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Conflicting Aromaticity in Trirhodium(I) Rosarin
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 American Chemical Society.Aromaticity is one of the most important and widely used concepts in chemistry. Among the various experimentally discovered and theoretically predicted compounds that possess different types of aromaticity, conflicting aromaticity, where aromatic and antiaromatic electron delocalization is present in one molecule simultaneously, remains one of the most controversial and elusive concepts, although theoretically predicted 15 years ago. In this work, we synthesized a novel conflicting aromatic trirhodium complex that contains a σ-aromatic metal fragment surrounded by the π-antiaromatic organic ligand and characterized it by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and X-ray single crystal structure analysis. Experimental characterization and quantum chemical calculations confirm the unique conflicting aromaticity of the synthesized trirhodium molecule. Thus, this novel conflicting aromatic molecule expands the family of aromatic compounds. This discovery will enable researchers to develop and understand the phenomena of conflicting aromaticity in chemistry
Criogeles de alginato como plantilla para la preparación de oleogeles comestibles
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.A high consumption of solid fats is linked to increased inflammation and a risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hence, in recent years, there has been increasing interest in the development of oleogels as a fat substitute in food products. Oleogels are edible gels that contain a large amount of liquid oils entrapped in a 3D network and that can potentially be applied to spreads, bakery goods, meat, and dairy products in order to lower their saturated fat content while maintaining a desirable food texture and mouthfeel. In this work, alginate cryogels were studied as templates for three different edible oils in the process of oleogel formation. Two different freezing regimes to obtain cryogels were employed in order to evaluate better the textural and morphological capabilities of cryogels to adsorb and retain edible oils. It was shown that rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen produces alginate cryogels with a lower density, higher porosity, and a greater ability to adsorb the tested oils. The highest uptake and holding oil capacity was achieved for olive oil, which reached a value of 792% and 82%, respectively. The best chewiness was found for an oleogel containing olive oil, whereas oleogels with the other two tested oils showed better springiness. Hence, the results presented in this work demonstrated that alginate-based cryogels can be effectively used as templates for oleogels and potentially find applications in the food industry
Diseño de una propuesta de mejora de gestión de costos operacionales de la última milla dentro de la empresa Boosmap
No full textBoosmap es una innovadora empresa chilena fundada en 2016, que ha revolucionado
la logística de última milla a través de una plataforma tecnológica avanzada que
optimiza la distribución de productos. Especializados en el despacho y preparación
de pedidos para supermercados, Boosmap ofrece una solución integral desde el
picking hasta la entrega, basada en un modelo de economía colaborativa que permite
una gestión eficiente y flexible de las entregas.
Con la implementación de este proyecto, se espera no solo una reducción significativa
de los costos operacionales, sino también una mejora en la sostenibilidad financiera
de Boosmap. Al optimizar las rutas y la tarificación, la empresa podrá ofrecer un
servicio más competitivo en el mercado, sustentando así su crecimiento y expansión
en Latinoamérica, donde ya tiene presencia en 10 ciudades y planea seguir
ampliando su impacto.
Lo previamente mencionado, en los capítulos 2 y 3 será presentado el proyecto, como
también, se conocerá la situación actual de la compañía. Como resultado de esta
situación, se hace imprescindible actuar de manera urgente para revertir las pérdidas
constantes y optimizar los costos operativos. La implementación de entregas más
flexibles y alineadas con la demanda real podría ser un factor clave en esta estrategia
de reducción.
En el capítulo 4, se presenta una propuesta de mejora de cara al problema detectado
basado en herramientas que buscan sustentar la ineficiencia en el modelo de
tarificación con tal de asegurar el óptimo resultado del nuevo modelo propuesto.
Para tal objetivo, se aplican herramientas y metodologías de la ingeniería tales como
Diagramas de Ishikawa, Ciclo PDCA, Modelamiento de Procesos e Indicadores de
Gestión.
Finalmente se realizará un análisis económico contrastando el escenario actual con
el de la propuesta de mejora desarrollada para el proyecto, del cual se desprenderán
los beneficios económicos que determinarán la sostenibilidad del nuevo diseño de
modelo de tarificación.Boosmap is a innovative chilean logistic company, founded in 2016, revolutionized
last-mile logistics through an advanced technology platform that optimizes product
distribution. This company has specialited on the dispatch and preparation of orders
for supermarkets, Boosmap offers an amigables solutions from picking to delivery,
based on a collaborative economy model that allows for efficient and flexible delivery
management.
With this implementation of the project, it been expected not only to achieve a
significant reduction in operational costs, but also to improve Boosmap’s financial
sustainability. By optimizing routes and pricing, the company will be able to offer a
more competitive service in the market, thereby supporting its growth and expansion
in Latin America, where it already has a presence in 10 cities and plans to continue
expanding who expected.
As previously mentioned, on the chapter 2 and 3, I will present the project, as well as
the current situation of the company. As a result of this situation, it´s essential to take
urgent action to reverse the constant losses and optimize operational costs. The
implementation of more flexible deliveries aligned with the real demand could be a key
factor in this reduction strategy.
On chapter 4, I propose for improvement will be presented addressing the identified
problem based on tools aimed at addressing the inefficiencies in the pricing model to
ensure the optimal results of the new proposed model..
To achieve this goal, engineering tools and methodologies such as Ishikawa
Diagrams, the PDCA Cycle, Process Modeling, and Management Indicators are
applied
Finally, an economic analysis will be conducted contrasting the current scenario with
that of the developed improvement proposal for the project, from which the economic
benefits that will determine the sustainability of the new pricing model design will be
derived
Bioethical Considerations in the Management of Amyotrophic Lateral SlerosisAn Approach to Speech Therapy
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024. Fundación Universitaria María Cano.Introduction. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of degenerative motor neuron disease in adulthood and is considered a terminal disease. For this reason, the actions of the speech therapist must consider respect for basic bioethical principles to guarantee adequate assistance. Objective. To know those bioethical considerations related to the management and study of people with ALS to then provide an approach to speech therapy. Methodology. A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO databases. Articles published from 2000 to June 2023 were filtered and those that addressed a bioethical component in the population with ALS were selected. Results. Aspects related to the use of informed consent and shared decision-making stood out as essential elements to support people’s autonomy. Conclusion. Proper communication and shared decision-making are key to respecting people’s autonomy. In turn, the standardization of procedures through clinical research will contribute to compliance with the bioethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, essential for professional practice
The sodium/ascorbic acid co-transporter SVCT2 distributes in a striated membraneenriched domain at the M-band level in slowtwitch skeletal muscle fibers
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Background: Vitamin C plays key roles in cellular homeostasis, functioning as a potent antioxidant and a positive regulator of cell differentiation. In skeletal muscle, the vitamin C/sodium co-transporter SVCT2 is preferentially expressed in oxidative slow fibers. SVCT2 is up-regulated during the early fusion of primary myoblasts and decreases during initial myotube growth, indicating the relevance of vitamin C uptake via SVCT2 for early skeletal muscle differentiation and fiber-type definition. However, our understanding of SVCT2 expression and function in adult skeletal muscles is still limited. Results: In this study, we demonstrate that SVCT2 exhibits an intracellular distribution in chicken slow skeletal muscles, following a highly organized striated pattern. A similar distribution was observed in human muscle samples, chicken cultured myotubes, and isolated mouse myofibers. Immunohistochemical analyses, combined with biochemical cell fractionation experiments, reveal a strong co-localization of SVCT2 with intracellular detergent-soluble membrane fractions at the central sarcomeric M-band, where it co-solubilizes with sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins. Remarkably, electrical stimulation of cultured myofibers induces the redistribution of SVCT2 into a vesicular pattern. Conclusions: Our results provide novel insights into the dynamic roles of SVCT2 in different intracellular compartments in response to functional demands.Vitamin C plays key roles in cellular homeostasis, functioning as a potent antioxidant and a positive regulator of cell differentiation. In skeletal muscle, the vitamin C/sodium co-transporter SVCT2 is preferentially expressed in oxidative slow fibers. SVCT2 is up-regulated during the early fusion of primary myoblasts and decreases during initial myotube growth, indicating the relevance of vitamin C uptake via SVCT2 for early skeletal muscle differentiation and fiber-type definition. However, our understanding of SVCT2 expression and function in adult skeletal muscles is still limited
[K2(Bi@Pd12@Bi20)]4- : An Endohedral Inorganic Fullerene with Spherical Aromaticity
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 American Chemical Society.Inorganic fullerene clusters have attracted widespread attention due to their highly symmetrical geometric structures and intrinsic electronic properties. However, cage-like clusters composed of heavy metal elements with high symmetry are rarely reported, and their synthesis is also highly challenging. In this study, we present the synthesis of a [K2(Bi@Pd12@Bi20)]4- cluster that incorporates a {Bi20} cage with pseudo-Ih symmetry, making it the largest main group metal cluster compound composed of the bismuth element to date. Magnetic characterization and theoretical calculations suggest that the spin state of the overall cluster is a quartet. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that the [Bi20]3- cluster has a similar electronic configuration to C606- and the [Bi@Pd12@Bi20]6- cluster exhibits a unique open-shell aromatic character
Agujero Negro Asintóticamente AdS con un Campo Escalar Conformalmente Acoplado en el Formalismo de Gravedad de Primer Orden
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 American Physical Society.We present a novel asymptotically anti-de Sitter black hole solution with conformally-coupled scalar fields in the first-order formalism of gravity in four dimensions. To do so, we consider a one-parameter extension of conformal transformations by exploiting the fact that the tetrad and spin connection are regarded as independent fields. We solve the field equations analytically and obtain a static black hole solution with nontrivial torsion sourced by the conformal coupling between the scalar field and geometry. The presence of torsion renders the scalar field everywhere regular, while the curvature and torsion singularities coalesce into the origin. We show that this configuration is continuously connected to previously reported solutions in the limit of vanishing torsion and analyze its main properties, focusing on the consequences of the torsional singularity
Food sovereignty, food security, and international trade : evidence from Chile
No full textPublisher Copyright: Copyright © 2024 Silva, Barrera, Ribera and del Valle.Introduction: There is an ongoing debate regarding the role of international trade on food security and food sovereignty. While food security is a concept with a recognized definition and methodologies to assess it, food sovereignty has multiple definitions, and it is not clear how to measure it. Our purpose is to analyze the evolution of cherry and avocado domestic purchases as an illustrative example of the role of international trade on food security and food sovereignty. Method: Using a descriptive analysis, we analyse export data at country level and household data representative of urban centers. Results: We found that cherry and avocado exports have increased over the last decades. We found that domestic cherry and avocado purchases have been stable, while the overall fruit and vegetable purchases have been decreasing. Besides, the cherry seasons are showing some signs of expansion. In terms of disparities, households from quintiles 1 and 2, the two lowest income quintiles, increased cherry purchases. Moreover, households from quintiles 4 and 5, the two highest income quintiles, decreased cherry purchases. Discussion: International trade can also help to increase domestic purchases and decrease purchases disparities, which can be linked to food access and food security. However, the increased of off-season imports of avocado can be linked to a decreased food sovereignty. We expect to contribute to illustrate how international trade, food security and food sovereignty are linked, while the concept of food sovereignty keeps developing
Hacia la biomanufactura de materiales de nueva generación basados en nanocelulosa bacteriana con propiedades diseñadas: Una revisión sobre aproximaciones de ingeniería genética
No full textBacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a biopolymer that is drawing significant attention for a wide range of applications thanks to its unique structure and excellent properties, such as high purity, mechanical strength, high water holding capacity and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the biomanufacturing of BNC is hindered due to its low yield, the instability of microbial strains and cost limitations that prevent it from being mass-produced on a large scale. Various approaches have been developed to address these problems by genetically modifying strains and to produce BNC-based biomaterials with added value. These works are summarized and discussed in the present article, which include the overexpression and knockout of genes related and not related with the nanocellulose biosynthetic operon, the application of synthetic biology approaches and CRISPR/Cas techniques to modulate BNC biosynthesis. Further discussion is provided on functionalized BNC-based biomaterials with tailored properties that are incorporated in-vivo during its biosynthesis using genetically modified strains either in single or co-culture systems (in-vivo manufacturing). This novel strategy holds potential to open the road toward cost-effective production processes and to find novel applications in a variety of technology and industrial fields
Estudio de factibilidad técnico y económico para la habilitación de un centro privado del adulto mayor (cediam)
No full textEl envejecimiento de la población en Chile está transformando profundamente las
necesidades sociales y de atención de la tercera edad. Con una tasa de natalidad a la baja y un porcentaje creciente de personas mayores de 60 años, se enfrenta el desafío, como sociedad entera, de ajustar los servicios tanto públicos como privados para responder a esta nueva realidad país. Esta tesis aborda un tema crucial y de gran relevancia: la factibilidad técnica y económica de habilitar un Centro Diurno para Adultos Mayores (CEDIAM) de carácter privado. El proyecto busca ofrecer un espacio de cuidado diurno adaptado a las necesidades de personas mayores, permitiendo a sus familias continuar con sus actividades laborales mientras sus seres queridos reciben atención profesional en un entorno seguro, agradable y estimulante. Algunos indicadores claves para entender el proyecto son, entre otros, los siguientes:
➢ Crecimiento de la población objetivo: Se estima que el porcentaje de adultos mayores en Chile pasará del 18.1% actual al 30% en 2050.
➢ Demanda proyectada: 30 usuarios mensuales durante el primer año, con un crecimiento anual del 1%.
➢ Costo inicial: Inversión de 600.000 mensuales, con opciones de descuento por pago anual (10%).
➢ Capacidad del centro: Diseñado para atender hasta 39 adultos mayores por mes.
A través de un exhaustivo análisis PESTA y FODA, se identificaron las oportunidades y desafíos clave en el contexto político, económico, social, tecnológico y ambiental. Además, se utilizó el modelo de las 5 Fuerzas de Porter para evaluar la competitividad del mercado de los CEDIAM, destacándose la baja oferta de centros privados y la creciente demanda por parte de la clase media y media alta, segmentos socioeconómicos que carecen de alternativas accesibles y de calidad. El proyecto incluye estudios de mercado, técnicos, administrativos y financieros que sustentan su viabilidad. Se calculó una inversión inicial de 600.000.- mensuales por usuario y un horizonte de 6 años y fracción para recuperar la inversión (10 años de evaluación en flujo), considerando un crecimiento sostenido de la población adulta mayor. Este CEDIAM será más que un espacio de cuidado: se posicionará como un "jardín infantil" para adultos mayores, con programas recreativos, servicios de salud básica, dietas personalizadas y un enfoque en bienestar físico y emocional. Todo ello respaldado por un equipo de profesionales capacitados y en una ubicación estratégica. El lector descubrirá en esta tesis una guía completa sobre cómo evaluar, planificar y ejecutar un proyecto con impacto social positivo, demostrando que es posible generar soluciones sostenibles para los desafíos del envejecimiento poblacional en Chile.The aging population in Chile is profoundly transforming the social and care needs of the elderly. With a declining birth rate and an increasing percentage of people over 60 years old, the challenge lies in adjusting both public and private services to address this new demographic reality. This thesis tackles a crucial and highly relevant topic: the technical and economic feasibility of establishing a private Day Center for Older Adults (CEDIAM). The project aims to provide a daytime care space tailored to the needs of older adults,
enabling their families to continue their work activities while their loved ones receive
professional care in a safe and stimulating environment. Key project indicators:
➢ Growth of the target population: The percentage of older adults in Chile is estimated to increase from the current 18.1% to 30% by 2050.
➢ Projected demand: 30 monthly users during the first year, with an annual growth of 1%.
➢ Initial cost: Investment of 600,000 per month, with annual payment discount options (10%).
➢ Center capacity: Designed to serve up to 39 older adults per month.
Through a thorough PESTA and SWOT analysis, key opportunities and challenges in the political, economic, social, technological, and environmental contexts were identified. Additionally, Porter’s Five Forces model was employed to evaluate market competitiveness, highlighting the limited supply of private CEDIAMs and the growing demand from middle and upper-middle-class segments, socio-economic groups
lacking accessible and quality alternatives. The project includes market, technical, administrative, and financial studies that support its viability. An initial investment of 600,000 per user per month, and a 10-year horizon to recover the investment, considering sustained growth of the older adult population. This CEDIAM will be more than a care space: it will position itself as a "daycare" for older adults, with recreational programs, basic health services, personalized diets, and a focus on physical and emotional well-being. All of this will be supported by a team of trained professionals and a strategic location. Readers will find in this thesis a comprehensive guide on how to evaluate, plan, and execute a project with positive social impact, demonstrating that it is possible to generate sustainable solutions for the challenges of an aging population in Chile. Join us on this journey to transform the care of our older adults