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Adaptación transcultural y validación de un cuestionario genérico de aceptabilidad al español
No full textObjetivo. Adaptar y validar al español el cuestionario genérico TFA de aceptabilidad. Métodos. En la fase inicial de este estudio observacional de dos fases se realizó una traducción y adaptación del instrumento original. La segunda fase consistió en aplicar esta versión a 194 adultos mayores tras un tamizaje auditivo piloto y un examen médico preventivo estándar. Se evaluó la validez de constructo mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y la consistencia interna con omega de McDonald (ω). Resultados. Ambos procedimientos obtuvieron la misma solución de dos factores. El primer factor incluyó los ítems de “actitud afectiva”, “efectividad percibida”, “coherencia de la intervención” y “autoeficacia”; el segundo incluyó los ítems de “eticidad” y de “costo oportunidad”. El ítem de “carga” se eliminó por no presentar cargas factoriales significativas. El primer factor explicó 18.96% de la varianza del tamizaje auditivo y 26.28% del examen médico preventivo; el segundo, 14.97% y 20.44%, respectivamente. En fiabilidad, el instrumento mostró ω = 0.61 para el tamizaje auditivo y ω = 0.73, respectivamente. Conclusión. El instrumento final está compuesto por seis ítems que evalúan constructos de aceptabilidad y un ítem de aceptabilidad general. Su estructura subyacente es de dos factores, y posee una alta fiabilidad externa y consistencia interna aceptable
Relación entre depresión postparto y tipo de parto: una revisión mundial de la literatura 2020-2021
No full textObjetivo: Analizar la relación entre el tipo de parto y la depresión postparto (DPP) a partir de estudios publicados entre los años 2020 al 2024. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Cumpliendo los criterios de inclusión se obtuvieron 11 artículos. Resultados: Los estudios revelaron que el parto vaginal instrumentalizado no incrementa significativamente el riesgo de DPP en comparación con el parto vaginal espontáneo. Sin embargo, la cesárea, especialmente la de emergencia, está más asociada con un mayor riesgo de DPP debido a factores fisiológicos y psicológicos. La cesárea de emergencia también está vinculada al trastorno de estrés postraumático, lo que aumenta el riesgo de DPP. Conclusión: es fundamental reducir las cesáreas innecesarias, mejorar la educación como lo es la educación prenatal sobre los tipos de parto y sus consecuencias y proporcionar un apoyo integral durante el embarazo y postparto, así como el uso de herramientas para detectar a tiempo los síntomas de DPP y prevenir su aparición.Objective: To analyze the relationship between the type of delivery and postpartum
depression (PPD) based on studies published between 2020 and 2024. Methodology: A
bibliographic review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science
databases, by meeting the inclusion criteria, 11 articles were obtained. Results: The
studies revealed that instrumental vaginal delivery does not significantly increase the risk
of PPD compared to spontaneous vaginal delivery. However, cesarean delivery,
especially emergency cesarean, is more associated with a higher risk of PPD due to
physiological and psychological factors. Emergency cesarean is also linked to posttraumatic stress disorder, which increases the risk of PPD. Conclusion: It is essential to
reduce unnecessary cesareans, improve education-such as prenatal education on types
of delivery and their consequences-and provide comprehensive support during pregnancy
and postpartum, as well as to use tools for early detection of PPD symptoms to prevent
its onset
Cochlear dysfunction as an early biomarker of cognitive decline in normal hearing and mild hearing loss
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.INTRODUCTION: Age-related hearing loss is an important risk factor for cognitive decline. However, audiogram thresholds are not good estimators of dementia risk in subjects with normal hearing or mild hearing loss. Here we propose to use distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) as an objective and sensitive tool to estimate the risk of cognitive decline in older adults with normal hearing or mild hearing loss. METHODS: We assessed neuropsychological, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and auditory analyses on 94 subjects > 64 years of age. RESULTS: We found that cochlear dysfunction, measured by DPOAEs—and not by conventional audiometry—was associated with Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SoB) classification and brain atrophy in the group with mild hearing loss (25 to 40 dB) and normal hearing (<25 dB). DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that DPOAEs may be a non-invasive tool for detecting neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in the older adults, potentially allowing for early intervention
Age does not influence the physical performance of football players with cerebral palsy
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)The aims of this study were to compare the physical performance profile of football players with cerebral palsy (CP), according to their age, consider the sport class (FT1, FT2, and FT3), and analyse the relationship between their age and their physical performance. The physical performance of seventy-five CP football players from the Spanish CP Football National Competition was assessed. A one-way analysis of variance did not reveal physical performance differences between CP football players classified into four age-groups ( 35vyears). The Pearson's correlation analysis did not show a correlation between players’ physical performance and their age, except for dribbling ability in the overall sample (r = 0.25; P = 0.037). The linear regression analysis showed that the age only predicted the dribbling ability (β = 0.25; P < 0.05) but with low explained variance (R2 = 0.06). The main finding of the present study reveals no systematic differences in physical performance between CP football players according to their age
Elevating understanding : Linking high-altitude hypoxia to brain aging through EEG functional connectivity and spectral analyses
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.High-altitude hypoxia triggers brain function changes reminiscent of those in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease, compromising cognition and executive functions. Our study sought to validate high-altitude hypoxia as a model for assessing brain activity disruptions akin to aging. We collected EEG data from 16 healthy volunteers during acute high-altitude hypoxia (at 4,000 masl) and at sea level, focusing on relative changes in power and aperiodic slope of the EEG spectrum due to hypoxia. Additionally, we examined functional connectivity using wPLI, and functional segregation and integration using graph theory tools. High altitude led to slower brain oscillations, that is, increased δ and reduced α power, and flattened the 1/f aperiodic slope, indicating higher electrophysiological noise, akin to healthy aging. Notably, functional integration strengthened in the θ band, exhibiting unique topographical patterns at the subnetwork level, including increased frontocentral and reduced occipitoparietal integration. Moreover, we discovered significant correlations between subjects’ age, 1/f slope, θ band integration, and observed robust effects of hypoxia after adjusting for age. Our findings shed light on how reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes influence brain activity patterns resembling those in neurodegenerative disorders and aging, making high-altitude hypoxia a promising model for comprehending the brain in health and disease
Structures of Ni-doped Bn (n = 1–13) clusters : A computational study
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Elsevier B.V.The structural and stability properties of Ni-doped boron clusters (NiBn with n = 1–13) are investigated by the SCG (systematic growth algorithm) method in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that the Ni dopant adopt peripheral and top positions in the lowest-energy structures of NiBn clusters. Planar and quasi-planar structures are found for n = 3–6, 10 and 11 while three-dimensional for n = 7–8, 12 and 13. The NiBn clusters show slightly less binding energy compared to the pure Bn clusters. The relative stability of the clusters is rationalized through energetic parameters such as ionization potential, electron affinity, second order energy difference and HOMO–LUMO gap. The results show that NiB12 possess magic characteristics, supported by the energetic parameters and AdNDP bonding analyses
The Effects of Lockdown, Urban Meteorology, Pollutants, and Anomalous Diffusion on the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Santiago de Chile
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.A study was carried out in Santiago de Chile, located in a geographic basin, on the sustainability and diffusion of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Hourly measurements were used (carried out for 3.25 years in seven communes of the city) to quantify the accumulated sick (AS) population, urban meteorology variables (MVs) (temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and magnitude of wind speed (WS)), and air pollution (P) (PM10, PM2.5, 03). Time series (TS) were constructed for each commune, which related AS to MVs, called AS/VM, and to P, noted AS/P. Chaos theory was applied to each TS, requiring the following variables: the Lyapunov exponent (λ > 0), the correlation dimension (DC 0), the Hurst exponent (H, such that 0 0), and information loss ( < 0). Every TS complied with chaos theory. For each commune, CK was calculated as a quotient between the sum of AS/T, AS/WS, and AS/RH entropies and the sum of AS/PM10, AS/PM2.5, and AS/O3 entropies. The results show that the entropy for the AS/P ratio is lower than that of the AS/VM ratio in three of the seven communes, since between 2020 and early 2022, the population was confined, reducing pollution. The TS of the AS/P ratio is more persistent and complex. The predictability times of the ratios are comparable in four of the seven communes. The TS of the AS/MV ratios shows greater information loss and chaos. According to the calculated CK values, it is possible to relate it to anomalous diffusion (sub/super-diffusion) and the context that favored the expansion of the pandemic: urban densification, pollution, urban meteorology, population density, etc. Using Fréchet heavy-tailed probability, the compatibility of the results with CK is verified
Prevalencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en caballos pura raza chilena en la ciudad de Arauco (Chile) y sus alrededores
Get PDFLos caballos están expuestos a endoparásitos que generalmente no causan signos clínicos, pero que en particulares condiciones de densidad parasitaria pueden ocasionar daño tisular y problemas de salud. Elevadas cargas parasitarias gastrointestinales pueden estar asociadas a la baja absorción de nutrientes esenciales, lo que se manifiesta en signos clínicos como pelaje opaco, mala condición corporal y disminución en el desempeño deportivo. Además, alta concentración o migración de estados larvarios de parásitos gastrointestinales pueden llevar a síndromes de mayor gravedad como el abdomen agudo. Los pequeños estróngilos son los parásitos de mayor prevalencia en el caballo, lo cual estaría condicionado al lugar donde habitan, como un sistema estabulado o un sistema pastoril, donde la prevalencia puede variar tan ampliamente del 41,6% y 83,3% respectivamente. Dada la escasa información sobre prevalencia de parasitosis gastrointestinal en caballos Pura Raza Chileno (CPRCH) en Arauco (Chile), las condiciones de mantenimiento y la sostenida preocupación sobre resistencia a las drogas utilizadas en su control, se planteó la necesidad de realizar un estudio de prevalencia de parasitosis gastrointestinales. La pregunta de investigación fue ¿Cuál es la prevalencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en la población de caballos Pura Raza Chilena de la ciudad de Arauco y sus alrededores? El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo contribuir al conocimiento de la prevalencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en el CPRCH. La técnica de diagnóstico empleada fue el de análisis coproparasitario cualitativo, expresando los resultados en presencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en materia fecal. En esta población de 73 ejemplares, 38 hembras y 35 machos, se encontró una prevalencia del 100% de parasitosis gastrointestinales estando presentes los géneros Strongylus, Taenia y Oxyurus en un 82,2%, 73,9% y 19,2% respectivamente con un porcentaje de coinfección del 72,6%. Se obtiene una prevalencia de 100% para ambos sexos.Horses are exposed to endoparasites that generally do not cause clinical signs, but under particular conditions of parasite density can cause tissue damage and health problems. High gastrointestinal parasite loads may be associated with low absorption of essential nutrients, which manifest itself in clinical signs such as dull coat, poor body condition, and decreased sports performance. Furthermore, high concentration or migration of larval stages of gastrointestinal parasites can lead to more serious syndromes such as acute abdomen. Small strongyls are the most prevalent parasites in horses, which would depend on the place where they live, such as a stabled system or a pastoral system, where the prevalence can vary widely from 41.6% and 83.3% respectively. Given the scarce information on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitosis in Purebred Chilean Horses (CPRCH) in Arauco (Chile), the maintenance conditions and the sustained concern about resistance to the drugs used in their control, the need to carry out a study of prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. The research question was: What is the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the population of Purebred Chilean horses from the city of Arauco and its surroundings? The objective of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the CPRCH. The diagnostic technique used was qualitative coproparasitic analysis, expressing the results in the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal matter. In this population of 73 specimens, 38 females and 35 males, a 100% prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitosis was found, with the genera Strongylus, Taenia and Oxyurus being present in 82.2%, 73.9% and 19.2% respectively with a coinfection percentage of 72.6%. A prevalence of 100% is obtained for both sexes
Cisplatin-resistance and aggressiveness are enhanced by a highly stable endothelin-converting enzyme-1c in lung cancer cells
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Background: Lung cancer constitutes the leading cause of cancer mortality. High levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), its cognate receptor ETAR and its activating enzyme, the endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), have been reported in several cancer types, including lung cancer. ECE-1 comprises four isoforms, which only differ in their cytoplasmic N-terminus. Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates the N-terminus of isoform ECE-1c, increasing its stability and leading to enhanced invasiveness in glioblastoma and colorectal cancer cells, which is believed to be mediated by the amino acid residue Lys-6, a conserved putative ubiquitination site neighboring the CK2-phosphorylated residues Ser-18 and Ser-20. Whether Lys-6 is linked to the acquisition of a cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotype and aggressiveness in human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells has not been studied. Methods: In order to establish the role of Lys-6 in the stability of ECE-1c and its involvement in lung cancer aggressiveness, we mutated this residue to a non-ubiquitinable arginine and constitutively expressed the wild-type (ECE-1cWT) and mutant (ECE-1cK6R) proteins in A549 and H1299 human NSCLC cells by lentiviral transduction. We determined the protein stability of these clones alone or in the presence of the CK2 inhibitor silmitasertib, compared to ECE-1cWT and mock-transduced cells. In addition, the concentration of secreted ET-1 in the growth media was determined by ELISA. Expression of stemness genes were determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. Chemoresistance to cisplatin was studied by MTS viability assay. Migration and invasion were measured through transwell and Matrigel assays, respectively, and the side-population was determined using flow cytometry. Results: ECE-1cK6R displayed higher stability in NSCLC cells compared to ECE-1cWT-expressing cells, but ET-1 secreted levels showed no difference up to 48 h. Most importantly, ECE-1cK6R promoted expression of the stemness genes c-Myc, Sox-2, Oct-4, CD44 and CD133, which enhance cellular self-renewal capability. Also, the ECE-1cK6R-expressing cells showed higher cisplatin chemoresistance, correlating with an augmented side-population abundance due to the increased expression of the ABCG2 efflux pump. Finally, the ECE-1cK6R-expressing cells showed enhanced invasiveness, which correlated with the regulated expression of known EMT markers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an important role of ECE-1c in lung cancer. ECE-1c is key in a non-canonical ET-1-independent mechanism which triggers a CSC-like phenotype, leading to enhanced lung cancer aggressiveness. Underlying this mechanism, ECE-1c is stabilized upon phosphorylation by CK2, which is upregulated in many cancers. Thus, phospho-ECE-1c may be considered as a novel prognostic biomarker of recurrence, as well as the CK2 inhibitor silmitasertib as a potential therapy for lung cancer patients
¿Diplomacia pública o propaganda cultural? : Gran Bretaña en América Latina durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. La red de sociedades anglófilas en Chile
No full textDurante el período de entreguerras y la Segunda Guerra Mundial, las grandes potencias incorporaron iniciativas culturales y de colaboración intelectual asociadas al ejercicio del "poder blando", donde es difícil diferenciar la diplomacia de la propaganda bélica. Este artículo describe cómo diplomáticos británicos interactuaron con redes de la comunidad anglochilena en Gran Bretaña y Chile, para gestar proyectos intelectuales y propaganda cultural. Usando registros de prensa y documentos diplomáticos de Chile y el Reino Unido, explora las iniciativas de una red transnacional de actores estatales y no estatales para promover el ideario cultural británico y sensibilizar a líderes de opinión sobre la causa aliada