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Neem Azal T/S’nin Badem Yaprak Arısı, Cimbex quadrimaculata (Müller, 1766) (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) Larvaları Üzerinde Beslenme Engelleyici Etkisinin Belirlenmesi
No full textBu çalışmada, badem yaprak arısı Cimbex quadrimaculata (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) larvalarına karşı Neem Azal T/S bitki ekstraktının laboratuvar koşullarında maksimum beslenme engelleyici indeks (AFI) değeri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, yaprak daldırma yöntemi uygulanmış ve ölçüm konsantrasyonları %0 (Kontrol), %0.8, %1.0, %1.2, %2, %4, %6, %8 ve %10 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ekstrakt, zararlının 3. ve 4. dönem larvalarına karşı uygulanmıştır. Ekstraktın farklı dozlarının anti beslenme indeksleri seçenekli ve seçeneksiz metoda göre hesaplanmış, veriler arasında farkın olup olmadığı Kruskal Wallis testi ile belirlenmiştir. Seçenekli ve seçeneksiz metotlar arasındaki farklar da istatistiki olarak Mann Whitney U testi ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, her iki larva döneminde de seçenekli ve seçeneksiz metotlar içerisinde en yüksek AFI değeri % 10 konsantrasyon için kaydedilmiştir. En düşük AFI değeri ise iki metotta da her iki larva döneminde en düşük konsantrasyon olan %0.8’lik dozda ve ve zararlının 4. larva döneminde belirlenmiştir. Ekstraktın konsantrasyonu arttıkça, C. quadrimaculata larvalarının daha az yaprak tükettiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, en yüksek AFI değerlerinin %8 ile %10’luk dozlarda gerçekleştiği, Neem Azal T/S’ın doz artışıyla birlikte etkililiğinin arttığı belirlenmiştir
Impact of Almond Milk Fortified with Vitamin D3-Loaded Soy Protein Nanoparticles on Serum 25(OH)D3 Concentrations in Adults with CKD: A Pilot Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs the activation of vitamin D, leading to deficiencies that exacerbate disease progression and metabolic complications. This pilot study investigated the effects of consuming almond milk fortified with vitamin D3 nanoparticles on 25(OH)D3 among adults with advanced stages of CKD. Methods: A 21-day, double-blind randomized controlled pilot study was conducted. Participants (n = 18) were randomly assigned to consume 4 oz (118 ml) of almond milk daily with 4000 IU of vitamin D3 dispersed in soy protein nanoparticles (intervention group), or almond milk without vitamin D (control group). The primary outcome was the change in serum 25(OH)D3 levels, while secondary outcomes included changes in serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Results: From baseline to end of intervention, there was a significant decrease in serum 25(OH)D3 in the control group (49.2 ± 23.3 nmol/L to 44.5 ± 25.6 nmol/L; p 3. No differences between groups were observed in serum calcium and PTH. Conclusion: The consumption of almond milk fortified with vitamin D3 dispersed in soy protein nanoparticles increased 25(OH)D3 in adults with advanced stages of CKD over 21-days. Future research should explore the metabolism and long-term efficacy of nanoparticle-based delivery of vitamin D3 in larger, more diverse populations. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
The Theory of Latency from (Kumûn) the Perspective of Nazzam and Ibn Hazm Real
No full textGeçmişten bu yana âlemin yaratılması ve anlamlandırılması adına bazı çalışmalar yapılmış ve birtakım çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur. Kelâm ilmiyle şekillenen teolojik merkezli âlem anlayışı, farklı ekoller ve düşünürler tarafından çeşitli yöntemlerle ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Nazzâm ile İbn Hazm'ın yaratılış yaklaşımları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. İslâm kelâmında önemli bir yer tutan kümûn teorisinin daha iyi anlaşılması için, ''teceddüd-i emsâl'' ve ''halk-ı cedîd'' gibi kavramlar açıklanmıştır. Nazzâm'ın âlem tasavvuru ise, Allah'ın âlemi ilk kez yoktan yarattığını, ardından varlıkların kendi tabiatlarına uygun olarak, vakti geldiğinde ''zuhûr'' ettiklerini savunur. İbn Hazm ise Nazzâm'ın ilk yaratma fikrine katılır ancak, ilerleyen safhada yaratmanın sürekli ve bir dönüşüm sürecinde gerçekleştiğini savunmuştur. Her iki âlimin yaratma fikirlerinin daha da anlaşılır olması hasebiyle cisim, araz, cevher ve hareket mefhumları titizlikle analiz edilmiş ve bu bağlamda, kelâmî yaratılış kuramlarının tarihi ve ilerleme dizisi ele alınmıştır. Başvurulan materyal, klasik İslâm kaynakları ile çağdaş bilimsel araştırmaları birleştirerek metodolojik bir çerçevede sunulmuştur. Bulgular arasında, Nazzâm'ın kümûn kuramının oluşum ve işleyişiyle ilgili malumat verirken, İbn Hazm'ın ''halk-ı cedîd'' mefhumuyla Allah'ın sürekli yaratma fiiliyle objelerin dönüşüm unsuru ile vuku bulduğu söylemi hâkimdir. Nazzâm ile İbn Hazm'ın görüşleri, İslâm kelâmında yaratılışın sürekli oluşu ve anlamı üzerine önemli bakış açıları sunar. Aralarındaki farklılıklar açıkça görülürken, bu çalışma yaratılış felsefesine yeni ve özgün katkılar sağlamaktadır.Since ancient times, various studies have been conducted to understand and make sense of the creation and meaning of the universe, leading to several inferences. The theological-centered cosmological understanding, shaped by the science of Kalam, has been explored through different methodologies by various schools and individuals. This study aims to comparatively examine the approaches to creation proposed by Nazzām and Ibn Hazm. To better understand the theory of kümûn, which holds significant importance in Islamic Kalam, concepts such as 'renewal of examples' and 'new creation' have been explained. Nazzām's understanding of the universe posits that the initial creation occurred ex nihilo by God, and thereafter, beings appeared at the appointed time, in accordance with their respective natures. Ibn Hazm, on the other hand, concurs with Nazzām on the notion of initial creation but argues that creation is an ongoing process, occurring continuously through a process of transformation. In order to clarify the creation theories of both scholars, the concepts of body, accident, substance, and motion have been meticulously analyzed, and within this context, the historical and developmental trajectory of Kalamic theories of creation has been discussed. The materials consulted for this study were synthesized by combining classical Islamic literature and modern academic research within a methodological framework. The findings indicate that while Nazzām's theory of kümûn provides insight into the formation and functioning of the process, Ibn Hazm's concept of 'new creation' is dominant in his argument that God's continuous act of creation is realized through the transformation of objects. In conclusion, the views of both thinkers offer fundamental perspectives on the continuity and meaning of creation in Islamic Kalam, and distinct differences between these theories are highlighted. This study contributes a unique approach to the conceptual debates surrounding the philosophy of creation
The Epic of Sohrab Son of Rostam and Its Comparison With the Shahnameh
No full textBu tez, Abdî tarafından XVII. yüzyılda kaleme alındığı tahmin edilen Dâstân-ı Sührâb b. Rüstem adlı eseri konu edinmektedir. Eser, Şâhnâme'nin Rüstem ile Sührâb'ın mücadelesini anlatan bölümünün manzum-mensur tarzda yapılmış Türkçe bir tercümesidir. Çalışmada söz konusu tercüme çeviriyazıyla Latin harflerine aktarılmış, ardından Şâhnâme'nin ilgili kısmıyla muhteva ve tercüme yöntemi açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırma aracılığıyla, klasik döneme ait geleneksel bir tercümede izlenen çeviri stratejileri tespit edilerek günümüz araştırmacılarının istifadesine sunulmuştur. Tez çalışmasına esas teşkil eden nüsha, Fransa Millî Kütüphanesi'nde (Bibliothèque Nationale de France) Histoire de Suhrab, fils de Rustem başlığı altında Turc 906, 907 ve 908 numaralarıyla kayıtlıdır. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır: Giriş, Kaynak ve Hedef Metnin Mukayesesi, Metin. Giriş bölümünde Şâhnâme ve Türkçe tercümeleri hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiş, Dâstân-ı Sührâb b. Rüstem tanıtılmıştır. İkinci bölümde kaynak metinle karşılaştırmalı olarak tercümede görülen ekleme, eksiltme ve değişiklikler ile bunların muhtemel gerekçeleri üzerinde durulmuş; ayrıca deyimlerin, atasözlerinin ve karakter sıfatlarının aktarımı incelenmiştir. Son bölümde ise eser transkribe edilerek Latin harflerine aktarılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çeviri, Mukayese, Destân, Şâhnâme, Sührâb.This thesis focuses on Dâstân-ı Sührâb b. Rüstem, a work authored by Abdî. The text is a Turkish verse-prose translation of the episode in Shāhnāmeh that recounts the struggle between Rustam and Sohrab. In this study, the translation is transcribed into the Latin alphabet and compared with the corresponding part of Shāhnāmeh in terms of content and translation strategy. Through this comparison, the study aims to reveal the translation decisions of a traditional classical-era rendering, thereby providing valuable insights for contemporary researchers. The source manuscript for this study is preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France under the title Histoire de Suhrab, fils de Rustem, and catalogued with the numbers Turc 906, 907, and 908. The thesis is structured in three main sections: Introduction, Comparison of Source and Target Texts, and Text. The Introduction offers general information about Shāhnāmeh and its Turkish translations, along with an introduction to Dâstân-ı Sührâb b. Rüstem. The second section analyzes the additions, omissions, and alterations found in the translated text compared to the original, discusses possible reasons for these changes, and examines the translation of idioms, proverbs, and character epithets. In the final section, the text is transcribed and presented in Latin script. Key Words: Translation, Comparison, Epic, Shahnameh, Sohrab
Postharvest Management of Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum Using GRAS Potassium Salts
No full textOzer, Goksel/0000-0002-3385-2520;Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is an emerging fungal pathogen of increasing phytosanitary concern due to its wide host range, aggressive postharvest behavior, and expanding geographical distribution, yet comprehensive evaluations of safe, effective control measures such as potassium salts remain limited. This study investigated eight potassium salts-acetate, benzoate, bicarbonate, carbonate, citrate, metabisulfite, phosphate, and sorbate-compared to three commercial fungicides (imazalil, thiophanate-M, and tebuconazole + fluopyram) for their antifungal efficacy against N. dimidiatum in vitro (culture assays) and in vivo (postharvest apple fruit trials). In vitro assessments revealed potassium metabisulfite (EC50 = 4.4 x 10-5 g mL-1) and potassium sorbate (EC50 = 9.0 x 10-5 g mL-1) as the most effective salts, demonstrating antifungal activity comparable to commercial fungicides imazalil, tebuconazole + fluopyram, and thiophanate-M. These two potassium salts consistently inhibited mycelial growth, arthrospore germination, and germ tube elongation even at the lowest tested concentrations, while other potassium salts showed variable and generally lower efficacy. In vivo experiments on apple fruits further confirmed these findings, with potassium metabisulfite providing up to 92.48% lesion reduction in protective applications at 1.0 x 10-2 g mL-1, comparable to thiophanate-M (93.81%) and tebuconazole + fluopyram (98.47%). Notably, potassium metabisulfite outperformed imazalil, which only reached 61.36% protection at its highest concentration. In curative applications, potassium metabisulfite and phosphate achieved approximately 87% lesion reduction at 1.0 x 10-2 g mL-1, matching the performance of commercial fungicides at their recommended concentrations. Interestingly, low concentrations of potassium benzoate and carbonate increased lesion development in both protective and curative applications. These findings suggest potassium metabisulfite as a promising alternative to conventional fungicides for controlling N. dimidiatum infections, with potential applications in sustainable disease management strategies
Malposition in Central Venous Catheterization and the Use of Ultrasonography: Is the Presence of Turbulent Flow an Alternative to Chest Radiography
No full textAim: To evaluate the rate of malposition in central venous catheterization (CVC) procedures performed by expert physicians in our intensive care units using ultrasound (US). Additionally, we investigated whether the assessment of turbulent flow via USG could eliminate the need for chest radiography and whether USG could serve as a viable alternative to radiographic confirmation. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between June 2024 and January 2025 in the intensive care units of Mardin Training and Research Hospital. A total of 162 adult patients who underwent CVC placement were included. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) Conventional CVC placement (n = 53), (2) US-guided CVC placement (n = 51), and (3) US-guided CVC placement with turbulent flow assessment (n = 58). The presence of turbulent flow in the right atrium was evaluated using a rapid injection of saline. The malposition rate and complications were compared among groups. Results: The malposition rate was significantly lower in the US + Turbulent Flow Group (1.5%, n = 1/58) compared to the Conventional CVC Group (7.5%, n = 4/53) and the USG-Guided Group (4.3%, n = 2/51) (p = 0.022). Additionally, no complications were observed in the US-Guided and US + Turbulent Flow Groups, whereas the complication rate in the Conventional CVC Group was 6.67% (n = 4/53) (p = 0.010). Regression analysis showed that turbulent flow detection was significantly associated with correct catheter positioning (p = 0.018, Beta = 2.361). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that US, particularly with turbulent flow assessment, is a highly effective method for confirming CVC placement and may reduce the need for routine chest radiography. The use of US- guided techniques significantly lowers the malposition rate and enhances patient safety. Incorporating turbulent flow assessment into clinical protocols may improve the accuracy of catheter placement and minimize complications
Harnessing Polysaccharides for Sustainable Food Packaging
No full textThis review provides a comprehensive analysis of food packaging techniques, focusing on the limitations of conventional methods and the promising potential of polysaccharide-based materials as sustainable alternatives. Traditional packaging materials, such as plastics, glass, metal, and paper, pose significant environmental risks due to their non-biodegradable nature. In contrast, polysaccharide-based materials, derived from renewable sources, are biodegradable and offer enhanced food preservation properties. These materials boast several advantages, including biodegradability, renewability, and superior physical attributes such as excellent barrier properties and mechanical strength. The review also delves into transformation techniques aimed at improving the effectiveness of polysaccharide-based materials. These include physical and chemical modifications to optimize their performance. Furthermore, a detailed categorization of polysaccharides is provided based on their origin, encompassing animal-derived polysaccharides (chitin, chitosan), plant-derived polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, pectin, gum arabic, guar gum, tragacanth gum, locust bean gum), marine-derived polysaccharides (alginate, agar, carrageenan), and microbial-derived polysaccharides (pullulan, xanthan gum, dextran, bacterial cellulose). Additionally, we explore case studies highlighting the practical applications and performances of these materials in the food packaging industry.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)
Geç Antik Dönemden Günümüze Hah (Anitli) Köyü’nün Süryani Ortodoks Dini Yapıları ve Korunma Durumları
No full textBu çalışma,*** Mardin’in Midyat ilçesine bağlı Hah (Anıtlı) Köyü’nde bulunan Süryani dini yapılarının mimari özelliklerini, tarihsel gelişimlerini ve korunma süreçlerini incelemektedir. Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan Mor Sarkis ve Mor Bakos Manastırı, Mor Şmuel Kilisesi, Mor Sobo (Saba) Katedrali ve Meryem Ana Manastırı erken Hristiyan dönemine ait önemli yapılar olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu yapılar; yapım teknikleri, mimari detayları ve zaman içinde geçirdikleri değişimlerle birlikte, Süryani Ortodoks dini mimarisinin evrimi açısından önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Yapılan araştırma, bu yapıların mevcut durumlarını değerlendirerek, geçirdikleri restorasyon uygulamalarının yapısal bütünlüklerine ve tarihsel kimliklerine olan etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır. Yapılan analizler, yapıların korunmasına yönelik uluslararası restorasyon tüzük ve ilkelerine uygun müdahalelerin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, bölgenin kültürel ve tarihi dokusunu temsil eden bu dini yapılar, sadece yerel değil, aynı zamanda evrensel bir kültürel mirasın parçası olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Çalışmanın bulguları, bölgedeki diğer Süryani dini yapılarının korunması ve restorasyonu için referans niteliğinde olup, gelecekte yapılacak akademik/bilimsel çalışmalara ve koruma projelerine ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Mimari ve arkeolojik açıdan önemli veriler sunan Anıtlı Köyü’ndeki bu dini yapıların korunarak gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması kültürel mirasın sürdürülebilirliği açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır
In Silico Exploration of Plant Extracts as Ache Inhibitors: Insights From Molecular Dynamics and MM/GBSA Analysis for Alzheimer's Drug Development
No full textAlzheimer's disease is a long-term neurological disorder that affects memory and other cognitive abilities. Physostigmine is a drug still used in treating symptoms associated with this disease, with its primary mechanism of action being AChE inhibition. AChE plays a crucial role in cholinergic neurotransmission, and its inhibition has been linked to the improvement of symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, 34 phytochemicals detected through LC-MS/MS analysis of 13 plant species were investigated as potential alternative drug candidates to physostigmine. For this purpose, docking studies followed by molecular dynamics simulations and MM/GBSA energy calculations were performed. The results revealed that 24 out of 34 phytochemicals were either very close to physostigmine (MM/GBSA binding affinity: -26.102 kcal/mol) or better AChE inhibitors. Additionally, it was determined that physostigmine increased the flexibility of the molecule when bound to the AChE enzyme, a unique result compared to our drug candidates. Our research emphasizes the potential of plant-derived compounds as AChE inhibitors and presents promising candidates for future drug development studies. Furthermore, physostigmine's property of increasing enzyme flexibility offers a new perspective in drug design and indicates that the role of this feature in therapeutic efficacy needs to be examined in more detail
From Cave to Spiritual Enlightenment: Rumi's Yar-I Ghar Mazmun (Poetic Theme) and the Role of Shams
No full textThis article examines the use of the "y & amacr;r-i gh & amacr;r" mazmun in the works of Mevl & amacr;n & amacr; Jal & amacr;l al-Din R & umacr;mi and its relationship to Shams-i Tabrizi. The y & amacr;r-i gh & amacr;r, referring to the significant event of Hijra in Islamic history, is imbued with gnostic and spiritual metaphors, leading to its rich usage in literary texts. The research explores various applications of this motif, as well as the symbolic meanings and mystical value of the cave in Islamic culture. By examining the treatment of the y & amacr;r-i gh & amacr;r mazmun in Classical Persian literature, the study highlights the originality of R & umacr;mi's usage. The analysis of the motif in R & umacr;mi's works is structured around three main themes: spiritual awakening and guidance, symbol of divine love, and friendship and sacrifice. The study emphasizes the role of this motif in R & umacr;mi's portrayal of Shams-i Tabrizi as a spiritual guide, demonstrating its use in different contexts through examples from the Div & amacr;n-i Kabir and Mathnawi. The research proposes that the y & amacr;r-i gh & amacr;r mazmun plays a central role in R & umacr;mi's works and offers a new perspective on his friendship with Shams-i Tabrizi. By demonstrating that the y & amacr;r-i gh & amacr;r mazmun is a reflection of R & umacr;mi's Sufi thought and spiritual experiences, the study provides a deeper insight into R & umacr;mi's intellectual world and Sufi teachings. It also showcases his literary mastery and ability to express Sufi concepts in poetic language