Atılım Academic Archive (Atılım University)
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Comparative Simulation of PI and Fuzzy Control for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit
No full textThe fluid catalytic cracking unit converts heavy feedstocks into more valuable gasoline and oil products, representing an essential component in refineries. The variables, including gas oil supply temperature (Tf), gas oil supply flow rate (Ff), and air temperature (Ta), are controlled and manipulated by this unit, which poses a significant challenge due to its complex interactions. To address these complexities, this study investigates the control of riser and regenerator temperatures (TR, TG) in an industrial Universal Oil Products (UOP) fluid catalytic cracking unit using proportional-integral and fuzzy logic controllers. The fuzzy logic controller, with five fuzzy sets generating 25 rules, is implemented through MATLAB simulation. The simulation program is formulated based on the principles of mass and energy balance of the unit. The performance of the controllers, including PI and fuzzy logic controllers, is evaluated and compared by introducing disturbances in the gas oil supply temperature, gas oil supply flow rate, and air temperature. The results show that the fuzzy logic controller outperforms the PI controller, exhibiting a lower integral absolute error. Compared to the PI controller, the fuzzy logic controller demonstrates improved performance, characterized by stable responses and shorter settling times. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller in achieving better control performance for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCU).Science Citation Index Expande
The Effect of Dynapenia on Posture, Spinal Mobility, Muscle Strength and Endurance in Young Adults
No full textMevcut çalışmanın amacı, genç erişkin bireylerde dinapeni varlığının postür, spinal mobilite, kas kuvvet ve enduransı üzerine olan etkisini değerlendirmektir. Mevcut çalışma kesitsel-gözlemsel, iki kollu bir çalışma olarak planlandı ve clinical.gov adresine [NCT06621875] numarası ile kaydedildi. Çalışmaya, yaşları 21.46 ± 2.22 olan toplam 52 birey (26 dinapenik, 26 kontrol) dahil edildi. Dinapeni tanısı, EWGSOP2 kriterlerine göre tanımlandı; katılımcıların kas kuvveti el kavrama kuvveti ölçümü ile Jamar el dinamometresi ile, fiziksel performans 4 m yürüme testi ve otur-kalk testi ile ve kas kütlesi Biyoimpedans Analizi ile değerlendirildi. Kas kütlesinde azalma olmaksızın kavrama kuvveti ve/veya fiziksel performansta azalması olan bireyler dinapenik olarak ele alındı. Katılımcıların antropometrik ölçümleri (kol ve baldır çevresi) mezura ile, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi IPAQ-kısa form ile, beslenme durumu Evrensel malnütrisyon tarama aracı ile, bilgisayar kullanımı günlük kullanma süresi x yıl olarak değerlendirildi. Lumbal spinal mobilite fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon yönünde Modifiye Schober Testi ve fleksiyon ve lateral fleksiyonlar parmak-zemin mesafesi ile; kas enduransı ise McGill Protokolü (gövde fleksiyonu, yüzüstü köprü, lateral köprü, Biering-Sorensen testi) ile ölçüldü. Postüral açılar (kraniyovertebral açı, baş açısı ve omuz açısı) MB Ruler yazılımı kullanılarak fotogrametrik postür analizi ile, derin servikal fleksör, lumbal ekstansör ve transversus abdominis kas kuvveti stabilizer biofeedback cihazı kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Gruplar arası karşılaştırma verilerin parametrik dağılımına bağlı olarak bağımsız örneklem T testi veya Mann Whitney-U testi ile analiz edildi. Mevcut çalışmada örneklem grubundaki dinapeni prevelansı %50 idi. Dinapeni grubunda kontrol grubuna göre bilgisayar kullanımı anlamlı derecede artmış (p 0.05). Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, gruplar arası karşılaştırmada, dinapenik olan grupta spinal mobiliteden bağımsız olarak (p> 0.05) kas kuvveti, endurans, postüral açı parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bozulmalar saptandı (p 0.05). According to the findings, although spinal mobility did not significantly differ between the groups (p > 0.05), the dynapenic group showed statistically significant impairments in muscle strength, endurance, and postural angle parameters (p < 0.001). This study revealed that dynapenia in young adults negatively affects not only muscle strength and endurance but also postural alignment, independently of spinal mobility. Increased computer usage and decreased physical activity levels among dynapenic individuals were notable, suggesting a possible association between dynapenia and modern sedentary lifestyles. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining muscle function even in young individuals to preserve posture and functional capacity and emphasize the need for early awareness and intervention strategies targeting dynapenia. Keywords: grip strength, muscle weakness, posture, range of motion, young adult
Marriage as Confinement in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway and D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover
No full textBu tez, Birinci Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra 20. yüzyıl İngiltere'sinde var olan sınıf ve toplumsal cinsiyet sorunlarını feminist eleştiri ışığında Virginia Woolf'un Mrs. Dalloway ve D. H. Lawrence'ın Lady Chatterley's Lover adlı eserlerinde inceleyecektir. 20. yüzyıl İngiltere'sinde kadın kurtuluş hareketlerinin daha görünür olması ve kadınların oy kullanma hakkının yaygınlaşmasıyla beraber, kadınların kamu alanlarına, siyasi işlere ve işgücüne katılımları ivme kazanmıştır. Buna rağmen, Viktorya döneminin izlerini taşıyan 20. yüzyıl İngiliz toplumunun kültürel yapısında, kadının evlilikteki ve toplumdaki yeri hala geleneksel bir bakış açısıyla sınırlıdır. Bu tezde, Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası birey ile toplum arasındaki çatışmayı anlatan Mrs. Dalloway (1925) ve Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928) adlı romanlar, kadın, evlilik ve toplum çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır. İki farklı roman ve bu romanların kadın karakterleri üzerinden dönemin toplumsal norm ve kuralları göz önünde bulundurularak feminist kuramcıların düşünceleri ışığında evlilik kadın açısından kısıtlanmaya sebebiyet veren bir kurum olarak analiz edilecektir. Bu bağlamda, incelenen iki romanda da kadın karakterler eğitimli ve toplumda statü sahibi olmalarına rağmen evliliklerindeki baskılardan kurtulamamışlardır. Bu tez aracılığıyla bahsi geçen romanlardaki sınıf, kadın ve evlilik temelli konulara feminist bir bakış açısıyla yaklaşılması amaçlanmaktadır.This thesis will examine the class and gender issues that existed in 20th-century England after the First World War in the light of feminist criticism in Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf and Lady Chatterley's Lover by D. H. Lawrence. With the increasing visibility of women's liberation movements and the spread of women's right to vote in 20th-century England, women's participation in public spheres, political affairs, and the workforce has gained momentum. Despite this, in the cultural structure of the 20th-century British society, which bears the traces of the Victorian era, the place of women in marriage and society is still restricted by a traditional perspective. In this thesis, the novels Mrs. Dalloway (1925) and Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), which portray the conflict between the individual and society after the First World War, will be examined within the framework of women, marriage, and society. Marriage will be analyzed as an institution that causes confinement for women in the light of the ideas of feminist theorists, considering the social norms and rules of the period through two different novels and their female characters. In this context, in both novels examined, although the female characters are educated and have status in society, they cannot escape the pressures in their marriages. This thesis aims to approach the issues of class, women, and marriage in the novels from a feminist perspective
A Novel Injectable Nanotherapeutic Platform Increasing the Bioavailability and Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Arachidonylcyclopropylamide on an Ectopic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Xenograft Model: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Get PDFRapid progressing non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC) decreases treatment success. Cannabinoids emerge as drug candidates for NSCLC due to their anti-tumoral capabilities. We previously reported the controlled release of Arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA) selectively targeting cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor in NSCLC cells in vitro. Hydrophobic polymers like polycaprolactone (PCL) offer prolonged circulation time and slower drug clearance which is suitable for hydrophobic molecules like ACPA. Thus, the extended circulation time with enhanced bioavailability and half-life of nanoparticular ACPA is crucial for its therapeutic performance in the tumor area. We assumed that a novel high technology-controlled release system increasing the bioavailability of ACPA compared to free ACPA could be transferred to the clinic when validated in vivo. Plasma profile of ACPA and ACPA-loaded PCL-based nanomedicine by LC-MS/MS and complete blood count (CBC) was assessed in wild-type Balb/c mice. Tumor growth in nanomedicine-applied NSCLC-induced athymic nude mice was assessed using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and caliper measurements, histomorphometry,immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, and Western blot on days 7-21. Injectable NanoACPA increased its systemic exposure to tissues 5.5 times and maximum plasma concentration 6 times higher than free ACPA by substantially improving bioavailability. The potent effect of NanoACPA lasted for at least two days on ectopic NSCLC model through Akt/PI3K, Ras/MEK/Erk, and JNK pathways that diminished Ki-67 proliferative and promoted TUNEL apoptotic cell scores on days 7-21. The output reveals that NanoACPA platform could be a chemotherapeutic for NSCLC in the clinic following scale-up GLP/GMP-based phase trials, owing to therapeutic efficacy at a safe low dose window.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [321S058, 122S459]; Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [THD-2023-20676, TSA-2023-20427]This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Grants #321S058, partially #122S459) and Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (#THD-2023-20676, partially #TSA-2023-20427) . We kindly acknowledge Beliz Taskonak for her contribution to sectioning for histomorphometric analysis, Dr. Elif Karakoc for sharing her knowledge and experience in assessing antitumoral efficacy of ACPA and Prof. Dr. Zeynep Safak Teksin for making the pharmaceutical analysis system available for use.Science Citation Index Expande
Polyethyleneimine Functionalized Waste Tissue Paper@waste PET Composite for the Effective Adsorption and Filtration of Organic Dyes From Wastewater
No full textDevrim, Yilser/0000-0001-8430-0702This study explores the potential of repurposing discarded plastic bottles and cellulosic paper waste to develop cost-effective and high-performance composites for dye removal applications. A novel composite, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized waste tissue integrated into waste polyethylene terephthalate (wPET) (PEIWT/wPET), was designed as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for wastewater treatment. Successful surface functionalization with PEI was confirmed through FTIR, EDX, and XPS analyses. The PEI-modified composite exhibited enhanced mechanical and thermal stability while demonstrating significantly improved dye adsorption/filtration performance. The composite was evaluated for the removal of both cationic (crystal violet, CV) and anionic (orange II, O II) dyes under optimized conditions; (10,000 mg/L and 1666 mg/L) adsorbent dosage, (11 and 1) pH, 10 mg/L initial dye concentration, and (180 min and 120 min) contact time for CV and O II respectively. Experimental results showed that PEIWT/wPET achieved maximum adsorption capacities of 3.94 mg/g for CV and 11.73 mg/g for O II, approximately five times higher than the unmodified composite (0.74 and 2.4 mg/g). Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies indicated that the data aligned well with the Langmuir as well as Freundlich and pseudo-second order models. The membrane also exhibited filtration capability for both dyes, achieving a filtration efficiency of 78.69 % for anionic and 41.31 % for cationic dye separation. Overall, the PEIWT/wPET composite offers a promising, sustainable, and energy-efficient solution for the removal of organic pollutants.National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Education [RS-2020-NR049576]; Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Republic of Korea [RS-2023-00257171]This research work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2020-NR049576) and by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (RS-2023-00257171) , Republic of Korea.Science Citation Index Expande
Classifying the Who European Countries by Noncommunicable Diseases and Risk Factors
No full textBulut, TevfikBackground: In the twenty-first century, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a major obstacle to global development and the accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goals set forth by the United Nations. The WHO (World Health Organization) European Region lacks comprehensive understanding of NCD risk factors, the NCDs they trigger, and the more disadvantaged countries. Objective: This study aims to classify the countries in the European Region at the country level based on NCDs and their key risk factors. Methods: The Ward method, a hierarchical clustering technique based on Manhattan and Euclidean distance measures, was used. The study's dataset comes from the WHO's publicly available NCDs and key risk factors dataset. Results: The European region's countries have been categorized into two clusters based on key NCD risk factors. The second cluster consists of countries with high income levels. On the other hand, in the European Region, countries fall into three clusters based on NCDs. Countries in the third cluster, which consists of low- and upper- middle-income countries, have lower average values in four variables compared to other countries, resulting in lower overall disease prevalence. Counclusions: The prevalence of NCDs varies among clusters, with high-income countries having lower disease prevalence, particularly in diabetes and hypertension. Addressing risk factors and improving healthcare access and infrastructure are crucial in reducing the burden of NCDs in the European region.Science Citation Index Expanded - Social Science Citation Inde
Isometric Representations of Calibrated Ordered Spaces on C(X)
No full textThe problem of characterizing normed ordered spaces which admit a representation in the algebraic, order and norm sense as a subspace of , the space of all continuous functions on a compact Hausdorff space is a classical problem that has been considered by many authors. In this article we consider the more general case of calibrated ordered spaces, that is, ordered spaces with a specified family of seminorms generating its topology. For such spaces equivalent conditions on representability as a subspace of for some locally compact Hausdorff space , in the algebraic, order and seminorm sense are stated and proved. Some characterizations appear to be new even in the normed case. A recent result on isometric representations of locally ordered spaces fall under the results in this paper with more general statements. As an application of the main theorems, we state and prove a characterization of norm additivity property of two positive functionals
Exosomes as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future Directions
Get PDFNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS rank among the most challenging global health issues, marked by substantial obstacles in early diagnosis and effective treatment. Current diagnostic techniques frequently demonstrate inadequate sensitivity and specificity, whilst conventional treatment strategies encounter challenges related to restricted bioavailability and insufficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Recently, exosomes-nanoscale vesicles packed with proteins, RNAs, and lipids-have emerged as promising agents with the potential to reshape diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these diseases. Unlike conventional drug carriers, they naturally traverse the BBB and can deliver bioactive molecules to affected neural cells. Their molecular cargo can influence cell signaling, reduce neuroinflammation, and potentially slow neurodegenerative progression. Moreover, exosomes serve as non-invasive biomarkers, enabling early and precise diagnosis while allowing real-time disease monitoring. Additionally, engineered exosomes, loaded with therapeutic molecules, enhance this capability by targeting diseased neurons and overcoming conventional treatment barriers. By offering enhanced specificity, reduced immunogenicity, and an ability to bypass physiological limitations, exosome-based strategies present a transformative advantage over existing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review examines the multifaceted role of exosomes in NDDs, emphasizing their diagnostic capabilities, intrinsic therapeutic functions, and transformative potential as advanced treatment vehicles.Scientific and Technological Research Council.Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council.Science Citation Index Expande
Going Green: Adoption of Green Supply Chain Management Practices for Sustainable Development
No full textOrganizations are assessed for both their economic and sustainable development when it comes to their sustainable performance more so in the dynamic global supply chain management. There has been growing concern over the sustainability of the planet and corporate stakeholders are becoming more aware of the rising environmental concerns. A key strategy for global organizations in supply chain management for environmental awareness is the implementation of a green supply chain (GSC). Going green and the complete adoption of Green Supply chain is the pathway to global environmental solutions and a contributor to the achievement of sustainable development goals. This paper seeks to assess the impact of implementing GSC management practices on sustainable development. The study will reply on secondary data from available literature on the theme of green supply chain management and sustainable development. Data will be analysed using both quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. © 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved
Analyzing Space Efficiency in Japanese Tall Buildings
No full textSpace efficiency in Japanese tall buildings holds substantial significance, shaped by financial, societal, and environmental imperatives. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies addressing spatial efficiency in such towers remain scarce. To bridge this gap, this article undertakes a quantitative spatial analysis of 40 Japanese tall buildings through BIM/CAD-based floor plan evaluations and comparison of net-to-gross and core-to-GFA efficiency ratios. Key findings include: (1) mixed-use and office typologies, central cores, and prismatic massing dominate contemporary Japanese high-rise design; (2) composite structures with shear-walled frame systems are prevalent; and (3) the average net-to-gross ratio is 75%, with core areas occupying 23% of total GFA. The efficiency metrics range from 64% to 85% for net-to-gross ratios, and from 13% to 34% for core-to-GFA ratios. This research offers practical insights for stakeholders - especially architects and planners - to support more efficient and sustainable high-rise design strategies in Japan.Science Citation Index Expanded - Arts & Humanities Citation Inde