Repositorio Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana
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Analyse des politiques publiques d'action sociale sur la qualité de vie des personnes handicapées du Sénégal: le cas du département de bignona
No full textLa problématique posée par le handicap a été et reste une préoccupation majeure des pouvoirs publics car elle véhicule des représentations conduisant à des attitudes répréhensibles. Depuis l'Antiquité, la prise en charge des personnes handicapées est dépendante de la stigmatisation liée à des politiques sociales contextualisées. Pour ce faire, afin de rendre efficaces les interventions des acteurs et de définir des projets et programmes susceptibles d'améliorer la qualité de vie des personnes handicapées, la communauté scientifique a jugé opportun de procéder à des classifications du handicap : la classification internationale des maladies chroniques (CIM), la Classification internationale du handicap (CIH) et la Classification internationale du fonctionnement (CIF). Ainsi, on note une nette ressemblance entre les composantes de la qualité de vie et celles de la CIF. Cet état de fait est corroboré par les résultats des enquêtes qui militent en faveur de la mobilisation des dimensions objectives et subjectives de la qualité de vie. C'est dans ce contexte que l'étude révèle que 59% des personnes interrogées perçoivent la bonne santé comme l'équivalent d'une bonne qualité de vie, tandis que 92,3% la considèrent comme sa dimension la plus importante. Par conséquent, les politiques publiques d'action sociale traduites en projets et programmes doivent sans aucun doute porter sur la santé au sens large afin de contribuer à l'amélioration de la qualité de vie des personnes handicapées. De manière explicite, chaque personne handicapée définira son projet de vie axé sur : la réadaptation à base communautaire, l'approche territoriale, l'autonomisation et l'érection d'infrastructures sociales
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders in University Students: The RUNEAT Study
No full textThe purpose of the study is to assess the risk of developing general eating disorders (ED), anorexia nervosa (AN), and bulimia nervosa (BN), as well as to examine the effects of gender, academic year, place of residence, faculty, and diet quality on that risk. Over two academic years, 129 first- and fourth-year Uneatlántico students were included in an observational descriptive study. The self-administered tests SCOFF, EAT-26, and BITE were used to determine the participants’ risk of developing ED. The degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was used to evaluate the quality of the diet. Data were collected at the beginning (T1) and at the end (T2) of the academic year. The main results were that at T1, 34.9% of participants were at risk of developing general ED, AN 3.9%, and BN 16.3%. At T2, these percentages were 37.2%, 14.7%, and 8.5%, respectively. At T2, the frequency of general ED in the female group was 2.5 times higher (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.22–5.32, p = 0.012). The low-moderate adherence to the MD students’ group was 0.92 times less frequent than general ED at T2 (OR: 0.921, 95%CI: 0.385–2.20, p < 0.001). The most significant risk factor for developing ED is being a female in the first year of university. Moreover, it appears that the likelihood of developing ED generally increases during the academic year
Evolving epidemiology, clinical features, and genotyping of dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh, 2000–2024: a systematic review
No full textBackground: The 2023 dengue outbreak has proven that dengue is not only an endemic disease but also an emerging health threat in Bangladesh. Integrated studies on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, seasonality, and genotype of dengue are limited. This study was conducted to determine recent trends in the molecular epidemiology, clinical features, and seasonality of dengue outbreaks.
Methods: We analyzed data from 41 original studies, extracting epidemiological information from all 41 articles, clinical symptoms from 30 articles, and genotypic diversity from 11 articles. The study adhered to the standards of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement and Cochrane Collaboration guidelines.
Conclusion: This study provides integrated insights into the molecular epidemiology, clinical features, seasonality, and transmission of dengue in Bangladesh and highlights research gaps for future studies
Blockchain based transparent and reliable framework for wheat crop supply chain
No full textThe wheat crop that fulfills 35% of human food demand is facing several problems due to a lack of transparency, security, reliability, and traceability in the existing agriculture supply chain. Many systems have been developed for the agriculture supply chain to overcome such issues, however, monopolistic centralized control is the biggest hurdle to realizing the use of such systems. It has eventually gained consumers’ trust in branded products and rejected other products due to the lack of traceable supply chain information. This study proposes a blockchain-based framework for supply chain traceability which provides trustable, transparent, secure, and reliable services for the wheat crop. A crypto token called wheat coin (WC) has been introduced to keep track of transactions among the stakeholders of the wheat supply chain. Moreover, an initial coin offering (ICO) of WC, crypto wallets, and an economic model are proposed. Furthermore, a smart contract-based transaction system has been devised for the transparency of wheat crop transactions and conversion of WC to fiat and vice versa. We have developed the interplanetary file system (IPFS) to improve data availability, security, and transparency which stores encrypted private data of farmers, businesses, and merchants. Lastly, the results of the experiments show that the proposed framework shows better performance as compared to previous crop supply chain solutions in terms of latency to add-blocks, per-minute transactions, average gas charge for the transaction, and transaction verification time. Performance analysis with Bitcoin and Ethereum shows the superior performance of the proposed system
Flavan-3-ols and Vascular Health: Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms of Action
No full textCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. A healthy diet rich in plant-derived compounds such as (poly)phenols appears to have a key role in improving cardiovascular health. Flavan-3-ols represent a subclass of (poly)phenols of great interest for their possible health benefits. In this review, we summarized the results of clinical studies on vascular outcomes of flavan-3-ol supplementation and we focused on the role of the microbiota in CVD. Clinical trials included in this review showed that supplementation with flavan-3-ols mostly derived from cocoa products significantly reduces blood pressure and improves endothelial function. Studies on catechins from green tea demonstrated better results when involving healthy individuals. From a mechanistic point of view, emerging evidence suggests that microbial metabolites may play a role in the observed effects. Their function extends beyond the previous belief of ROS scavenging activity and encompasses a direct impact on gene expression and protein function. Although flavan-3-ols appear to have effects on cardiovascular health, further studies are needed to clarify and confirm these potential benefits and the rising evidence of the potential involvement of the microbiota
Performance of the 4C and SEIMC scoring systems in predicting mortality from onset to current COVID-19 pandemic in emergency departments
No full textThe evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with variations in clinical presentation and severity. Similarly, prediction scores may suffer changes in their diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study was to test the 30-day mortality predictive validity of the 4C and SEIMC scores during the sixth wave of the pandemic and to compare them with those of validation studies. This was a longitudinal retrospective observational study. COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department of a Spanish hospital from December 15, 2021, to January 31, 2022, were selected. A side-by-side comparison with the pivotal validation studies was subsequently performed. The main measures were 30-day mortality and the 4C and SEIMC scores. A total of 27,614 patients were considered in the study, including 22,361 from the 4C, 4,627 from the SEIMC and 626 from our hospital. The 30-day mortality rate was significantly lower than that reported in the validation studies. The AUCs were 0.931 (95% CI: 0.90–0.95) for 4C and 0.903 (95% CI: 086–0.93) for SEIMC, which were significantly greater than those obtained in the first wave. Despite the changes that have occurred during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with a reduction in lethality, scorecard systems are currently still useful tools for detecting patients with poor disease risk, with better prognostic capacity
Structure du marché du travail en Côte d’Ivoire : une étude descriptive à la lumière des programmes et projets publics d’emploi
No full textL’économie ivoirienne a connu un dynamisme au cours de la dernière décennie, marqué par des taux de croissance du Produit Intérieur Brut (PIB) successifs de 7% en moyenne. Cependant, le pays reste confronté au problème de sous-emploi notamment des jeunes, en dépit d’un faible niveau de taux de chômage (2,8% en moyenne), voilant une précarité des emplois et un chômage accru chez les jeunes diplômés. D’où la nécessité de disséquer les composantes du marché du travail afin d’élaborer des politiques publiques d’emploi plus adaptées.La présente recherche décrit la structure actuelle du marché du travail, ses interactions avec les différents acteurs, avec un focus sur l’efficacité de certains programmes et projets d’emploi. La méthodologie utilisée est basée sur les méthodes statistiques quantitatives d’analyse descriptive, notamment l’analyse factorielle. Par ailleurs, l’analyse de l’efficacité des projets et programmes s’est faite à l’aide des outils d’analyse de la science indicamétrique. Les données de cette recherche proviennent de l’Enquête Nationale sur l’Emploi (ENE) réalisée en 2019 auprès de plus de 10 000 ménages. Les analyses mettent en exergue les principales caractéristiques suivantes du marché du travail ivoirien :-Les femmes sont désavantagées sur le marché du travail par rapport aux hommes, notamment en milieu urbain ;-Les personnes moins instruites ou n’ayant aucun diplôme sont plus insérées que celles plus instruites ;-Les jeunes détenteurs de diplômes de l’enseignement technique et professionnel sont plus insérés que leurs homologues détenteurs de diplômes de l’enseignement général ;-Le chômage est plus élevé chez les jeunes de moins de 35 ans par rapport aux autres groupes d’âge ;-Le chômage est plus élevé chez les personnes célibataires par rapport à celles en union ;-La prise en compte des capacités intrinsèques des gestionnaires des projets accroit significativement leur probabilité de succès
Das “Escolas” de Ritos de Iniciação de Passagem dos meninos e das meninas em Moçambique às Escolas oficiais: proposta para uma educação intercultural
No full textNas sociedades ancestrais moçambicanas, a educação nas "escolas" de Ritos de Iniciação de passagem dos meninos e meninas é dever sagrado à comunidade aldeã. Os mestres(as) de iniciação têm a responsabilidade de transmitir na oralidade os conteúdos doutrinários, integrando os adolescentes nos aspectos da vida como: linguagem, pensamento, emoções, comportamento individual e coletivo. No entanto, as escolas oficiais da colonização portuguesa desprezam essas tradições, resultando em um descaso pela cultura ancestral e Ritos de Iniciação. Com abordagem mista quali-quantitativa, descritiva-exploratória, interpretativa-hermenêutica e paradigma-pragmático associado ao hermenêutico, este estudo objetivou perscrutar a educação dada nas “escolas” de Ritos de Iniciação de Passagem dos meninos(as) moçambicanos frente à educação das escolas oficial propondo um currículo/educação intercultural. A amostra incluiu 42 participantes de ambos os sexos, sendo (13) professores e 29 alunos do ensino secundário de escolas das cidades de: Nampula, Quelimane, Maputo, Pemba e Lichinga. Os instrumentos da pesquisa foram: questionário Ad hoc publicado no Google Forms, leitura flutuante, revisão bibliográfica e documental. Análise de dados: para as questões abertas a análise de conteúdo que permitiu cruzar as informações sobre a educação nas "escolas" de Ritos de Iniciação, nas escolas oficiais e no currículo básico moçambicano, as fechadas foram tabuladas e analisadas e apresentadas em estatística descritiva. Conclui-se que o conhecimento oficial deve dialogar e compreender a relação dialética existente entre a educação dada nas escolas dos Ritos de Iniciação e a educação oficial moderna, os alunos trazem consigo saberes, conhecimentos, experiência dos irmãos, vizinhos e amigos vivenciadas nas “Escolas” de Ritos de Iniciação, portanto, não devem ser desconhecidas e marginalizadas, pois são um marcador social e ancestral dos povos Moçambicanos na medida em que os transforma em adultos e integra-os na vida da aldeia
A real-time air-writing model to recognize Bengali characters
No full textAir-writing is a widely used technique for writing arbitrary characters or numbers in the air. In this study, a data collection technique was developed to collect hand motion data for Bengali air-writing, and a motion sensor-based data set was prepared. The feature set as then utilized to determine the most effective machine learning (ML) model among the existing well-known supervised machine learning models to classify Bengali characters from air-written data. Our results showed that medium Gaussian SVM had the highest accuracy (96.5%) in the classification of Bengali character from air writing data. In addition, the proposed system achieved over 81% accuracy in real-time classification. The comparison with other studies showed that the existing supervised ML models predicted the created data set more accurately than many other models that have been suggested for other languages
Depression Intensity Classification from Tweets Using FastText Based Weighted Soft Voting Ensemble
No full textPredicting depression intensity from microblogs and social media posts has numerous benefits and applications, including predicting early psychological disorders and stress in individuals or the general public. A major challenge in predicting depression using social media posts is that the existing studies do not focus on predicting the intensity of depression in social media texts but rather only perform the binary classification of depression and moreover noisy data makes it difficult to predict the true depression in the social media text. This study intends to begin by collecting relevant Tweets and generating a corpus of 210000 public tweets using Twitter public application programming interfaces (APIs). A strategy is devised to filter out only depression-related tweets by creating a list of relevant hashtags to reduce noise in the corpus. Furthermore, an algorithm is developed to annotate the data into three depression classes: ‘Mild,’ ‘Moderate,’ and ‘Severe,’ based on International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) depression diagnostic criteria. Different baseline classifiers are applied to the annotated dataset to get a preliminary idea of classification performance on the corpus. Further FastText-based model is applied and fine-tuned with different preprocessing techniques and hyperparameter tuning to produce the tuned model, which significantly increases the depression classification performance to an 84% F1 score and 90% accuracy compared to baselines. Finally, a FastText-based weighted soft voting ensemble (WSVE) is proposed to boost the model’s performance by combining several other classifiers and assigning weights to individual models according to their individual performances. The proposed WSVE outperformed all baselines as well as FastText alone, with an F1 of 89%, 5% higher than FastText alone, and an accuracy of 93%, 3% higher than FastText alone. The proposed model better captures the contextual features of the relatively small sample class and aids in the detection of early depression intensity prediction from tweets with impactful performances