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Combined yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolysed yeast has potential to improve ruminal ADF digestion and modify CP degradability dependent on substrate.
Rationale: Live yeast cultures have been a popular additive in ruminant feeds to improve fermentation efficiency, rumen, and intestinal health. However, very little is known about inactive yeast culture and hydrolysable yeast cells on nutrient digestibility in ruminants.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a combined yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolysed yeast (YC+EHY) on in vitro ruminal dry matter and nutrient digestibility of contrasting substrates.
Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted in the Animal Nutrition laboratory in the Department of Food Production, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine campus between January to March 2023. Seven chemically contrasting substrates including leaves and petiole of forage plants (Trichanthera gigantea, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and Brachiaria arrecta), agriculture by-products (soybean meal, rice hulls) and a commercial concentrate feed for dairy cattle were incubated in vitro with and without YC+EHY to determine dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility after 24- and 48-hours incubation (ANKOM Technology, method no. 3). Most feedstuffs were collected at the University of the West Indies Field Station or commercial dairy farms in Trinidad & Tobago over a 2-week period. These feedstuffs are widely used to feed ruminant animals in tropical environments as either supplemental or basal feedstuffs. A second experiment evaluated in vitro CP degradability by incubating the same substrates for 0-, 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-, 24-, and 48-hours with and without YC+EHY
Jamaica’s Education Act - A (Potential) Tool for Realisation of Children’s Rights to Adequate Food and Health
This paper examines the Jamaican school food environment in light of children’s rights to adequate food and health drawing on both international human rights treaties as well as domestic law. It highlights the State’s obligations to safeguard children’s rights relating to health and food within the school setting and in so doing, underlines some of the challenges posed by private sector involvement in Jamaican schools, particularly in relation to the marketing of unhealthy food and beverages within the school environment. The author ultimately argues for legislative reform through the Education Act as one way of allowing for fuller realisation of children’s rights to adequate food and health within Jamaican schools
Birth Stories of Trinidad and Tobago: Monique Timothy
Monique Timothy is an executive assistant in a government ministry. She is her father's only child and her mother's first child. She recalls giving birth, how excited she was to learn was pregnant, her decision to access private care up until her third trimester and attend lamaze classes offered by the public hospital
AI and L2 Learners: A Study of Artificial Intelligence in Second Language Learning - User Awareness and Interactions with Agents, at The University of the West Indies.
Tapia Plastering
Landscape; Black & white; 3 ½” x 5 ½”Card reads in full ; Tapia plastering; a cheap method of making walls with clay and dry grass, mostly used by Indians; Trinidad, B.W.I.
This is an image of man wearing a broad rim hat in the process of plastering the wall of the hut (ajoupa) using his hands. These huts were used first by Amerindians, then indentured East Indian labourers in colonial times. This is a divided back postcard. Back of the postcard; A €4 (Handwritten in pencil). Copyright: Ace Studio, Trinidad (15). Printed in Scotland by Robert Maclehose & Co., Ltd
Birth Stories of Trinidad and Tobago: Ava-Dawn Alexander Lewis
Ava is a stay at home mother of three children. Her oldest child who is twelve years old, was born at Gulf View Medical Centre, La Romain. For the second child she had her second child at the Center. Her third child was born at home
Hauling molasses by spider. Barbados, B. W. I.
Landscape, Black & White, 3 ½” x 5½ “This image shows workers pulling carts called “Spiders”, which have puncheons or what is commonly called a barrel attached. This device was used for making it easier to move a puncheon of molasses or rum using only the power of human muscles. These puncheons are filled with molasses for shipping to other countries. There are a number of male workers hauling and organizing the barrels. There is an ad for “Veedol - the lubricant that resists heat” located on the side of the store. There is also a tractor with the licensed number #0124 visible on the street.
This is a divided back postcard.
Back of the Postcard
CMNTD £22 (Handwritten in Pencil
Birth Sories of Trinidad and Tobago: Krystal Allard
Krystal Allard, a stay-at-home mother of two children, recounts her birth experience with each pregnancy
The “Stigma” Surrounding the Pursuit of Foreign Languages as a Career and Field of Study in Trinidad
The Right Excellent Nanny
Landscape; Black & white; 4 ½” x 6 ½”Picture of the exterior wall at the entrance of the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica. On the wall are the painted words, NANNY A FI WE QUEEN. This is a divided back postcard. At the back; The Right Excellent Nanny ©Gareth Wyn Jones, March 1994