios Lean y la metodología 5S, con el fin de estandarizar
procedimientos, optimizar el flujo de trabajo y gestionar de manera más eficiente
el proceso de esterilización del instrumental odontológico. Además, se realizó un
análisis de costo-beneficio que evidencia que los beneficios superaran a los
costos desde el cuarto mes de la implementación en adelante, demostrando la
viabilidad económica de las mejoras propuestas.Data published in 2023 by Universidad San Sebastián indicates that the institution
has seen a considerable increase in the number of enrolled students, with the
majority being in health-related programs. One of the programs with the highest
number of students at the Bellavista Campus is Dentistry. In this context, the need
to improve the sterilization process of dental instruments used by students has
been identified. This process is fundamental to ensuring the safety and quality of
dental care provided in their clinics.
Optimizing the sterilization process is crucial, as an efficient and effective
procedure not only ensures the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms but also
contributes to the timely availability of the necessary instruments for clinical
practices. This, in turn, enhances the educational experience of the students and
the satisfaction of the patients treated.
To address this need, a detailed information gathering was conducted, identifying
the main problems and their causes. Among the detected problems are the lack
of standardization in procedures, prolonged waiting times, and poor distribution
of the work area. These factors negatively affect the efficiency and effectiveness
of the sterilization process.
The objective of this report is to present an improvement proposal to increase the
operational efficiency of the sterilization area. The proposal includes the
implementation of continuous improvement methodologies such as the PDCA
cycle, Lean principles, and the 5S methodology, in order to standardize
procedures, optimize workflow, and manage the sterilization process of dental
instruments more efficiently. Additionally, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted,
which shows that the benefits will exceed the costs from the fourth month of
implementation onwards, demonstrating the economic viability of the proposed
improvements
Efecto de las bebidas energéticas en la salud mental de adolescentes y jóvenes: Revisión sistemática
No full textIntroducción: Enfermería debe realizar una valoración integral del adolescente o joven, no sólo del área física, sino también mental, para poder intervenir en forma temprana sobre hábitos de riesgo. Objetivo: Conocer cómo afecta el consumo de bebidas energéticas en la salud mental de adolescentes y jóvenes. Metodología: Revisión sistemática en las bases de datos Web Of Science, Medline, Scopus y Pubmed utilizando los descriptores: bebidas energéticas, salud mental, adulto joven y adolescente, los criterios de inclusión fueron; artículos publicados desde el 2017, en idioma español, inglés o portugués y cuya población fueran adolescentes y/o jóvenes (rango de edad 13 - 25 años). Se identificaron 372 artículos de forma inicial, quedando 10 para su análisis en texto completo y evaluación metodológica mediante pautas CASPe. Resultados: 9 estudios con diseño transversal y 1 estudio de cohorte, según estos ser consumidor frecuente, o después de consumir bebidas energéticas, los niveles de ansiedad, depresión y, en menor medida, la agresividad y riesgo suicida, aumentan en comparación con aquellos que no consumen, siendo más afectados los adolescentes de género masculino. Conclusiones: Si bien se evidenció relación entre el consumo de bebidas energéticas y riesgos para la salud mental, la mayoría de las investigaciones examinadas utilizaron diseños transversales, por lo cual no es posible determinar causalidad o dirección del efecto. Se requieren estudios longitudinales y de intervención para estudiar con mayor profundidad el tema planteado puesto que el consumo de bebidas energizantes es algo regular y los problemas de salud mental van en aumento
Impacto neurológico a largo plazo de la hipoglucemia neonatal : revisión de la literatura (2014-2024)
Get PDFObjetivo: Sistematizar la literatura científica acerca de las secuelas neurológicas a largo plazo de la hipoglucemia durante el periodo neonatal. Metodología: Revisión de tipo bibliográfica. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos obtenidos en bases de datos como PUBMED, EBSCO y Scopus, luego de realizar una minuciosa búsqueda y selección de estudios. Resultados: La hipoglucemia neonatal puede causar secuelas neurológicas que afectan principalmente las funciones cognitivas y motoras y se sugiere una asociación entre la duración del cuadro hipoglucémico y la severidad del deterioro neurológico. Además se logró identificar que existen áreas del cerebro específicas que se ven afectadas con mayor importancia y frecuencia luego de un episodio de hipoglucemia, tales como la corteza cerebral, región parieto-occipital y los ganglios basales. Conclusiones: La hipoglucemia neonatal puede generar secuelas neurológicas, entre las más comunes se encontraron alteraciones en la función cognitiva y la función motora, sin embargo, aún no se han identificado completamente los mecanismos de acción involucrados, aunque sí se reconoce que pueden causar lesiones cerebrales importantes, sería necesario que se puedan realizar estudios de tipo longitudinal y ampliar geográficamente la investigación a Chile y latinoamérica, para poder interpretar la literatura disponible actual en términos de prevención, estrategia de detección y tratamiento.Objective: To systematize the scientific literature on the long-term neurological sequelae of hypoglycemia during the neonatal period. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted. A search for scientific articles was performed using databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, and Scopus, following a thorough search and selection of studies. Results: Neonatal hypoglycemia can cause neurological sequelae that primarily affect cognitive and motor functions. There is a suggested association between the duration of the hypoglycemic episode and the severity of neurological impairment. Additionally, specific brain areas were identified as being more significantly and frequently affected after a hypoglycemic episode, such as the cerebral cortex, parieto-occipital region, and basal ganglia. Conclusion: Neonatal hypoglycemia can lead to neurological sequelae, with the most common being cognitive and motor function impairments. However, the mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood, although it is recognized that significant brain damage can result. Longitudinal studies and an expansion of research to Chile and Latin America would be necessary to interpret the current available literature in terms of prevention, detection strategies, and treatment
Comprehensive Analysis of Model Errors in Blueberry Detection and Maturity Classification : Identifying Limitations and Proposing Future Improvements in Agricultural Monitoring
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.In blueberry farming, accurately assessing maturity is critical to efficient harvesting. Deep Learning solutions, which are increasingly popular in this area, often undergo evaluation through metrics like mean average precision (mAP). However, these metrics may only partially capture the actual performance of the models, especially in settings with limited resources like those in agricultural drones or robots. To address this, our study evaluates Deep Learning models, such as YOLOv7, RT-DETR, and Mask-RCNN, for detecting and classifying blueberries. We perform these evaluations on both powerful computers and embedded systems. Using Type-Influence Detector Error (TIDE) analysis, we closely examine the accuracy of these models. Our research reveals that partial occlusions commonly cause errors, and optimizing these models for embedded devices can increase their speed without losing precision. This work improves the understanding of object detection models for blueberry detection and maturity estimation
Bioenergetic shift and proteomic signature induced by lentiviral-transduction of GFP-based biosensors
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsFluorescent proteins (FPs) stand as pivotal tools extensively employed across diverse biological research endeavors in various model systems. However, long-standing concerns surround their use due to the numerous side effects associated with their expression. Recent investigations have brought to light the significance of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that is associated with the maturation process of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorophores. The structural and functional impairments associated with GFP expression are possibly linked to this amount of H2O2. In this study, we assess the impact of the GFP-based HyPer7 biosensor on cellular homeostasis and proteome changes, aiming to identify potential risks related to oxidative stress responses that potentially risks the application of such tools. Cells expressing genome-integrated HyPer7 demonstrated altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which was alleviated by the addition of antioxidants or culturing cells at physiological normoxia (5 kPa O2). Additionally, HyPer7-expressing cells also exhibited significant impairment in mitochondrial oxidative respiration, suggesting broader mitochondrial dysfunction. Through untargeted proteomics analysis, we identified 26 proteins exhibiting differential expression in HyPer7-expressing cells compared to respective control cells. Functional annotation analysis showed that the list of the delineated proteins is associated with cellular responses to stress and the regulation of antioxidant mechanisms. Our findings underscore the significance of caution and validation in ensuring a thorough comprehension of cellular responses when using fluorescent protein-based tools, thereby enhancing the reliability of the results
Innovative Approach to AccelerateWound Healing: Synthesis and Validation of Enzymatically Cross-Linked COL–rGO Biocomposite Hydrogels
No full textIn this study, an innovative conductive hybrid biomaterial was synthetized using collagen (COL) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in order for it to be used as a wound dressing. The hydrogels were plasticized with glycerol and enzymatically cross-linked with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). A successful interaction among the components was demonstrated by FTIR, XRD, and XPS. It was demonstrated that increasing the rGO concentration led to higher conductivity and negative charge density values. Moreover, rGO also improved the stability of hydrogels, which was expressed by a reduction in the biodegradation rate. Furthermore, the hydrogel’s stability against the enzymatic action of collagenase type I was also strengthened by both the enzymatic cross-linking and the polymerization of dopamine. However, their absorption capacity, reaching values of 215 g/g, indicates the high potential of the hydrogels to absorb fluids. The rise of these properties positively influenced the wound closure process, achieving an 84.5% in vitro closure rate after 48 h. These findings clearly demonstrate that these original composite biomaterials can be a viable choice for wound healing purposes
Innovative Approach to AccelerateWound Healing: Synthesis and Validation of Enzymatically Cross-Linked COL–rGO Biocomposite Hydrogels
No full textIn this study, an innovative conductive hybrid biomaterial was synthetized using collagen (COL) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in order for it to be used as a wound dressing. The hydrogels were plasticized with glycerol and enzymatically cross-linked with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). A successful interaction among the components was demonstrated by FTIR, XRD, and XPS. It was demonstrated that increasing the rGO concentration led to higher conductivity and negative charge density values. Moreover, rGO also improved the stability of hydrogels, which was expressed by a reduction in the biodegradation rate. Furthermore, the hydrogel’s stability against the enzymatic action of collagenase type I was also strengthened by both the enzymatic cross-linking and the polymerization of dopamine. However, their absorption capacity, reaching values of 215 g/g, indicates the high potential of the hydrogels to absorb fluids. The rise of these properties positively influenced the wound closure process, achieving an 84.5% in vitro closure rate after 48 h. These findings clearly demonstrate that these original composite biomaterials can be a viable choice for wound healing purposes
Machine Learning-Driven Classification of Urease Inhibitors Leveraging Physicochemical Properties as Effective Filter Criteria
No full textUrease, a pivotal enzyme in nitrogen metabolism, plays a crucial role in various microorganisms, including the pathogenic Helicobacter pylori. Inhibiting urease activity offers a promising approach to combating infections and associated ailments, such as chronic kidney diseases and gastric cancer. However, identifying potent urease inhibitors remains challenging due to resistance issues that hinder traditional approaches. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based models have demonstrated the ability to predict the bioactivity of molecules rapidly and effectively. In this study, we present ML models designed to predict urease inhibitors by leveraging essential physicochemical properties. The methodological approach involved constructing a dataset of urease inhibitors through an extensive literature search. Subsequently, these inhibitors were characterized based on physicochemical properties calculations. An exploratory data analysis was then conducted to identify and analyze critical features. Ultimately, 252 classification models were trained, utilizing a combination of seven ML algorithms, three attribute selection methods, and six different strategies for categorizing inhibitory activity. The investigation unveiled discernible trends distinguishing urease inhibitors from non-inhibitors. This differentiation enabled the identification of essential features that are crucial for precise classification. Through a comprehensive comparison of ML algorithms, tree-based methods like random forest, decision tree, and XGBoost exhibited superior performance. Additionally, incorporating the "chemical family type" attribute significantly enhanced model accuracy. Strategies involving a gray-zone categorization demonstrated marked improvements in predictive precision. This research underscores the transformative potential of ML in predicting urease inhibitors. The meticulous methodology outlined herein offers actionable insights for developing robust predictive models within biochemical systems
Cardiorespiratory arrest triggering thyroid storm: case report
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024Introduction: A thyroid storm is a rare but highly lethal disease. It is characterized by exaggerated symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and it can lead to multiorgan failure and cardiopulmonary arrest. Case Report: A 35-year-old man with no prior medical history presented with a two-week history of palpitations and epigastric pain, which abruptly worsened over 24 hours, accompanied by nausea and diaphoresis. During transportation to the emergency department, he experienced cardiopulmonary arrest and multiorgan failure during his hospitalization. Family reported recent hyperthyroid symptoms led to the consideration of a thyroid storm diagnosis. Thyroid function tests revealed a free T4 level greater than 7.7 ng/dl and a TSH level less than 0.005 μIU/ml. The patient was treated with thiamazole, hydrocortisone, and propranolol, showing favorable progression. Discussion and Conclusion: Opportune diagnosis of a thyroid storm is crucial, as early management and detection reduce complications and mortality. Once suspected, resuscitation measures and pharmacological treatment should be initiated to mitigate the effects of thyroid hormones.Introducción: La tormenta tiroidea se caracteriza por síntomas exagerados de hipertiroidismo, pudiendo ocasionar falla multiorgánica y paro cardiorrespiratorio. Es un fenómeno poco frecuente, pero con elevada mortalidad. Caso clínico: hombre de 35 años, sin antecedentes, con cuadro de 2 semanas de palpitaciones y epigastralgia, que en 24 horas presenta exacerbación importante, agregándose náuseas y diaforesis. En el traslado a urgencias presenta paro cardiorrespiratorio por asistolia, cursando posteriormente con falla multiorgánica durante su hospitalización. En base a antecedentes otorgados por la familia de una clínica hipertiroidea reciente, se plantea posible diagnóstico de tormenta tiroidea. Se ordenan pruebas tiroideas, resultando en T4 libre mayor a 7,7 ng/dl y TSH menor a 0,005μUI/ml. Se maneja con tiamazol, hidrocortisona y propranolol, evolucionando favorablemente. Discusión y Conclusión: Es necesario un diagnóstico oportuno, pues un manejo y detección precoz disminuye complicaciones y mortalidad. Una vez sospechada, deben iniciarse medidas de reanimación y tratamiento farmacológico que disminuya los efectos de hormonas tiroideas