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LOX rises as a potential survival biomarker: A commentary on “Identification of LOX as a candidate prognostic biomarker in Glioblastoma multiforme” by Liu et al.
No full textDiseño de una experiencia multimodal de montaña en los valles del Río Olivares y Río Colorado
Get PDFIngeniería en Gestión de Expediciones y Ecoturismo, Licenciado en Ciencias de la IngenieríaChile se caracteriza por la belleza de sus paisajes naturales y por la extensa cadena montañosa que posee llamada Cordillera de Los Andes. Además, según el Diagnóstico Nacional de Montaña-Chile, se estima que el porcentaje de territorio chileno conformado por montañas es del 63,8% (FAO, 2012). Por lo que resulta una gran oportunidad para impulsar y desarrollar un turismo de montaña sustentable y profesionalizado en el país. El presente proyecto de investigación se centró en los Valles de los Ríos Olivares y Río Colorado, ubicados en el Cajón del Maipo y que actualmente son propiedad del Estado. El territorio cuenta con la confluencia de dos importantes ríos, valles, cumbres de altitud, volcanes y glaciares. La investigación ha tenido como objetivo poder demostrar el potencial turístico del lugar y la factibilidad de diseñar una experiencia turística que contemple circuitos de distintas disciplinas ligadas a la montaña, tales como la escalada deportiva, escalada en hielo y tradicional, senderismo, trekking, montañismo de altitud, cabalgata, esquí, observación de flora y fauna, interpretación geomorfológica, entre otras. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, utilizando técnicas de recopilación tanto primarias como secundarias. Entre éstas se pueden mencionar entrevistas a una representante de la iniciativa Queremos Parque, a arrieros de la zona y al encargado de la oficina de turismo de la Municipalidad de San José de Maipo. Además, se han realizado encuestas a deportistas y a personas de la comunidad local, indagación en documentos, manuales y estudios realizados en el territorio, y una expedición llevada a cabo en el año 2023. Además, cabe mencionar que la investigación tiene un alcance correlacional, estudiando la relación entre las variables de potencial turístico y su aporte en cuanto a la protección del territorio, y un alcance descriptivo, en donde tiene lugar el diseño de una experiencia turística multimodal que pone en valor la riqueza cultural y natural del destino. Además, se ha obtenido como resultado tangible la localización en un mapa de los principales atractivos del territorio y las zonas en donde se pueden practicar las disciplinas de montaña antes mencionadas. Ello es de utilidad tanto para gestores del turismo como para los mismos visitantes. Además, sirve como materia prima para el diseño de experiencias multimodales. Y por otro lado, a lo largo de la investigación se han identificado variadas problemáticas entre actores claves del territorio, por lo que se han buscado posibles soluciones frente a ellas. Principalmente el foco está en los conflictos atingentes a la comunidad local y su inclusión en el desarrollo del ecoturismo del destino. Se ha buscado con el presente proyecto de investigación contribuir al Plan Nacional de Impulso al Turismo de Montaña -específicamente al Programa Transforma Santiago, Capital Mundial del Turismo de Montaña-, para desarrollar un turismo planificado, sustentable y responsable, avanzar en temas de educación 9 medioambiental, y aportar a la fundamentación de la protección y preservación de los valles de los Ríos Olivares y Río Colorado.Chile is characterized by the beauty of its natural landscapes and by the extensive mountain range it has called the Andes Mountains. In addition, according to the National Mountain Diagnosis-Chile, it is estimated that the percentage of Chilean territory made up of mountains is 63.8% (FAO, 2012). Therefore, it is a great opportunity to promote and develop sustainable and professionalized mountain tourism in the country. This research project focuses on the Olivares and Colorado River Valleys, located in the Cajón del Maipo and which are currently owned by the State. The territory has the confluence of two important rivers, valleys, altitude peaks, volcanoes and glaciers. The objective of the research is to be able to demonstrate the tourist potential of the place and the feasibility of designing a tourist experience that includes circuits of different disciplines linked to the mountain, such as sport climbing, ice and traditional climbing, hiking, trekking, high altitude mountaineering, horseback riding, skiing, flora and fauna observation, geomorphological interpretation, among others. To this end, research with a qualitative approach has been carried out, using both primary and secondary collection techniques. Among these we can mention interviews with a representative of the Queremos Parque initiative, muleteers in the area and the person in charge of the tourism office of the Municipality of San José de Maipo. In addition, surveys have been carried out with athletes and people from the local community, research into documents, manuals and studies carried out in the territory, and an expedition carried out in 2023. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the research has a correlational scope, studying the relationship between the variables of tourism potential and their contribution in terms of the protection of the territory, and a descriptive scope, where the design of a multimodal tourist experience that highlights the cultural and natural wealth of the destination will take place. In addition, the tangible result is the location on a map of the main attractions of the territory and the areas where the aforementioned mountain disciplines can be practiced. This is useful both for tourism managers and for the visitors themselves. In addition, it serves as raw material for the design of multimodal experiences. And on the other hand, throughout the research, various problems are identified among key actors in the territory, so possible solutions are sought to address them. Mainly the focus is on the conflicts affecting the local community and its inclusion in the development of the destination's ecotourism. This research project seeks to contribute to the National Plan to Promote Mountain Tourism -specifically to the Transform Santiago Program, World Capital of Mountain Tourism-, to develop planned, sustainable and responsible tourism, advance in 11 environmental education issues, and contribute to the foundation of the protection and preservation of the valleys of the Olivares Rivers and the Colorado River
Formación de expectativas docentes: rendimiento previo del estudiante y características del profesor como factores explicativos.
No full textSi bien se ha confirmado el efecto de las expectativas docentes en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, son escasos los estudios centrados en constatar qué variables afectan a la formación de dichas expectativas, en especial aquellos que consideran el rendimiento previo del estudiante y la experiencia laboral del profesor como factores explicativos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar el efecto de ambos elementos en la formación de la expectativa del docente. La muestra consistió en 21 profesores de 11 colegios, con experiencia baja, media y alta. A ellos se sumaron 363 alumnos de primer año básico (6-7 años), cuyo rendimiento académico se midió al inicio del año escolar. Las expectativas docentes se midieron a mediados del año escolar. Un análisis ANOVA de efectos mixtos permitió evaluar si la expectativa docente varía en función del rendimiento previo y de la experiencia docente. Los resultados indicaron que existe un efecto significativo tanto del rendimiento previo como de la experiencia docente en la formación de las expectativas. Sin embargo, el efecto de la experiencia varía de acuerdo con las distintas dimensiones de las expectativas
Adolescents with a Favorable Mediterranean-Style-Based Pattern Show Higher Cognitive and Academic Achievement : A Cluster Analysis—The Cogni-Action Project
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has emerged as a crucial dietary choice, not only in attenuating various adolescents’ metabolic health issues but it has also been associated with improved cognitive and academic achievement. However, few studies have established patterns of food consumption linked to both cognitive and academic achievement in adolescents living in a developing country with non-Mediterranean-based food. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1296 Chilean adolescents (50% girls) aged 10–14 years. The MedDiet Quality Index was used to assess adherence to the MedDiet in children and adolescents. Through cluster analysis, four distinct dietary patterns were identified: Western diet (WD = 4.3%); low fruit and vegetables, high-sugar diet (LFV-HSD = 28.2%); low fruit and vegetables, low-sugar diet (LFV-LSD = 42.2%); and the MedDiet (25.3%). A mixed-model analysis was conducted to compare these clusters and their relationships with cognitive and academic achievements. Principal component analysis was performed to identify four primary cognitive domains: working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and fluid reasoning. Academic achievement was determined with five school subjects (Language, English, Mathematics, Science, and History) and included the Academic-PISA score derived from the mean scores in Language, Mathematics, and Science. Results: A marked difference was observed between the four clusters, which was mainly related to the consumption of sugar, ultra-processed foods, fruits, and vegetables. According to cognitive performance, the MedDiet group showed higher performance across all domains than the LFV-HSD, LFV-LSD, and WD groups. Regarding academic achievement, the WD underperformed in all analyses compared to the other groups, while the MedDiet was the unique profile that achieved a positive difference in all academic subjects compared to the WD and LFV-HSD groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that higher adherence to Mediterranean-style-based patterns and better food quality choices are associated with improved cognitive and academic achievements
Two-Month Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Promotes Mild Neuroinflammation in the Cerebellum but Not in the Prefrontal Cortex, Hippocampus, or Striatum of Mice
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Chronic ethanol exposure often triggers neuroinflammation in the brain’s reward system, potentially promoting the drive for ethanol consumption. A main marker of neuroinflammation is the microglia-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) in animal models of alcohol use disorder in which ethanol is forcefully given. However, there are conflicting findings on whether MCP1 is elevated when ethanol is taken voluntarily, which challenges its key role in promoting motivation for ethanol consumption. Here, we studied MCP1 mRNA levels in areas implicated in consumption motivation—specifically, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum—as well as in the cerebellum, a brain area highly sensitive to ethanol, of C57BL/6 mice subjected to intermittent and voluntary ethanol consumption for two months. We found a significant increase in MCP1 mRNA levels in the cerebellum of mice that consumed ethanol compared to controls, whereas no significant changes were observed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, or striatum or in microglia isolated from the hippocampus and striatum. To further characterize cerebellar neuroinflammation, we measured the expression changes in other proinflammatory markers and chemokines, revealing a significant increase in the proinflammatory microRNA miR-155. Notably, other classical proinflammatory markers, such as TNFα, IL6, and IL-1β, remained unaltered, suggesting mild neuroinflammation. These results suggest that the onset of neuroinflammation in motivation-related areas is not required for high voluntary consumption in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, cerebellar susceptibility to neuroinflammation may be a trigger to the cerebellar degeneration that occurs after chronic ethanol consumption in humans
Normatividad y conducta antisocial: una aproximación transdiciplinaria a la "viveza chilena" desde la perspectiva de Heidegger y Gadamer
No full textEste artículo examina cómo las normas sociales pueden no siempre promover comportamientos pro-sociales, utilizando la “viveza chilena” como ejemplo. La “viveza”, caracterizada por la búsqueda de beneficio personal sin considerar el daño a terceros, se manifiesta en conductas conocidas como “pillería”. Las normas sociales, basadas en expectativas compartidas, pueden llevar a comportamientos no cooperativos o que rompen las reglas de convivencia. El análisis se estructura en tres partes: primero, se examina el carácter “normativo” de la experiencia social desde la perspectiva de Heidegger y Gadamer. Luego, se argumenta que las ciencias sociales permiten clasificar conductas normativas como pro-sociales o anti-sociales. Finalmente, se sostiene que la “viveza chilena” puede ser un catalizador de comportamiento anti-social. El artículo concluye que promover normas pro-sociales debería ser prioritario sobre la regulación exhaustiva de la vida social.Este artículo examina cómo las normas sociales pueden no siempre promover comportamientos prosociales, utilizando la “viveza chilena” como ejemplo. La “viveza”, caracterizada por la búsqueda de beneficio personal sin considerar el daño a terceros, se manifiesta en conductas conocidas como “pillería”. Las normas sociales, basadas en expectativas compartidas, pueden llevar a comportamientos no cooperativos o que rompen las reglas de convivencia. El análisis se estructura en tres partes: primero, se examina el carácter “normativo” de la experiencia social desde la perspectiva de Heidegger y Gadamer. Luego, se argumenta que las ciencias sociales permiten clasificar conductas normativas como prosociales o antisociales. Finalmente, se sostiene que la “viveza chilena” puede ser un catalizador de comportamiento anti-social. El artículo concluye que promover normas prosociales debería ser prioritario sobre la regulación exhaustiva de la vida social
Calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico en personas mayores no institucionalizadas durante el período de estallido social de 2019 en Chile
No full textObjetivos: Determinar la calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico en personas mayores no institucionalizadas de Santiago de Chile durante un período de estallido social. Metodología: Estudio de diseño no experimental, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 59 personas mayores de 65 años que viven en la comunidad (13 hombres), edad promedio 75,61±7,39 años; se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Las mediciones se llevaron a cabo en octubre de 2019 a febrero de 2020, durante el período de “estallido social” ocurrido en Chile. La calidad de vida fue medida a través del WHOqol Bref y el bienestar psicológico con la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff. Resultados: La calidad de vida, tanto en general como en sus subdimensiones, fue similar entre hombres y mujeres. Para el Bienestar Psicológico, el puntaje promedio general fue mayor en mujeres, marcando diferencias en las dimensiones Relaciones Positivas, Autonomía, Dominio del Entorno y Propósito en la Vida (p < 0,05); siendo menor que en los hombres en las de autoaceptación y Crecimiento (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Los niveles de Calidad de Vida y Bienestar Psicológico fueron menores a los obtenidos en estudios previos, lo cual podría sugerir que la convulsión generada durante el estallido social podría haberlos afectado negativamente
Detection of Antibodies for Pathogenic Leptospira in Wild Mammals and Birds from Southern Chile—First Record of Seropositivity in a Guiña (Leopardus guigna)
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Leptospirosis is a neglected bacterial zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution that is present in different animal species. This epidemiological study determined the seroprevalence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in animals at a wildlife rehabilitation center in Puerto Montt, southern Chile, by sampling 60 animals belonging to three classes (birds, mammals, and reptiles). Diagnosis was performed using the microscopic agglutination test with a panel of eight serovars and serogroups. The results showed that 15 animals had anti-Leptospira antibodies, obtaining a seroprevalence of 25.00%, with Leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup Tarassovi presenting reactivity in 13 of the seropositive animals. Among the classes of mammals, chilla foxes (Lycalopex griseus) and pudus (Pudu puda) were seropositive. A guiña (Leopardus guigna) was also seropositive, which was described for the first time in mammals. Among the classes of birds, choroy parrots (Enicognathus leptorhynchus), bandurrias (Theristicus melanopis), and Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) were seropositive. Routine examinations to diagnose leptospirosis, perform epidemiological surveillance, and apply prevention and control measures are necessary, and additional research focusing on the One Health approach to explore the epidemiological role of different wild animal species in the maintenance and transmission of leptospirosis at the local and global levels are recommended
Regulation of Pain Perception by Microbiota in Parkinson Disease
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2023 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.Pain perception involves current stimulation in peripheral nociceptive nerves and the subsequent stimulation of postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. Importantly, in chronic pain, the neural activity of both peripheral nociceptors and postsynaptic neurons in the central nervous system is influenced by several inflammatory mediators produced by the immune system. Growing evidence has indicated that the commensal microbiota plays an active role in regulating pain perception by either acting directly on nociceptors or indirectly through the modulation of the inflammatory activity on immune cells. This symbiotic relationship is mediated by soluble bacterial mediators or intrinsic structural components of bacteria that act on eukaryotic cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, macrophages, T cells, enterochromaffin cells, and enteric glial cells. The molecular mechanisms involve bacterial molecules that act directly on neurons, affecting their excitability, or indirectly on non-neuronal cells, inducing changes in the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators. Importantly, Parkinson disease, a neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorder that affects mainly the dopaminergic neurons implicated in the control of voluntary movements, involves not only a motor decline but also nonmotor symptomatology, including chronic pain. Of note, several recent studies have shown that Parkinson disease involves a dysbiosis in the composition of the gut microbiota. In this review, we first summarize, integrate, and classify the molecular mechanisms implicated in the microbiota-mediated regulation of chronic pain. Second, we analyze the changes on the commensal microbiota associated to Parkinson disease and propose how these changes affect the development of chronic pain in this pathology
Mejora de la funcionalidad del tejido adiposo en la obesidad: la senoterapéutica, la autofagia y la senescencia celular como diana
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Obesity, a global health crisis, disrupts multiple systemic processes, contributing to a cascade of metabolic dysfunctions by promoting the pathological expansion of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This expansion is characterized by impaired differentiation of pre-adipocytes and an increase in senescent cells, leading to a pro-inflammatory state and exacerbated oxidative stress. Particularly, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and adipose tissue hypoxia further impair cellular function, promoting chronic disease development. This review delves into the potential of autophagy modulation and the therapeutic application of senolytics and senomorphics as novel strategies to mitigate adipose tissue senescence. By exploring the intricate mechanisms underlying adipocyte dysfunction and the emerging role of natural compounds in senescence modulation, we underscore the promising horizon of senotherapeutics in restoring adipose health. This approach not only offers a pathway to combat the metabolic complications of obesity, but also opens new avenues for enhancing life quality and managing the global burden of obesity-related conditions. Our analysis aims to bridge the gap between current scientific progress and clinical application, offering new perspectives on preventing and treating obesity-induced adipose dysfunction