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دور المرأة السورية زمن الاستعمار الفرنسي لسوريا 1918-1946
No full textBu araştırmayı, Fransız Mandası sırasında Suriyeli kadınların gerçek resminin net olmaması, Ayrıca Suriyeli kadınların siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel olarak Suriye toplumunda hayatın her alanında oynadıkları büyük rolün kasıtlı veya kasıtsız olarak zorla gizlenmesi nedeniyle seçmekteyim. Buna ek olarak, Suriyeli kadın konusunu çalışmada ele almak isteyecek kadar detaylı bir şekilde ele alan çalışmaların olmamasından kaynaklanmaktadırI have chosen this research because it clears the real picture of Syrian women during the French Mandate, and also because it is intended or unintentionally forcibly concealed the great role that Syrian women play in all aspects of life in Syrian society, politically, socially, economically and culturally. In addition, the Syrian women's perspective is overhauled from the field work, which covers it in enough detail to want to address it
Examining the Effect of Health Communication Problems on Healthcare System Distrust: a Cross-Sectional Study
No full textObjective: This study investigates the impact of communication problems between patients and healthcare professionals on distrust in the healthcare system, as inpatients perceive. Methods: The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study, and criterion sampling was used to select participants. The study sample comprised individuals aged 18-65 who had received treatment and care services in the inpatient units of a Training and Research Hospital in Türkiye at least once in the past year. Data were collected using the “Individual Identification Information Form,” the “Health Communication Problems Scale,” and the “Healthcare System Distrust Scale.” Results: Patients' perceptions of health communication problems were measured at an average level of X̅=2.59±0.71, while their perceptions of distrust towards the healthcare system averaged X̅=2.75±0.74. Additionally, health communication problems accounted for 19% of the variance in explaining distrust in the healthcare system (R=0.43; R2=0.19). Conclusion: The findings indicate that inpatients experienced relatively low communication problems with healthcare professionals and held moderate levels of distrust towards the healthcare system. The research concluded that health communication problems positively impact distrust in the healthcare system
Mythology and Mysticism: Jamshid and Jâm-i Jam in Mullah Jezer’s Dîvan
No full textAs in known, there is a very fundamental relationship between mythology, mythical elements and literature and their use in many literary texts of world literature. In this way, in Kurdish literature, as in all world literature, especially the classical ones, mythical personalities, figures and elements have been used with many representations and meanings and have given a skill to the art of the text. Some of those personalities, figures and elements remain more like literary representations and some of them take on deeper meanings beyond their literary guise, becoming philosophical-gnostic- mystical representations. As a mythical king, Jamshid and Cup of Jamshid (Jâm-i Jam) as a tool for the future are against this representation and occupy a wide place in various literary works. Like many poets of Persian literature such as Senaî, Attar, Rumi and Hafiz, Kurdish poets such Ahmad Khani, Mulah Jezeri, Nali and many others have mentioned Jamshid and his Cup in different meanings and representations. The Divan of Mullah Jezeri, which is one of the masterpieces of Kurdish literature, is one of the richest works in terms of combining literary-mythical and mystical elements, and Jamshid and his famous Cup have also taken their place in this work. The main aim of this study is to try to analyse the poems of Mullah Jezeri and see how he used these two figure/element in a literary-fictional-mystical context. So, first of all, we will focus on both the history of Jamshid and his Cup, as well as their place in the Islamic mystic view and explain the layers of these represntations
Antifungal Potential of Endophytic Bacteria from Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Against Fusarium culmorum and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Under Greenhouse Conditions
No full textThis study investigated the antifungal potential of endophytic bacteria (EB) isolated from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) against two phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium culmorum and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum under greenhouse conditions. Seventy EB isolates were obtained and subjected to phenotypic characterization and enzymatic activity profiling. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, five isolates were identified as Bacillus sp. (Lvt24, Lvt25, Lvt32, Lvt58 and Lvt62). Greenhouse experiments showed lavender plants treated with a mixture of Bacillus sp. isolates (Lvt24 + Lvt62) via root dipping and soil application grew better than other treatments and the control. Similarly, Bacillus sp. (Lvt25) application alone improved plant health and growth. Plants inoculated with N. dimidiatum had 81.07% disease incidence and 77.7% severity, while those inoculated with F. culmorum had 88.43% disease incidence and 81.6% severity, indicating a high level of infection. Inoculating with the pathogens and Lvt25 isolate reduced disease incidence and severity by 56.2 and 57.9% respectively, compared to control plants infected with N. dimidiatum, and by 57.7 and 57.8%, respectively, compared to control plants infected with F. culmorum. These findings indicate that Bacillus sp. Lvt25 isolate has a beneficial effect in reducing disease against these pathogens and has the potential to be a biological control agent.Mardin Artuklu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [MAU.BAP.22.FBE.018]This study was derived from the Master thesis and supported by Mardin Artuklu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with the number MAU.BAP.22.FBE.018
Evaluation of Serum Levels of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as Potential Biomarkers of Renal Tubular Damage in Brucellosis Patients
No full textIrmak, Halit/0000-0002-8184-9377; Cetik Yildiz, Songul/0000-0002-7855-5343Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic and multisystemic disease that is widespread worldwide and can present with many different clinical conditions, ranging from asymptomatic to serious and fatal conditions. Brucellosis may be linked to renal tubular and acute kidney damage, nephrotic syndrome, and various types of nephropathies. Objective: Our research was carried out prospectively to investigate the relationship between brucellosis and various biochemical markers and particularly to investigate the role of renal tubular damage biomarkers. Methods: Demographic and biochemical data from 60 controls and 60 brucellosis patients were included in the study. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were analyzed by. The diagnostic accuracy of KIM-1 and NGAL for brucellosis was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: According to our findings, significant differences of KIM-1 and NGAL were observed between brucellosis and healthy patients. A high AUC (area under the curve) value of 0.742 (95% CI: 0.616-0.868) and 0.835 (95% CI: 0.729-0.941) was observed for KIM-1 and NGAL, respectively. Conclusion: Serum levels of KIM-1 and NGAL, which are renal tubular damage markers, where higher in Brucellosis than in healthy patients. These biomarkers can contribute to the rapid and accurate diagnosis of brucellosis regarding the involvement of nephropathies and to the standardization of comprehensive diagnostic warning indicators
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescent Girls Retrospective Study
No full textBackground: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common reason for gynecology-related hospital admissions in adolescence. Objectives: The present single-center study aimed to evaluate the diagnosis distribution in adolescents with AUB and to compare the clinical features and treatments of patients with hemoglobin levels below and above 10 g/dL. Methods: The present single-center study retrospectively collected demographic and epidemiological data from adolescents aged 10 - 18 years presenting to our institution with a diagnosis of AUB. Patient data were extracted from electronic medical records and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation (SD), median, and interquartile range (IQR), were calculated. Patients were classified according to hemoglobin levels (= 10 g/dL as group 2). Results: Among 167 adolescent patients, 35.9% had hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dL. Hospitalization rates were significantly higher in group 1 (86.4%) compared to group 2 (2.8%) (P < 0.001). The most common causes of AUB were anovulation (84.4%) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (11.4%). The primary treatments included combined oral contraceptives (COCs) with iron supplementation (45.5%) and iron alone (28.7%). Erythrocyte transfusion (ERT) was performed in 18% of cases, predominantly in group 1. This study is limited by the lack of a standardized quality of life assessment tool for AUB. The single-center design and retrospective data collection may limit the generalizability of the findings and introduce selection bias, respectively. Conclusions: Anovulation and PCOS are the main causes of AUB in adolescents. Patients with hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dL and active bleeding should be evaluated carefully, as ERT may be necessary. A wide differential diagnosis should always be considered when managing adolescent AUB
Hydrogen Evolution and Corrosion Behaviors of Cu/Co-pt as an Effective Electrocatalyst
No full textIt is difficult to manufacture a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst with high corrosion resistance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. In this study, a Cu/Co-Pt electrocatalyst with high characteristic hydrogen evolution, stability, and high corrosion resistance is designed. Copper was first coated with a thin film of cobalt (Cu/Co) then this surface is modified with trace amounts of platinum nanoparticles (Cu/Co-Pt). Cu/Co-Pt displays very high exchange current density (8.03 mA cm-2) when compared to literature. Hydrogen adsorption onset potential (Eonset) and charge transfer resistance (Rct) are found to be 1.03 V and 0.34 Ω cm2 at -1.35 V, respectively. Cu/Co-Pt also shows very stable catalytic performance with chronoamperometry (CA) and cyclic tests. In addition to HER performance of Cu/Co-Pt, semi logarithmic anodic current-potential curves and EIS are used to determine the corrosion behavior of Cu/Co-Pt. This electrocatalyst has very high polarization resistance (Rp) values over time in a strong alkaline environment. This high protection may due to the passive layer resulting from platinum nanoparticles formed on the surface. This study contains valuable information on the preparation of electrocatalysts in a facile method that are highly efficient, stable and resistant to strong alkaline environments for commercial applications
Kürtçe Öğretiminde Pedagojik Yaklaşımlar: Geleneksel Yaklaşımlara Karşı Modern Yaklaşımlar
No full textBu makaledeki amaç Kürtçe konuşulan bölgeler de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli bağlamlarda Kürtçe öğretiminin içerdiği karmaşıklıkları ve farklı stratejileri incelemektir. Lehçe çeşitliliği açısından zengin olan Kürt dili, önemli bir kültürel ve tarihi öneme sahip olmakla birlikte, özellikle Türkiye ve İran'daki siyasi kısıtlamalar nedeniyle eğitimde zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadır. Buna karşılık, Irak Kürdistanı gibi bölgeler Kürtçenin örgün eğitim yoluyla yaygınlaştırılması konusunda ilerleme kaydetmiştir. Makale, temel okuryazarlık becerilerinin geliştirilmesinde etkili olan ancak pratik iletişime odaklanmayan dilbilgisi-çeviri yöntemi (GTM) gibi geleneksel yöntemlere odaklanmaktadır. İletişimsel Dil Öğretimi (CLT) ve Görev Temelli Öğrenme (TBL) gibi modern yaklaşımlar, etkileşimli ve sürükleyici öğrenme deneyimlerini vurgulayan, özellikle de öğrencilerin genellikle yazılı yeterliliğin ötesinde katılıma ihtiyaç duydukları diaspora ortamlarında değerli olan umut verici alternatifler olarak tartışılmaktadır. Ancak bu yöntemler, eğitimli öğretmen eksikliği ve çeşitli Kürtçe lehçelerinde standartlaştırılmış öğretim materyallerinin eksikliği gibi zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır. Çalışmada, Kürtçe öğretimi için hazırlanan kitap gibi materyallerin modern yöntemlerden ziyade ağırlıklı olarak GTM ya da diğer geleneksel yöntemlerin etkisi altında hazırlandığı görülmüştür. Oysa iletişim becerilerini daha üst düzeyde kazandıran modern yöntemler, öğrencilerin bu becerileri daha etkin bir şekilde kullanabilmelerini sağlamaktadır. Bu tür sorunları ele almak için çözümler vurgulanmaktadır
Hızır ve Hak Kavramları Bağlamında Kürt Alevi Toplumunun Halk Anlatılarında Dini Motifler
No full textHalk anlatıları, doğaları gereği toplumlar içinde ve toplumsal katmanlar arasında sürekli dolaşım halindedir ve bu dolaşım sürecinde coğrafya, kültür, dil ve din gibi unsurların etkisi altında yeniden biçimlenirler. Bu etkenler, toplulukların kimlik oluşumunda da belirleyici rol oynar. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki önemli etno-dinsel topluluklardan biri olan Kürt Alevilerin halk anlatılarında dini motiflerin yerini ve işlevini incelemektedir. Araştırma, Tunceli ve Maraş-Elbistan bölgelerinde yapılan saha çalışmaları ve derleme verileri temelinde gerçekleştirilmiş, özellikle Hızır ve Hak kavramları ekseninde yoğunlaşmıştır. Bulgular, bu kavramların yalnızca dini içerikli figürler olmadığını, aynı zamanda Kürt Alevi kimliğini oluşturan ve güçlendiren semboller olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Hızır figürü, hem kutsal gün ve ritüellerde hem de masal ve efsanelerde güçlü bir şekilde yer almakta; Hak kavramı ise tanrı tasavvurunu yansıtan ve inançla kimliği birleştiren bir unsur olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Çalışma, halk anlatılarının etno-dinsel kimliğin aktarımında sadece kültürel değil, aynı zamanda inançsal bir araç olarak işlev gördüğünü göstermektedir. Kürt Alevi toplumu, halk anlatılarını kimlik inşası, toplumsal dayanışma ve kültürel süreklilik açısından anlamlı bir platform olarak değerlendirmektedir
Women in the Journal of Servet-i Fünûn (1896-1901)
No full textBatılılaşma dönemi Türk edebiyatında yönlendirici bir role sahip olan Servet-i Fünûn, sadece edebiyat alanında faaliyet göstermekle kalmaz, toplumsal değerler, modernleşme süreci gibi temalar ekseninde ideolojik tartışmalara da bünyesinde yer verir. Bu tez çalışması, Servet-i Fünûn'un 1896-1901 yılları arasında yayımlanan sayılarında yer alan 'kadın' temalı metinleri incelemeyi amaçlar. Bu doğrultuda ise çalışmanın temel hedefi, söz konusu metinler çerçevesinde, Osmanlı'nın son dönemlerinde kadının kamusal alanda görünürlük kazanma çabalarını, kendisine çizilen sınırlarını ve bu süreçteki çelişkili modernleşme dinamiklerini açığa çıkarmaktır. Tez çalışması kapsamında dergide yayımlanan öğretici ve edebî metinler, tematik, söylemsel ve içerik odaklı bir yöntemle incelenmiştir. Öğretici metinlerde eğitim, kadın sağlığı, annelik, evlilik, toplumsal roller gibi temalara odaklanılarak kadının toplum içindeki konumunu ve işlevini şekillendiren didaktik söylemler ortaya konulmuştur. Bu metinlerde kadının, bireysel haklarının yanında aile ve toplumdaki düzeni güçlendiren bir araç olarak konumlandırıldığı görülmüştür. Şiir ve mensur şiirlere bakıldığında ise kadının aşk, özlem, hassasiyet, yalnızlık, güzellik gibi temalar ekseninde estetize edildiği ancak pasif bir nesne olarak sunulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çoğunlukla erkek sanatçıların eserlerinde sınırlı kalan kadın teması, Nigâr Hanım'ın şiirlerinde önemli kırılmalar yaratmıştır. Edebî metinlerin yanı sıra tablo altı şiirlere ve görsel malzemelere bakılarak Batı etkisiyle biçimlenmeye başlayan moda anlayışına ve estetik değerlerin kadın bedeni üzerinden temsiline dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu bağlamda kadın bedeni, bir taraftan modernleşme ideallerinin aracı iken diğer taraftan denetlenen ve yönlendirilen bir görünürlüğü temsil etmiştir. Romanlarda ise kadın karakterlerin modernlik ve gelenek arasında sıkıştığı, görünür olma çabalarına rağmen geri planda kaldıkları görülmüştür. Bu tez çalışmasının sonuçları ise Servet-i Fünûn'da kadının temsili ile Osmanlı modernleşmesi arasındaki ikircikli ilişkiyi göstermiştir. Kadın, bir yandan yüceltilip görünür kılınırken bir yandan da toplumsal denetim mekanizmaları tarafından sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu noktada Nigâr Hanım, kadının temsilinde kırılmalar yaratmış ve kadın kimliğinin edebiyat içinde özneleşebildiğine dair önemli ipuçları sunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Servet-i Fünûn'un bir edebiyat dergisi olmanın çok ötesinde, kadının toplumsal görünürlüğünü ve Osmanlı modernleşmesindeki çelişkili yapıyı yansıtan çok yönlü bir platform olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, kadın temsiline dair tespitler ve yorumlar aracılığıyla kadın temasına dair tespit ve yorumlar aracılığıyla Osmanlı toplumunda kadının konumunu anlamaya katkı sunmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Servet-i Fünûn, kadın, Batılılaşma, edebiyat.Servet-i Fünûn, which played a guiding role in Turkish literature during the Westernization period, was not limited to literary activities alone; it also encompassed ideological discussions on themes such as social values and the process of modernization. This thesis aims to examine the 'woman'-themed texts published in Servet-i Fünûn between 1896 and 1901. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study is to reveal the efforts of women to gain visibility in the public sphere during the late Ottoman period, the boundaries imposed upon them, and the contradictory dynamics of modernization reflected in these texts. Within the scope of this thesis, both instructive and literary texts published in the magazine were analyzed using a thematic, discursive, and content-focused methodology. In the instructive texts, themes such as education, women's health, motherhood, marriage, and social roles were examined, revealing didactic discourses that shaped women's social positions and functions. These texts demonstrate that women were positioned not only in terms of their individual rights but also as instruments for reinforcing the order within family and society. In literary works, including poems and prose poems, women are aestheticized through themes of love, longing, sensitivity, loneliness, and beauty, yet are often presented as passive objects. While the portrayal of women in works by male authors remained largely limited, Nigâr Hanım's poetry introduced significant ruptures in this representation. In addition to literary texts, an analysis of captions under paintings and visual materials highlights the influence of Western aesthetics and fashion trends, illustrating how women's bodies were represented as instruments of modern ideals while simultaneously embodying a controlled and directed visibility. In novels, female characters often find themselves caught between modernity and tradition, remaining largely passive despite their efforts to assert visibility. The findings of this thesis reveal the ambivalent relationship between the representation of women in Servet-i Fünûn and Ottoman modernization. Women were simultaneously elevated and made visible while being constrained by social control mechanisms. In this context, Nigâr Hanım's works created ruptures in the prevailing representations, providing crucial indications that women could assert themselves as subjects within literature. In conclusion, Servet-i Fünûn emerges as a multifaceted platform that goes beyond being merely a literary magazine, reflecting both women's social visibility and the contradictory nature of Ottoman modernization. This study contributes to understanding the position of women in Ottoman society through its findings and interpretations on the representation of women, offering valuable insights into the complex dynamics of gender and modernity during the period. Keywords: Servet-i Fünûn, woman, Westernization, literature