Portal de Revistas Eletrônicas (Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca)
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Pardos e morenos veracruzanos, século XVIII: branquitude e diferença colonial nas milícias novo-hispanas
No full textThis article aims to show how the ideas of whiteness and colonial difference were made evident in the recruitment of new Spaniards of African descent to the defence models of Catholic Monarchy and how these two elements conditioned —although not impeded— brown and dark-skinned people access to those armies. This writing is made up of three sections presenting case studies from various records. First, a historical context of militias in the Americas is presented. Secondly, social whitening strategies used by Afro-descendant people to enter the militias are discussed, and thirdly, the existence of independent militia companies is analyzed, as a mechanism of differentiated access for brown and dark-skinned people to the New Spain armed forces in the 18th century. The article concludes with a set of final considerations.En el artículo pretendemos demostrar como las ideas de blanquitud y diferencia colonial se hicieron patentes durante la incorporación de los afrodescendientes novohispanos a los modelos defensivos de la Monarquía católica y como estos dos elementos condicionaron — pero no impidieron— el acceso de pardos y morenos a estos cuerpos. El escrito se compone de tres apartados en los que se utilizan estudios de caso provenientes de diversos archivos. Se comienza el texto presentando un contexto histórico de las milicias en el continente americano. Posteriormente se discuten las estrategias de blanqueamiento social utilizadas por los afrodescendientes para ingresar a las milicias y en el tercer y último apartado, se analiza la existencia de compañías milicianas de tipo independientes como un mecanismo más de acceso diferenciado para pardos y morenos a las fuerzas armadas novohispanas en el siglo XVIII. Cerraremos el articulo con un conjunto de reflexiones finales.No artigo pretendemos demonstrar como as ideias de branquitude e diferença colonial tornaram-se evidentes durante a incorporação dos afrodescendentes novo-hispanos aos modelos defensivos da Monarquia católica e como esses dois elementos condicionaram
– mas não impediram – o acesso de pardos e morenos a esses corpos. O texto compõe-se de três partes em que se usam estudos de caso que provêm de diversos arquivos. Começa apresentando um contexto histórico das milícias no continente americano. Posteriormente, discutem-se as estratégias de branqueamento social utilizadas pelos afrodescendentes para ingressar às milícias e, na terceira e última parte, analisa-se a existência de companhias milicianas de tipo independente como um mecanismo de acesso diferenciado para pardos e morenos às forças armadas novo-hispanas no século XVIII. Encerramos o artigo com um conjunto de reflexões finais
O método de Marx e a inversão da dialética
No full textThis article addresses the significance of Marx’ critical approach turning Hegelian dialectics upside down and discusses the intricacies of Marx’ transmodern thinking in relation to and beyond the various dialectical levels, towards some analectics going through from the interpretation to the transformation of the world.El artículo aborda el significado de la inversión de la dialéctica hegeliana en el método crítico de Marx y expone la complejidad del pensamiento transmoderno de Marx en relación y más allá de los distintos niveles de la dialéctica, hacia una analéctica que transita de la interpretación a la transformación del mundo.O artigo aborda o significado da inversão da dialética hegeliana no método crítico de Marx e expõe a complexidade do pensamento transmoderno de Marx em relação e além dos diferentes níveis da dialética, para uma analética que transita da interpretação para a transformação do mundo
Pesquisa acadêmica e práticas artísticas ambientais latino-americanas
No full textThis dossier brings together four essays that show how recent scholarship, art, and design practice are shaping the emergent field of Latin American Environmental Humanities — a rapidly consolidating discipline that cross-fertilises methods and perspectives stemming from the social sciences, arts and humanities, natural sciences, and Indigenous thought, to critically interrogate environmental histories and confront contemporary challenges. Together, these review essays map a critical renewal of cultural studies that is currently unfolding through recent theoretical-analytical publications, ethnographic work, art practice, and site-specific art and design collaborations. We trace routes through a diverse corpus of emerging environmental scholarship, artistic and situated practice research, and public engagement activities, to show how they respond to the urgent challenge “to think in the presence of ongoing facts of destruction”. The books, artworks, and collaborative fieldwork projects reviewed here problematise the culture/nature dichotomy as constitutive of the current ecological and climate crises, rethink the Western metaphysics of ontology and semiotics, and seed sympoetic experiments and alternate ways of knowing that reach across disciplinary divides.El presente dossier reúne cuatro artículos que demuestran cómo un número de estudios recientes, junto a prácticas de arte y de diseño se encuentran reconfigurando el campo emergente de las humanidades ambientales latinoamericanas —una disciplina en rápida consolidación que nutre métodos y perspectivas derivados de las ciencias sociales, las artes y las humanidades; las ciencias naturales y el pensamiento indígena— con el fin de interrogar críticamente las historias ambientales y enfrentar los desafíos contemporáneos. Juntos, los artículos reunidos en estas páginas mapean una renovación crítica de los estudios culturales que está ocurriendo a través de publicaciones teórico-analíticas recientes, trabajos etnográficos, prácticas artísticas y colaboraciones de arte y diseño en territorios específicos. Más aún, trazamos rutas a través de un corpus diverso de estudios ambientales emergentes, investigación de prácticas artísticas situadas, y actividades de participación pública, para destacar cómo responden al desafío urgente de «pensar en presencia de hechos de destrucción vigentes» (Stengers 2013, p.186). Las investigaciones académicas, las obras de arte y los proyectos de trabajo de campo colaborativo reseñados aquí problematizan la dicotomía cultura/naturaleza como constitutiva de las actuales crisis ecológica y climática, reconsideran las premisas de la metafísica occidental ontológica y semiótica, y siembran experimentos simpoéticos y formas alternativas de conocimiento que trascienden las divisiones disciplinarias.O presente dossiê reúne quatro ensaios que demonstram como um número de estudos recentes, junto com práticas de arte e design, estão reconfigurando o campo emergente das humanidades ambientais latino-americanas — uma disciplina em rápida consolidação que nutre métodos e perspectivas derivados das ciências sociais, das artes e das humanidades; das ciências naturais e do pensamento indígena — com o fim de interrogar criticamente as histórias ambientais e enfrentar os desafios contemporâneos. Os ensaios reunidos neste dossiê mapeiam uma renovação crítica dos estudos culturais que está tendo lugar por meio de publicações teórico-analíticas recentes, trabalhos etnográficos, práticas artísticas e colaborações de arte e design em territórios específicos. Traçamos rotas por meio de um corpus diverso de estudos ambientais emergentes, pesquisa de práticas artísticas situadas e atividades de participação pública, para destacar como respondem ao desafio urgente de “pensar en presencia de hechos de destrucción vigentes” (Stengers 2013, p. 186). As pesquisas acadêmicas, as obras de arte e os projetos de trabalho de campo colaborativo aqui resenhados problematizam a dicotomia cultura/natureza como constitutiva das atuais crises ecológica e climática, reconsideram as premissas da metafísica ocidental ontológica e semiótica e semeiam experimentos simpoiéticos e formas alternativas de conhecimento que transcendem as divisões disciplinares. 
América-Latina e o giro botânico nos estudos culturais
No full textIn this essay, I discuss the turn to plant and vegetal life that has recently taken place in Latin American cultural studies. I do so by considering three recently published books on this matter: Monica Gagliano, John Ryan, and Patrícia Vieira’s edited volume The Language of Plants: Science, Philosophy, Literature, Theresa Miller’s Plant Kin: A Multispecies Ethnography in Indigenous Brazil, and Lesley Wylie’s The Poetics of Plants in Spanish American Literature. I sketch the contributions and possibilities within the broader botanical turn and expand on how Latin American scholarship offers novel tools to explore the entangled relations between humans and plants. Thinking through Latin American botanical scholarship, I suggest, opens new possibilities to move conversations on the botanical turn into unexpected territories characterized by hybridizations and multiplicities.Este artículo traza los contornos del reciente giro hacia la vida vegetal dentro de los estudios culturales latinoamericanos, a partir de una lectura de tres libros: el volumen editado por Monica Gagliano, John Ryan y Patrıcia Vieira The Language of Plants: Science, Philosophy, Literature; el libro de Theresa Miller Plant Kin: A Multispecies Ethnography in Indigenous Brazil; y The Poetics of Plants in Spanish American Literature de Lesley Wylie. El escrito presenta algunas de las contribuciones y posibilidades que hacen los trabajos dentro del giro botánico a las conversaciones de los estudios culturales, y luego señala cómo la especificidad latinoamericana ofrece y demanda novedosas estrategias metodológicas y conceptuales con las cuales abordar las enredadas relaciones entre los humanos y las plantas en el contexto regional. Pensar lo botánico desde las tradiciones de pensamiento latinoamericano, además, puede enriquecer las conversaciones del giro botánico y llevarlas hacia territorios caracterizados por hibridaciones y multiplicidades inesperadas.Este artigo traça os contornos do recente giro para a vida vegetal dentro dos estudos culturais latino-americanos, a partir da leitura de três livros: o volume editado por Monica Gagliano, John Ryan e Patricia Vieira The Language of Plants: Science, Philosophy, Literature; o livro de Theresa Miller Plant Kin: A Multispecies Ethnography in Indigenous Brazil; e The Poetics of Plants in Spanish American Literature de Lesley Wylie. O escrito apresenta algumas das contribuições e possibilidades que fazem os trabalhos no âmbito do giro botânico para os diálogos dos estudos culturais e, depois, aponta como a especificidade latino-americana oferece e demanda estratégias metodológicas e conceptuais inovadoras para abordar as emaranhadas relações entre os humanos e as plantas no contexto regional. Pensar o botânico desde as tradições de pensamento latino-americano, também pode enriquecer as conversas do giro botânico e levá-las para territórios caracterizados por hibridações e multiplicidades inesperadas
La transgresión a la norma 0459 de atención integral en salud con enfoque forense
No full textIntroduction
A high-quality and timely medical forensic examination can potentially validate and address the crime to restore victims\u27 rights, minimize the trauma they may experience, and promote healing.
Aim
To evaluate compliance with the forensic criteria of the comprehensive health care protocol for victims of sexual assault according to resolution 0459 of 2012 in four hospitals in southwestern Colombia.
Methods
Retrospective descriptive study, a checklist based on Resolution 0459 of 2012 was used to evaluate the process of care for victims of sexual assault in hospital institutions of low and medium complexity. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Categorical variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies, a Z score test was used with a value of p < 0.05 as statistical significance.
Results
131 cases of sexual assault treated in the emergency services of low and medium complexity institutions were documented. 87% of the cases occurred in women and 50.4% in people under 14 years of age. In most cases, the standard of comprehensive care for victims of sexual violence was not met.
Conclusion
The comprehensive care process with a forensic approach in Colombia is deficient; It violates the rights of victims, transgresses the gender equity policy and resolution 0459 of 2012. These situations could be having a significant impact on the administration of justice, the restitution of victims\u27 rights and the impunity of the crime.Introducción:
Un examen médico forense oportuno y de alta calidad puede potencialmente validar y abordar el delito.
Objetivos
Evaluar el cumplimiento de los criterios forenses del protocolo y modelo de atención integral en salud para víctimas de agresión sexual según la Resolución 0459 de 2012 en cuatro hospitales del suroccidente de Colombia.
Metodología
Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, se diseñó una lista de chequeo con base en la Resolución 0459 de 2012 para evaluar los criterios forenses del proceso de atención de las víctimas de agresión sexual en instituciones hospitalarias de baja y mediana complejidad. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos. Las variables categóricas se presentaron como frecuencias absolutas y relativas, se utilizó Z score test con un valor de p < 0,05 como significancia estadística.
Resultados:
Se documentaron 131 casos de agresión sexual atendidos en los servicios de urgencias de instituciones de baja y mediana complejidad. El 87% de los casos ocurrieron en mujeres y el 50,4% en personas menores de 14 años. En la mayoría de los casos no se cumplieron criterios de interés forense de la norma de atención integral a víctimas de agresión sexual.
Conclusiones: El proceso de atención integral con enfoque forense en Colombia es deficiente; vulnera los derechos de las víctimas, transgrede la política de equidad de género y la resolución 0459 de 2012. Estas situaciones podrían estar impactando de manera significativa en la administración de justicia, la restitución de derechos de las víctimas y la impunidad del delito
Importance of the dilution test in the dosageof coagulation factors XII and XI in plasma with positive lupus anticoagulant
No full textIntroduction. Thrombosis is associated with acquired risk factors or hypercoagulable states. Antiphospholipid antibodies are found in infectious processes or associated with arterial or venous thrombosis. Among these is the lupus anticoagulant, which is conside- red an interference inhibitor because it prolongs phospholipid-dependent tests in vitro. Objectives. To relate the activity of factor XII and XI in patients with positive lupus anti- coagulant. Methodology. Of 55 plasmas, 34 met the inclusion criteria. Factors XII and XI were dosed by metric clot methods. Samples less than 50 Ul/dl are considered low factor activity, to which the dilution test (parallelism) is performed. If a recovery greater than 15% of the factor is evidenced, it is considered interference. If, on the contrary, the result remains with little variation, it is confirmed. factor deficiency. Results. Of 34 dosages, 79.4% (27/34) presented a decrease in factor XI. A dilution test was performed, and 100% recovery of factor XI was observed; Regarding the dosage of factor XII, 29.4% (10/34) presented values below 50 IU/dl and 70.6% (24/34) normal, did not recover in 22.2% (2/9) presenting deficit. Conclusions. The study of a prolonged PTT is carried out due to suspicion of lupus anticoagulant or factor deficiency. The importance of the laboratory is that every time a decreased coagulation factor is found, plasma dilution must be done to determine if there is recovery of the factor or is a deficit of this.Introduction. Thrombosis is associated with acquired risk factors or hypercoagulable states. Antiphospholipid antibodies are found in infectious processes or associated with arterial or venous thrombosis. Among these is the lupus anticoagulant, which is conside- red an interference inhibitor because it prolongs phospholipid-dependent tests in vitro. Objectives. To relate the activity of factor XII and XI in patients with positive lupus anti- coagulant. Methodology. Of 55 plasmas, 34 met the inclusion criteria. Factors XII and XI were dosed by metric clot methods. Samples less than 50 Ul/dl are considered low factor activity, to which the dilution test (parallelism) is performed. If a recovery greater than 15% of the factor is evidenced, it is considered interference. If, on the contrary, the result remains with little variation, it is confirmed. factor deficiency. Results. Of 34 dosages, 79.4% (27/34) presented a decrease in factor XI. A dilution test was performed, and 100% recovery of factor XI was observed; Regarding the dosage of factor XII, 29.4% (10/34) presented values below 50 IU/dl and 70.6% (24/34) normal, did not recover in 22.2% (2/9) presenting deficit. Conclusions. The study of a prolonged PTT is carried out due to suspicion of lupus anticoagulant or factor deficiency. The importance of the laboratory is that every time a decreased coagulation factor is found, plasma dilution must be done to determine if there is recovery of the factor or is a deficit of this
Retrato de la Cuenca Media-alta del Río Atrato, una aproximación desde la historia ambiental
No full textThis article makes an approach to the environmental history of the upper-middle basin of the Atrato River. From an interpretive framework on the cultural notions of the River, primary and secondary sources were systematized and analyzed from which three historical milestones were specified that enclose the representation of various social actors on the water source (1. As a fluvial resource to investigate and colonize; 2. As a source of gold exploitation; 3. As a fundamental part of human survival). The exercise allowed narrating the history of the Atrato River from anthropic action, thus contributing to the understanding of the impact of human actions on nature. Finally, it is concluded that the ethnic communities are the ones who have built a more conscious relationship with the River and it is precisely for this reason that it is recommended to prioritize their proposals and actions to give a more effective execution to the opinions of Judgment T622 of 2016, from the which conceives the Atrato River as an entity subject to rights.Este artículo realiza una aproximación a la historia ambiental de la cuenca media-alta del Río Atrato. A partir de un marco interpretativo sobre las nociones culturales del Río, se sistematizaron y analizaron fuentes primarias y secundarias desde las cuáles se concretaron tres hitos históricos que encierran la representación de diversos actores sociales sobre la fuente hídrica (1. Como un recurso fluvial a investigar y colonizar; 2. Cómo una fuente de explotación de oro; 3. Como parte fundamental de la supervivencia humana). El ejercicio permitió narrar la historia del Río Atrato desde la acción antrópica, aportando así a la comprensión del impacto se las acciones humanas en la naturaleza. Finalmente, se concluye que las comunidades étnicas son quienes han construido una relación más consciente con el Río y es justamente por ello que se recomienda priorizar sus propuestas y acciones para dar una ejecución más eficaz a los dictámenes de la Sentencia T622 de 2016, desde la cual se concibe al Río Atrato como una entidad sujeta de derechos
Efecto de las bebidas pigmentantes sobre materiales restaurativos directos del sector posterior
No full textUn material restaurativo ideal sería capaz de adherirse al tejido dentario remaneciente y reproducir características naturales del diente como translucidez, color y dureza. El mercado odontológico ofrece materiales restaurativos como las Resinas compuestas, las Bulk Fill, Ionómero de vidrio y Cention-N. Estos brindan varias ventajas en el campo estético, sin embargo, sigue siendo un desafío evitar los efectos decolorantes que pueden causar ciertas bebidas pigmentantes de uso común. Por tanto, la finalidad de esta revisión fue describir los efectos producidos por bebidas pigmentantes como té, café y coca cola, sobre la estabilidad del color de algunos materiales restaurativos para el sector posterior, a fin de determinar cuál de ellos es la mejor opción estética para rehabilitar ese sector. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica, supeditada a los últimos 5 años (2017 – 2021), en bases de datos como Pubmed, ResearchGate, Web of science, ScienceDirect, Scielo, EBSCO, Semantic Scholar y Medigraphyc, utilizando como descriptores las palabras Cention-N, alkasite, resina compuesta, ionómero de vidrio, resina bulk-fill, estabilidad de color, propiedades físicas, bebidas, café, té, coca cola, combinadas con operadores booleanos AND y OR. Se obtuvo un total de 133 artículos publicados, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 21 por ofrecer información pertinente para el propósito de esta revisión. Los resultados mostraron que los cambios en la estabilidad de color, independientemente del material restaurativo, aparecen después de 7 días de inmersión. De acuerdo con la literatura revisada, Se concluye que el té es la solución más pigmentante, seguida del café y la coca cola. Por otra parte, el Cention N es el material con el mayor potencial de sufrir decoloración
Chemodrug resistance: Cancer’s fight for survival
No full textIntroduction. Chemoresistance is a multifactorial phenomenon implicated in all failed therapies and accounts for 90% of all cancer deaths and 30% of relapses. Objective. To understand the genetic mechanisms by which cancer cells acquire resistance to chemo drugs. Methodology. A non-systematic review study was carried out, in which genes and proteins involved in chemoresistance were searched using the terms “Cancer Drug resis- tance [Title/Abstract]”. From the articles obtained, highly involved genes, emerging genes, and proteins related to resistance were recognized. To obtain more specific information about genes, their interactions, and proteins associated with metabolism, the tools “The Human Protein Atlas”, “STRING CONSORTIUM 2022,” and The Small Molecule Pa- thway Database were used for their review. Results. From this review it was found that there are genes highly related to resistance such as: ABCA3, ABCB1, ABCB2, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCG2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, GSTA1. Recently recognised genes such as: FOXO3, FOXM1, Skp2, Snail, Twist1, ZEB1 and SLCO1B3. Conclusions. It is necessary to taking account new approaches related to cancer treatments considering chemoresistence and the genes related to the resistence.Introduction. Chemoresistance is a multifactorial phenomenon implicated in all failed therapies and accounts for 90% of all cancer deaths and 30% of relapses. Objective. To understand the genetic mechanisms by which cancer cells acquire resistance to chemo drugs. Methodology. A non-systematic review study was carried out, in which genes and proteins involved in chemoresistance were searched using the terms “Cancer Drug resis- tance [Title/Abstract]”. From the articles obtained, highly involved genes, emerging genes, and proteins related to resistance were recognized. To obtain more specific information about genes, their interactions, and proteins associated with metabolism, the tools “The Human Protein Atlas”, “STRING CONSORTIUM 2022,” and The Small Molecule Pa- thway Database were used for their review. Results. From this review it was found that there are genes highly related to resistance such as: ABCA3, ABCB1, ABCB2, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCG2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, GSTA1. Recently recognised genes such as: FOXO3, FOXM1, Skp2, Snail, Twist1, ZEB1 and SLCO1B3. Conclusions. It is necessary to taking account new approaches related to cancer treatments considering chemoresistence and the genes related to the resistence
A função social da empresa como elemento fundamental à concretização da dignidade da pessoa humana: reflexões sobre a ressocialização do egresso do sistema penitenciário
No full textA condition given that the prison system can be described as sub-human, stigmatized by society, becoming very difficult, or even inviável, or a process of even social inclusion. The present article aims to analyze and highlight the importance of the ressocialization of output, highlighting the social function of the company in this process, making possible the opportunity for recovery at output. The methodology used, supported by the principles of the social function of the company and the dignity of human people, implies a review of the available bibliography, examination of legislation and jurisprudence.La condición de las personas que salen del sistema penitenciario puede ser descrita como su humana, estigmatizada por la sociedad, lo que hace muy difícil, o mismo imposible, el proceso de inclusión social. Este artículo pretende analizar y resaltar la importancia de la resocialización del excarcelado, destacando la función social de la empresa en este proceso, proporcionando una oportunidad de recuperación al excarcelado. La metodología utilizada, basada en los principios de la función social de la empresa y de la dignidad de la persona humana, implica una revisión de la bibliografía disponible, el examen de la legislación y la jurisprudencia.A condição daquele que deixa o sistema prisional pode ser descrita como sub-humana, estigmado pela sociedade, tornando-se muito difícil, ou até mesmo inviável, o processo de inclusão social. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar e salientar a importância da ressocialização do egresso, ressaltando a função social da empresa nesse processo, viabilizando oportunidade de recuperação ao egresso. A metodologia utilizada, apoiada nos princípios da função social da empresa e dignidade da pessoa humana, implicou revisão da bibliografia disponível, exame da legislação e da jurisprudência