Institutional Repository Universidad San Sebastián
Not a member yet
9206 research outputs found
Sort by
Tobacco policies and changes in the tendency of smoking cessation in cigarette users in Chile : A longitudinal cross-sectional study
No full textPublisher Copyright: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Objective To assess the impact of tobacco control regulations and policy implementation on smoking cessation tendencies in cigarette users born between 1982 and 1991 in Chile. Design Longitudinal cross-sectional study. Setting National level. Participants Data from the National Survey of Drug Consumption (Service of Prevention and Rehabilitation for Drug and Alcohol Consumption). A pseudo-cohort of smokers born between 1982 and 1991 (N=17 905) was tracked from 2002 to 2016. Primary and secondary outcomes measures Primary outcome was the tendency to cease smoking conceptualised as the report of using cigarettes 1 month or more ago relative to using cigarettes in the last 30 days. The main exposure variable was the Tobacco Policy Index - tracking tobacco policy changes over time. Logistic regression, controlling for various factors, was applied. Results Models suggested a 14% increase in the smoking cessation tendency of individuals using cigarettes 1 month or more ago relative to those using cigarettes in the last 30 days (OR 1.14, CI 95% CI 1.10 to 1.19) for each point increment in the Tobacco Policy index. Conclusions Our study contributes to documenting a positive impact of the implementation of interventions considered in the MPOWER strategy in the progression of smoking cessation tendencies in smokers born between 1982 and 1991 in Chile
K-Focal Search for Slow Learned Heuristics
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2013 IEEE.Bounded suboptimal heuristic search is a family of search algorithms capable of solving hard combinatorial problems, returning suboptimal solutions within a given bound. Recent machine learning approaches have been shown to learn accurate heuristic functions. Learned heuristics, however, are slow to compute; concretely, given a single search state s and a learned heuristic h , evaluating h(s) is typically very slow relative to expansion time, since state-of-the-art learned heuristics are implemented as neural networks. However, by using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), it is possible to compute heuristics using batched computation. Existing approaches to batched heuristic computation are specific to satisficing search and have not studied the problem in the context of bounded-suboptimal search. In this paper, we present K-Focal Search, a bounded suboptimal search algorithm that in each iteration expands K states from the FOCAL list and computes the learned heuristic values of the successors using a GPU. We experiment over the 24-puzzle and Rubik's Cube using DeepCubeA, a very effective and inadmissible learned heuristic. Our results show that K-Focal Search benefits both from batched computation and from the diversity in the search introduced by its expansion strategy. Over standard Focal Search, K-Focal Search improves runtime by a factor of 6, expansions by up to three orders of magnitude, and finds better quality solutions, keeping the theoretical guarantees of Focal Search
The cognitive triad network - oscillation - behaviour links individual differences in EEG theta frequency with task performance and effective connectivity
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.We reconcile two significant lines of Cognitive Neuroscience research: the relationship between the structural and functional architecture of the brain and behaviour on the one hand and the functional significance of oscillatory brain processes to behavioural performance on the other. Network neuroscience proposes that the three elements, behavioural performance, EEG oscillation frequency, and network connectivity should be tightly connected at the individual level. Young and old healthy adults were recruited as a proxy for performance variation. An auditory inhibitory control task was used to demonstrate that task performance correlates with the individual EEG frontal theta frequency. Older adults had a significantly slower theta frequency, and both theta frequency and task performance correlated with the strengths of two network connections that involve the main areas of inhibitory control and speech processing. The results suggest that both the recruited functional network and the oscillation frequency induced by the task are specific to the task, are inseparable, and mark individual differences that directly link structure and function to behaviour in health and disease
Variación estacional de la actividad de murciélagos en un bosque templado amenazado en el hotspot de biodiversidad Chileno
No full textPublisher Copyright: © Martín A. H. Escobar & Nélida R. Villaseñor.Bats play an integral key ecological role in forests, but there is limited understanding of how their richness and activity vary over time in temperate forests and the effect of habitat variables on these species. Herein we describe the seasonal variation of bat species richness, activity and assemblage structure during the reproductive season in a sclerophyllous forest, an endangered temperate Mediterranean forest located in Chile’s biodiversity hotspot. Additionally, we explored the relationship between bat activity and environmental variables (air temperature, vegetation cover, and proximity to water bodies). Species richness and bat activity varied during the breeding season and exhibited two peaks: spring and summer end, markedly decreasing in mid-summer. During spring, the bat assemblage exhibited greater species richness, diversity and evenness, whereas from the end of summer until autumn, both diversity and evenness decreased. Monthly average air temperatures had a positive association with total bat activity, although there was evidence of a threshold temperature over which bat activity significantly decreased. Canopy cover had a negative influence on the activity of Tadarida brasiliensis and Lasiurus varius, whereas increasing distance to water bodies was associated with a lower activity of T. brasiliensis and L. villosissimus. Our study demonstrates that bat diversity and bat activity vary greatly during the reproductive season in an endangered temperate forest, highlighting the importance of knowing seasonal patterns and evidencing that multiple surveys will improve our understanding of bat communities. This study provides relevant information to aid bat monitoring and conservation in the biodiversity hotspot of central Chile
Efectos adversos por gonadectomía en caninos (canis lupus familiaris) : revisión bibliográfica
Get PDFMedicina Veterinaria, Licenciado en Medicina VeterinariasLa gonadectomía es una intervención quirúrgica muy frecuente en perros, con numerosos impactos positivos en su conducta, salud y longevidad. En líneas generales, la castración quirúrgica se ha reconocido como un medio fundamental para el control poblacional de perros de compañía, y se ha vinculado con beneficios tanto para la salud como para el desarrollo del comportamiento. La elección de la edad óptima para llevar a cabo la gonadectomía en perros sigue siendo un tema controversial, esto se debe principalmente a la necesidad de equilibrar los beneficios y posibles efectos adversos, los cuales varían según la edad, sexo, especie y raza del animal. Actualmente, la gonadectomía pre puberal se encuentra respaldada por la Asociación Americana de Medicina Veterinaria (AVMA). Los beneficios en términos de salud abarcan la prevención de tumores mamarios y patologías reproductivas en hembras, así como neoplasias testiculares y enfermedades prostáticas en machos. No obstante, la castración en perros ha sido asociada a diversos efectos adversos tales como osteosarcomas, hemangiosarcoma, linfoma, mastocitoma, incontinencia urinaria, inmadurez de órganos genitales, alteraciones ortopédicas, y progresión del síndrome de disfunción cognitivo. La presente investigación estudió los efectos adversos producidos por la gonadectomía en caninos, identificando las principales patologías evidenciadas y categorizándolas según el estatus reproductivo pre o post puberal al momento de realizar el procedimiento quirúrgico. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática utilizando información de peso relativo equitativo, se utilizaron motores de búsqueda : Pubmed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Google Academico (https://scholar.google.com/), Scopus (https://www-scopus-com), y ScienceDirect (https://www.sciencedirect.com/). , en idioma español e inglés publicados entre 2013 y 2024. Ejecutados los filtros de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 18 fuentes de información. Los resultados de investigación indicaron que se han evaluado procesos patológicos asociados a la gonadectomía, tales como efectos adversos a corto plazo, obesidad, patologías ortopédicas, patologías urinarias/urogenitales, comportamiento no deseado, procesos neoplásicos. Sin embargo, se consideró que la cantidad de información existente no es suficiente y, en algunos casos, tampoco es concordante como para poder afirmar que existen efectos negativos relacionados a la gonadectomía en caninos. Por lo que es necesario estudios prospectivos para afirmar la relación.The surgical removal of the gonads, known as gonadectomy, is a common procedure in dogs, with numerous positive impacts on their behavior, health, and longevity. In general, surgical castration has been recognized as a fundamental means of population control for companion dogs, and it has been linked to health and behavioral development benefits. The choice of the optimal age for gonadectomy in dogs remains a controversial issue, mainly due to the need to balance the benefits and potential adverse effects, which vary according to the age, sex, species, and breed of the animal. Currently, prepubertal gonadectomy is supported by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). Health benefits include the prevention of mammary tumors and reproductive pathologies in females, as well as testicular neoplasms and prostatic diseases in males. However, castration in dogs has been associated with various adverse effects, such as osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, lymphoma, mast cell tumor, urinary incontinence, persistent infection, genital organ immaturity, orthopedic alterations, and progression of cognitive dysfunction syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the adverse effects of gonadectomy in canines, identifying the main pathologies observed and categorizing them according to reproductive status (pre- or post-pubertal) at the time of the surgical procedure. A systematic literature review was conducted using information of equal relative weight. Search engines employed were: Pubmed (https://www.nih.gov/), Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/), Scopus (https://www.scopus.com/), and ScienceDirect (https://www.sciencedirect.com/), in Spanish and English languages, published between 2013 and 2024. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion filters, 18 information sources were selected. The research results indicated that pathological processes associated with gonadectomy have been evaluated, such as short-term adverse effects, obesity, orthopedic pathologies, urinary/urogenital pathologies, undesirable behavior, and neoplastic processes. However, it was considered that the existing amount of information is not sufficient and, in some cases, not consistent enough to affirm that there are negative effects related to gonadectomy in canines. Therefore, prospective studies are necessary to confirm the relationship
A New State for a New Green Growth Model?The Role of Public Enterprises in the Lithium Industry in Latin America
No full textEn los últimos años, la creciente demanda global de litio, impulsada por su uso en baterías para almacenamiento de energía, ha generado un auge en los precios internacionales de este mineral. A diferencia de boom anteriores de recursos naturales, el litio representa un potencial para un crecimiento verde, siendo crucial para la electromovilidad y la lucha contra el cambio climático. El “triángulo del litio”, conformado por Chile, Argentina y Bolivia, alberga importantes reservas del mineral, impulsando políticas de industrialización verde en la región. Aunque las políticas económicas en América Latina han sido predominantemente neoliberales, el debate sobre el litio ha llevado a un cambio hacia un enfoque sociotécnico, con la incorporación de políticas industriales. Este artículo busca analizar comparativamente las empresas públicas de litio en América Latina, explorando sus estructuras, contextos y estrategias para la agregación de valor. Específicamente, se avanza en la elaboración de una propuesta de tipología original sobre las empresas públicas en la región, contribuyendo a la comprensión de un fenómeno poco abordado. A través de este análisis, se pretende profundizar en el rol económico del Estado y las estrategias de política industrial en la región, ofreciendo una mejor comprensión de las diversas configuraciones de políticas públicas en estos contextos
Simetrías de corrimiento quirales como una torre infinita de simetrías subdominates
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Chiral shift symmetries of the massless free bosons in two dimensions are global symmetries that are somewhat similar to asymptotic symmetries. They are most transparent in double-null coordinates where they are parametrized by two functions of one variable. In BMS-type coordinates, half of them appear as an infinite tower of sub-leading super-shift symmetries
ENTRENAMIENTO CONCURRENTE DE CORTA DURACIÓN REDUCE EL MÁXIMO, PERO NO EL PROMEDIO DEL GROSOR INTIMA-MEDIA CAROTÍDEA EN ADULTOS HIPERTENSOS.
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Didactic Asociation Andalucia. All rights reserved.Background: Exercise training induces favourable changes in endothelial dysfunction (EDys) and improves hypertension (HTN); however, there is a scarcity of knowledge about short-term concurrent training using high-intensity interval and resistance training (CTHIIT+RT) on both average (cIMTav) and maximum (cIMTmax) carotid intima-media thickness. Aim: To determine the effects of six weeks of CTHIIT+RT on cIMTav, and cIMTmax in adults with HTN. A secondary aim was to determine the CTHIIT+RT effects on blood pressure and body composition. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial in adults distributed by blood pressure categorization to 6 groups: control (non-exercise) group of HTN (CG-HTN, n=10) elevated BP (CG-Ele, n=10), normotensive control group (CG-NT, n=10), and exercise HTN (EG-HTN, n=10), elevated BP (EG-Ele, n=10), or normotensive group (EG-NT, n=10). Participants underwent 6 weeks of 10 min per session of CTHIIT+RT (3·week-1). Before and after training cIMTav, and cIMTmax, systolic/diastolic (SBP/DBP) blood pressure and body composition outcomes were measured. Results: There were significant decreases from pre to post-test in cIMTmax in EG-HTN (δ-0,10 cm, p<0,05), and in EG-Ele group (δ-0,30 cm, p<0,0001). Other significant modifications included reductions of SBP in EG-HTN (δ-19 mmHg), EG-Ele (δ-11 mmHg), and EG-NT group (δ-8 mmHg, all p<0,0001); DBP in EG-HTN (δ-9 mmHg), EG-Ele (δ-8 mmHg, both p<0,0001), and EG-NT group (δ-4 mmHg, p<0,05); waist circumference in EG-HTN (δ-4,3 cm, p<0,001), and EG-Ele groups (δ-4,0 cm, p<0,05), body fat in % EG-HTN (δ-1,9 %, p<0,05), and body fat in kg in EG-HTN group (δ-7,0 kg, p<0,05). Conclusion: Six weeks of CTHIIT+RT decreased cIMTmax but not cIMTav in HTN adults. These results were displayed with additional SBP/DBP remission in the hypertensive participants, accompanied of reductions of body fat
Trayectorias de las estrategias diversificadas de los Docentes en EPJA
No full textPedagogía en Educación Diferencial Advance, Licenciado en EducaciónLa presente investigación analiza las trayectorias de las estrategias diversificadas de la enseñanza de los docentes desde sus ingresos a la institución hasta la actualidad en una escuela de Educación Para Jóvenes y Adultos. La importancia de este trabajo es revelar los hechos académicos respecto a la enseñanza con la diversificación, modificación de las estrategias que utilizan los docentes. La enseñanza en esta modalidad requiere estrategias de diversificación diferente por su heterogeneidad de edad, que los métodos en escuelas regulares donde el alumnado de los niveles es homogéneo. Ello lleva a que los estudiantes valoren la persona como un ser humano que cuenta con necesidades y carencias, que son comprendidas por los docentes y el establecimiento que flexibilizan y adaptan los requerimientos estratégicos académicos en este contexto. En este colegio para los profesores surge la necesidad de entregar adecuadamente una educación acorde a esa diversidad de alumnado en sexo, edad, madres adolescentes, personas que hace muchos años suspendieron sus actividades académicas, jóvenes antisociales con un comportamiento inadecuado, personas quienes quieren estudiar, pero cuentan con dificultades en el aprendizaje. Para el cumplimiento del propósito es indispensable contar con profesores preparados y comprometidos y requiere un dominio de conocimiento, estrategias diversificadas dentro de una enseñanza didáctica en la base de inclusión, respeto y ética para atender en forma adecuada al segmento de la población de jóvenes y adultos.This research analyzes the trajectories of teachers' diversified teaching strategies from their entry into the institution to the present day in a Youth and Adult Education school. The importance of this work is to reveal the academic facts regarding teaching with diversification, modification of the strategies used by teachers. Teaching in this modality requires different diversification strategies due to its heterogeneity than the methods in regular schools where the students of the levels are homogeneous. This leads students to value the person as a human being who has needs and shortcomings, which are understood by teachers and the establishment that make flexible and adapt the academic strategic requirements in this context. In this school, for teachers, the need arises to adequately provide an education according to the diversity of students in sex, age, teenage mothers, people who suspended their academic activities many years ago, antisocial young people with inappropriate behavior, people who want to study, but they have learning difficulties. To fulfill the purpose, it is essential to have prepared and committed teachers and requires a mastery of knowledge, diversified strategies within didactic teaching based on inclusion, respect and ethics to adequately serve the segment of the youth and adult population
Percepción de los docentes de matemáticas sobre el concepto y las características de la educación inclusiva en su disciplina en la comuna de Coronel
No full textPrograma de Formación Pedagógica para Licenciados y/o Profesionales, Licenciado en EducaciónLa presente investigación aborda las percepciones y prácticas de los docentes de matemáticas en relación con la inclusión educativa y como esta se trabaja en la comuna de Coronel, Región del Biobío. En un contexto global donde la inclusión educativa se consolida como un principio esencial para garantizar el derecho a la educación de todos los estudiantes, se busca analizar cómo este enfoque es entendido y aplicado en la enseñanza de una disciplina históricamente considerada como excluyente, debido a sus altos niveles de abstracción y dificultades pedagógicas. A través de un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, sustentado en entrevistas del tipo semiestructurada y análisis categorial, se estudian las experiencias de los docentes en la implementación de estrategias inclusivas en el aula de matemáticas. La investigación identifica tres categorías clave, las cuales se definieron al momento de elaborar el instrumento de recolección de datos, estas son: la percepción de los docentes sobre la inclusión, la formación inicial y continua, y las estrategias pedagógicas implementadas en matemáticas. Este estudio resalta la necesidad de fortalecer la formación docente y desarrollar políticas públicas que promuevan prácticas inclusivas en la enseñanza de matemáticas. Asimismo, sugiere que la implementación de estrategias basadas en el trabajo colaborativo, la personalización del aprendizaje y el uso de tecnologías podría transformar el aula de matemáticas en un espacio más inclusivo para el estudiantado. Finalmente, enfatiza la importancia de construir un sistema educativo equitativo que valore la diversidad como un recurso para el aprendizaje y el desarrollo integral.|This research addresses the perceptions and practices of mathematics teachers concerning the educative inclusion and how this is worked in the commune of Coronel, Biobío region. Within a global context where the educative inclusion has established itself as a key principle in order to provide the right to education of every student, the aim is to analyze how this approach is understood and implemented in the teaching of a historical discipline regarded as exclusive, due to its high levels of abstraction and pedagogical hardships. Through a qualitive methodological approach, supported by semi-structured interviews and categorical analysis, the experiences of the teachers are studied by the implementation of inclusive strategies in the mathematics classroom. In this study three key categories are identified, which were defined at the time of developing the data collection instrument, these are: the perception of the teachers about the inclusion, the initial and continuous training, and the pedagogical strategies implemented in mathematics. In addition, it is highlighted the need of strengthen the teacher training and develop public politics that promote inclusive practices in the teaching of mathematics. Besides, the mathematics classroom may change in a more inclusive for students through the implementation of strategies based on collaborative work, the personalization of learning and the use of technologies. Finally, it is emphasized the importance of build an equitable educational system that considers the diversity as a resource for the learning and integral development