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Aspectos condicionantes que no proporciona la formación profesional de la educación superior en el rubro de la hotelería para el mercado laboral en Chile
Get PDFIngeniería en Gestión de Expediciones y Ecoturismo, Licenciado en Ciencias de la IngenieríaLa presente investigación tiene como finalidad identificar los aspectos condicionantes que provocan las brechas existentes entre la formación académica de los egresados de carreras de hotelería y las necesidades de la industria hotelera. El objetivo es identificar las competencias, habilidades y requerimientos que exige el mercado laboral del rubro. Analizando en qué medida las mallas curriculares de las instituciones de educación superior proporcionan tales aptitudes. Para ello se estudiarán los planes de estudio de las universidades e instituciones de educación superior que imparten carreras de hotelería. Junto con lo anterior, se analizarán los requisitos que establecen los hoteles para la selección y contratación del personal. Los resultados obtenidos generarán un antecedente para el fortalecimiento del proceso formativo y un enriquecimiento para el mismo.This investigation stands on the identification of the conditionating aspects which produce the existing gaps between graduated academic hospitality career skills, and what the hospitality industry needs. The main purpose is to recognize the knowledge, skills and requirements that the labor market in the sector demands. Analyzing the extent and the curricular frameworks of higher education institutions which provide such skills. Therefore, the study plans corresponding to universities and educational institutes, which offer hospitality careers, will be analyzed. Aswell, hotel requirements for selection and recruitment. The results will provide information which will strengthen the training process and will result in an enrichment and meaningful result
Análisis crítico de los discursos en torno a los programas de deporte en edad escolar en Chile
No full textINTRODUCCIÓN. Desde el ámbito institucional, se considera el deporte un adecuado vehículo educativo para la formación integral y el desarrollo de valores en la infancia y adolescencia. Por ello, predominan los discursos que remarcan el carácter pedagógico del deporte y la contribución positiva de su práctica en los ámbitos físico, psicológico y social. Sin embargo, diversos autores, desde una perspectiva crítica, cuestionan la implícita asociación del deporte con sus beneficios educativos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los discursos institucionales en torno a los programas deportivos con carácter educativo orientados a la población en edad escolar en Santiago de Chile (Región Metropolitana) y contrastarlos con los discursos de profesionales y de participantes. MÉTODO. Seguimos un diseño cualitativo con dos fases: 1) Análisis categorial de contenido de un corpus documental institucional. 2) Entrevistas a profesionales y participantes de los programas en relación con las categorías obtenidas en la fase anterior. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN. Los resultados no muestran controversias ni divergencias entre los discursos de las tres fuentes de información analizadas, y son discutidos en torno a tres ejes que otorgan legitimidad al deporte, tanto como fenómeno sociocultural como en su forma de programa educativo de intervención: el deporte es bueno en sí mismo, el deporte está asociado a la salud y al estilo de vida saludable, y el deporte como vehículo adecuado para la formación de buenos ciudadanos. CONCLUSIONES. Prevalece una mirada universal, acrítica y sacralizada del deporte, que constituye un régimen de verdad sobre formas ideales de ser, manteniendo su carácter civilizador y funcional. Finalizamos aportando implicaciones pedagógicas y perspectivas futuras de investigación
Seismic evaluation of Site-City interaction effects between city blocks
No full textIn urban environments, buildings are often seismically designed with their standalone response, such as isolated structures devoid of surrounding structures. Nonetheless, there is always a chance that a significant seismic interaction between nearby buildings through the underlying soil will occur in big urban areas with high building densities. This paper evaluates the Site-City interaction (SCI) between different city block arrangements under seismic excitation given different parameters of the buildings and centre-to-centre interbuilding distances. A database of strong ground motion records with Far-Field, Near-Field Without Pulse and Near-Field Pulse-Like characteristics are employed. The results suggest that the SCI effects were strongly influenced by the building properties and resonance effects of the soil stratum. Furthermore, as a mean for all the earthquakes considered here, the SCI can amplify or reduce the seismic response of the buildings, depending on the relative position between the city blocks
Evaluation of energy and lighting in schools considering solar protections
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsThe implementation of the solar protections laid out in the regulations and certification systems decreases cooling demands, although it has an uncontrolled and even unforeseen effect on daylighting. Achieving a balance between both requirements is a challenge for facade design, energy behavior, and lighting performance since restricting solar radiation contributions decreases daylight's contribution. This research aims to define a methodology that allows, in the early design stage, the evaluation of solar protection solutions that consider the optimal performance of daylight using annual dynamic indicators while maintaining adequate energy-saving levels. For this purpose, cooling energy consumption and dynamic indicators have been considered as the primary indicators, namely Spatial daylight autonomy (sDA), Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE), and useful daylight illuminance (UDI) with variations of the Modified Solar Factor (MSF). Thermal and light performance assessments were made using energy modeling for two types of solar protection. The case study is a school classroom located in the city of Talca, in central Chile, considering window-to-wall ratios (WWR) of 40 %, 50 %, and 60 %. The premise's thermal and light behavior were obtained with both types of solar protection. The sDA and UDI results allowed making an approximation of optimal solutions, however, the ASE values in all cases, were classified as unsuitable for classroom use. The analysis suggests that better limit values for both requirements are obtained by organizing the results by WWR instead of by the MSF that each solution identifies. This methodology compared solar protection options at an early design stage, reaching recommended light performance levels and energy savings of 70 % or more, for the two types of solar protection. It is concluded that to achieve minimum acceptable daylighting levels, in balance with cooling energy consumption, it is necessary to consider annual dynamic assessments with sDA and UDI as relevant indicators
Clasificación de Rosemont para pancreatitis crónica
No full textLa pancreatitis crónica es una enfermedad fibroinflamatoria persistente del páncreas, más común en fumadores o alcohólicos. De igual forma se ha documentado predisposición genética con mutaciones de distintos genes. Usualmente se manifiesta con dolor abdominal recurrente y disfunción endocrina y exocrina, pudiendo llegar a desarrollar cáncer de páncreas y graves complicaciones en fases tardías. En Chile, se estima una incidencia anual de 0,8 casos por 100.000 habitantes, con una prevalencia de 6,1 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes. El diagnóstico temprano es un desafío para el cual la endosonografía ha destacado como una herramienta diagnóstica sensible y específica, especialmente con la implementación de la clasificación de Rosemont. Distintos estudios han validado la utilidad de esta clasificación. Sin embargo, la limitada disponibilidad de endosonografía en algunos países, como Chile, plantea desafíos para generalizar su aplicación. Se espera que en un futuro la clasificación de Rosemont se convierta en un estándar para el diagnóstico de pancreatitis crónica
Nucleon axial coupling constant in a magnetar environment
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Using appropriate QCD finite energy sum rules, we discuss the influence of an external magnetic field and baryonic density on the axial-vector coupling constant gA. This scenario corresponds to a magnetar environment. We found that gA decreases both as function of the magnetic field strength and the baryonic density. It turns out that at the nuclear density ρ0 the axial-vector coupling takes the value gA⁎≈0.92. Although gA decreases in general with the magnetic field intensity, gA⁎ does not change in a relevant way with the magnetic field
Supergravedades Topológicas Cuadridimensionales desde Teoría de Campos de Transgresión
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.In this work, we propose a four-dimensional gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten model, obtained as a dimensional reduction from a transgression field theory invariant under the N = 1 Poincaré supergroup. For this purpose, we consider that the two gauge connections on which the transgression action principle depends are given by linear and non-linear realizations of the gauge group respectively. The field content of the resulting four-dimensional theory is given by the gauge fields of the linear connection, in addition to a set of scalar and spinor multiplets in the same representation of the gauge supergroup, which in turn, correspond to the coordinates of the coset space between the gauge group and the five-dimensional Lorentz group. We then decompose the action in terms of four-dimensional quantities and derive the corresponding equations of motion. We extend our analysis to the non- and ultra- relativistic regimes
Coping trajectories of intensive care nurses as second victims : A grounded theory
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Australian College of Critical Care Nurses LtdA qualitative study that provides evidence of the institutional support required by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses as second victims of adverse events (AEs). Background: The phenomenon of second victims of AE in healthcare professionals can seriously impact professional confidence and contribute to the ongoing occurrence of AEs in hospitals. Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the coping trajectories of second victims among nurses working in ICUs in public hospitals in Chile. Methods: Conducting qualitative research through the grounded theory method, this study focused on high-complexity hospitals in Chile, using theoretical sampling. The participants consisted of 11 nurses working in ICUs. Techniques used included in-depth interviews conducted between March and May 2023, as well as a focus group interview. Analysis, following the grounded theory approach proposed by Strauss and Corbin, involved constant comparison of data. Open, axial, and selective coding were applied until theoretical data saturation was achieved. The study adhered to reliability and authenticity criteria, incorporating a reflexive process throughout the research. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee, and the study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. Results: From the interviews, 29 codes were identified, forming six categories: perception of support when facing an AE, perception of helplessness when facing an AE, initiators of AE, responses when facing an AE, professional responsibility, and perception of AE. The perception of support when facing an AE emerged as the main category, determining whether the outcome was stagnation or overcoming of the phenomenon after the AE. Conclusions: For the coping process of ICU nurses following an AE, the most crucial factor is the support from colleagues and supervisors
Protocolos de obtención de plasma rico en plaquetas en especies domésticas y silvestres. : revisión bibliográfica
No full textEl plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) es el volumen de plasma autólogo que contiene una alta concentración de plaquetas más factores de crecimiento y fibrina que ayudan a una rápida cicatrización de las heridas. Su uso se ha incrementado en los últimos años debido a sus propiedades biológicas y su aplicabilidad en terapias regenerativas.
Se han reportado múltiples casos de su uso en diferentes especies animales, tanto domésticas como silvestres. Sin embargo, los protocolos para obtener este PRP son muy diversos entre sí, lo que dificulta la comparación de resultados y la determinación de la calidad del plasma elaborado.
El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es establecer las principales diferencias en los protocolos de preparación de plasma rico en plaquetas para animales domésticos y silvestres, identificando el anticoagulante más usado y los promedios de los tiempos de centrifugado y de las concentraciones plaquetarias.
Esta revisión podría contribuir para optimizar resultados en estudios clínicos futuros, ya que entregará información útil para determinar que protocolos han sido más efectivos para obtener una concentración más alta de plaquetas, y cuales han fracasado en este ámbito.
La recolección de la información se realizó en distintas bases de datos y motores de búsqueda, utilizando filtros como términos de búsqueda específicos y operadores booleanos. Los resultados fueron presentados mediante gráficos.
Se llevó a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de un total de 52 procedimientos utilizados en la obtención de PRP (Plasma Rico en Plaquetas). En 32 de estos procedimientos se empleaba citrato de sodio como anticoagulante, siendo el anticoagulante más utilizado.
Según la información disponible, se observaba que los informes sobre la elaboración de PRP eran más frecuentes en equinos, con un total de 21 reportes.
En bovinos, las concentraciones plaquetarias varían significativamente entre individuos, presentando un rango más amplio de valores. Por otro lado, en equinos, se observa una menor dispersión de los datos, lo que indica que las concentraciones plaquetarias tienden a variar menos en esta especie en particular.
La mayoría de los protocolos analizados utilizaban un doble centrifugado (67%). Además, en la mayoría de los protocolos la velocidad de la segunda centrifugación era mayor, mientras que los minutos de centrifugado no cambiaban mucho entre primera y segunda centrifugación.Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is the autologous plasma volume that contains a high concentration of platelets, growth factors, and fibrin, which aid in rapid wound healing. Its use has increased in recent years due to its biological properties and applicability in regenerative therapies.
Multiple cases of its use have been reported in different animal species, both domestic and wild. However, the protocols for obtaining PRP are highly diverse, making it difficult to compare results and determine the quality of the prepared plasma.
The objective of this literature review is to establish the main differences in the protocols for preparing platelet-rich plasma for domestic and wild animals, identifying the most used anticoagulant and average centrifugation times and platelet concentrations.
This review could contribute to optimizing results in future clinical studies as it will provide useful information to determine which protocols have been more effective in obtaining a higher platelet concentration and which have failed in this regard.
The information search will be conducted in different databases and search engines using filters such as specific search terms and boolean operators. The results will be presented using graphs.
An exhaustive analysis was conducted on a total of 52 procedures used in obtaining PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma). In 32 of these procedures, sodium citrate was used as the anticoagulant, being the most commonly employed anticoagulant.
According to the available information, reports on the preparation of PRP were more frequent in horses, with a total of 21 reports.
In cattle, platelet concentrations vary significantly among individuals, showing a wider range of values. On the other hand, in horses, there is less dispersion in the data, indicating that platelet concentrations tend to vary less in this particular species.
The majority of the analyzed protocols involved a double centrifugation (67%).
Additionally, in most protocols, the speed of the second centrifugation was higher, while the minutes of centrifugation did not change significantly between the first and second centrifugations
Mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) induces extracellular matrix (ECM)-detachment of viable breast cancer cells by a DRP1-independent mechanism
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that cancer progression is under mitochondrial control. Mitochondrial fission plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of cancer cell homeostasis. The inhibition of DRP1, the main regulator of mitochondrial fission, with the mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) had been associated with cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutics and decrease proliferation. Here, using breast cancer cells we find that mdivi-1 induces the detachment of the cells, leading to a bulk of floating cells that conserved their viability. Despite a decrease in their proliferative and clonogenic capabilities, these floating cells maintain the capacity to re-adhere upon re-seeding and retain their migratory and invasive potential. Interestingly, the cell detachment induced by mdivi-1 is independent of DRP1 but relies on inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Furthermore, mdivi-1 induces cell detachment rely on glucose and the pentose phosphate pathway. Our data evidence a novel DRP1-independent effect of mdivi-1 in the attachment of cancer cells. The generation of floating viable cells restricts the use of mdivi-1 as a therapeutic agent and demonstrates that mdivi-1 effect on cancer cells are more complex than anticipated