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Meningitis Epidemic Model Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks: a Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation Neural Network Approach
No full textMotivation The current study provides the numerical results of a mathematical Neisseria meningitis system, the bacterium accountable for producing meningitis by engaging the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation neural network. The meningitis dynamics inside the population are categorized into five different groups: susceptible ( S ), vaccinated ( V ), carrier ( C ), infectious ( I ), and recovered ( R ). Method A reference dataset is produced by relating the numerical Runge-Kutta scheme for the meningitis system. The reference dataset assists as an essential reserve for the training, validation, and testing segments of the proposed process across three dissimilar variations. Results The numerical results gotten from the approach are thoroughly associated with those resultant from the Runge-Kutta method to measure the correctness, accuracy, and competence of the designed practice. To confirm authentication of the designed methodology, it is employed numerous assessment actions, e.g., the error histogram, mean square error, regression, and fitness designs. © 2026 The Authors
Resolution of Complete LBBB and Left Ventricular Recovery Following PCI
No full textBackground: Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is generally considered irreversible and is associated with increased heart failure progression and mortality, particularly if associated with coronary diseases. Case Summary: An 81-year-old woman with prior coronary artery bypass graft and coronary stents presented with exertional angina, LBBB (QRS 148 ms), and ejection fraction (EF) 35%. Coronary angiography revealed left anterior descending stenosis and left circumflex artery restenosis. Following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; left anterior descending artery [LAD] stenting, left circumflex artery percutaneous coronary angioplasty), QRS decreased to 118 ms, and EF improved to 40% by 1 month. By 6 months, LBBB resolved, QRS normalized (88 ms), and EF recovered to 60%, sustained at 12 months (QRS 84 ms, EF 60%). Discussion: While LBBB is considered irreversible, the REVIVED-BCIS2 trial questions PCI benefits in severe ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. This case contrasts, showing complete LBBB resolution and left ventricular recovery post-LAD PCI, highlighting a rare instance of reversible ischemia-related conduction disease. Novelty: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported experience of complete LBBB resolution with full EF recovery after LAD PCI. Take-Home Message: Careful evaluation is needed to identify patients in whom ischemia-related conduction disease and left ventricular dysfunction may be reversible. © 2026 The Author
Cryotherapy and Muscle Function in Immediate Return-to Scenarios
No full textBalkisli, Berna Cagla/0000-0002-2559-9756;Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold spray and cold pack applications on the biomechanical properties, muscle strength, and activity of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Methods Fifty-three male participants aged 18 to 25 were included in this randomised controlled study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: cold spray (n=27) and cold pack (n=26). The cold spray group received a 10-second application to the quadriceps, whereas the cold pack group received a 5-minute application. Measurements included skin surface temperature, muscle mechanical properties (MyotonPRO), isometric muscle strength (Lafayette dynamometer), and muscle activity (surface EMG). These measurements were conducted at three time points: before the intervention (baseline), immediately after the application, and five minutes post-application. Results Participant characteristics were similar between groups (p>0.05). Both groups showed time-dependent changes in muscle properties. Myoton-F, -S, and -D increased following the application, while Myoton-R decreased. Strength increased only in the cold spray group (p<0.05). The mean EMG workload was higher at baseline in the cold spray group (p<0.05), but no time-related change was observed in either group. EMG onset time decreased over time in the cold pack group (p<0.05). Skin temperature dropped significantly in both groups after the application (p<0.05), with a greater and more prolonged effect in the cold spray group (p<0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that both cold spray and cold pack can induce short-term changes in quadriceps muscle function by altering the muscle's mechanical properties. Cold spray appears to improve muscle strength, while cold pack may influence the timing of muscle activation
Elective Cesarean Preserves Maternal-Fetal Redox Homeostasis, Whereas Emergency Cesarean Disrupts It: A Prospective Observational Study Delivery Mode and Oxidative Stress
No full textKirimli Yanik, Elif Ceren Nur/0009-0005-6636-0097Introduction: Oxidative stress is a key component of maternal-fetal physiology and varies with the mode of delivery. Labor induces hypoxia-reoxygenation cycles that elevate reactive oxygen species, whereas elective cesarean section (CS) occurs in a controlled metabolic environment. Emergency CS combines labor-related hypoxia with acute surgical stress. Comprehensive comparisons of maternal and cord oxidative profiles across all delivery modes remain limited. Methods: This prospective observational study included 126 term singleton pregnancies categorized as elective CS (n = 46), emergency CS (n = 39), or vaginal delivery (n = 41). Maternal blood was collected immediately before delivery and cord blood after birth. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity were measured using automated RelAssay methods; OSI was calculated as (TOS/TAS)x100. Neonatal outcomes included Apgar scores and NICU admission. Group comparisons used ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests, with ANCOVA adjusting for gestational age, maternal weight, diabetes, hypothyroidism, preeclampsia, and ASA use. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable. Emergency CS had lower Apgar-1 scores and higher NICU admission. Maternal OSI (p = 0.002) and PON-1 (p = 0.004) differed significantly, with elective CS showing the most favorable profile. Cord TOS (p < 0.001), OSI (p < 0.001), and PON-1 (p = 0.001) were also highest in emergency CS. Delivery mode independently predicted maternal OSI and PON-1, and cord TOS, OSI, and PON-1 (all p < 0.01). Discussion: The pronounced oxidative shifts observed in emergency CS likely reflect the cumulative impact of prolonged labor, fetal distress, and abrupt surgical intervention. Elective CS, by avoiding labor-induced hypoxia and metabolic exhaustion, preserves a more balanced maternal-fetal redox environment. The parallel maternal and cord responses underscore the sensitivity of the fetoplacental unit to intrapartum oxidative changes. These findings clarify mechanistic differences between delivery modes and highlight redox status as a potential peripartum biomarker. Conclusion: Elective CS preserves maternal-fetal redox homeostasis, whereas emergency CS results in significant oxidative disruption and poorer neonatal adaptation. These findings support the potential use of oxidative stress markers as adjunct indicators of acute intrapartum stress when interpreted alongside established clinical parameters
Hydrogen Solubility and Transport Mechanisms in Metal Membranes for Hydrogen Separation and Storage Applications – Advances and Trends
No full textThe global energy market is increasingly focusing on renewable and low-carbon hydrogen energy due to environmental concerns like rising carbon dioxide emissions and climate change. Therefore, researchers are working to develop more sustainable and efficient hydrogen generation and purification methods, with membrane-based gas-separation technologies showing greater efficiency compared to traditional techniques. This research thus, presents a synthesis of lessons from experiments, theory, and bibliometrics, on metal membranes for hydrogen separation and storage applications. According to the results, optimization of noble metal content, grain boundary homogenization, or thin film structure can facilitate high flux rates even for sub-micrometer-thick membranes, and synergy between the membrane and catalyst can move the flux rate beyond the equilibrium limit. Non-noble alloys, especially V-, Nb-, and Ta-based non-noble alloys, can also provide similar flux rates, disregarding limitations on embrittlement, utilizing connectivity, microstructure, or eutectic microstructures. Also, hydrogen solubility was found as a designable thermodynamic parameter, where moderate reduction improves mechanical stability without hindering flux, emphasizing solubility, diffusivity, and topology co-optimization. Both compositional and structural design are found to be essential for the systematic control of hydrogen intake and transport pathways using machine learning and thermodynamic modeling. The bibliometric review shows the progress of research from the original topics of fundamental H-metal interactions, embrittlement, toward optimized, performance-oriented membrane design that accumulates alloy design, surface engineering, prediction modeling, and dynamic analyses. In brief, this study confirms that high flux, mechanical stability, combined lifetime goals are reached through integrated design for bulk/interface attributes, indicating that holistic, multiscale membrane material design is key for scalable, stable H separation, storage, enabling low-carbon energy transformation. © 2026 Elsevier B.V
Measurements of the Inclusive W and Z Boson Production Cross Sections and Their Ratios in Proton-Proton Collisions at TeV
No full textMeasurements are presented of the W and Z boson production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV. Data collected in 2022 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.01 fb−1 with one or two identified muons in the final state are analyzed. The results for the products of total inclusive cross sections and branching fractions for muonic decays of W and Z bosons are (acceptance) nb for W+ boson production, (acceptance) nb for W− boson production, and (acceptance) nb for the Z boson production in the dimuon mass range of 60–120 GeV, all with negligible statistical uncertainties. Furthermore, the corresponding fiducial cross sections, as well as cross section ratios for both fiducial and total phase space, are provided. The ratios include charge-separated results for W boson production (W+ and W−) and the sum of the two contributions (W±), each relative to the measured Z boson production cross section. Additionally, the ratio of the measured cross sections for W+ and W− boson production is reported. All measurements are in agreement with theoretical predictions, calculated at next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy in quantum chromodynamics. © The Author(s) 2026
Biocover Technologies for Landfill Gas Mitigation: Analyzing Two Decades of Research Trends, Development, and Future Directions
No full textLandfill gas emissions, primarily methane, pose significant environmental challenges due to their contribution to climate change and the degradation of local air quality. Biocover technologies, which use microbial methane oxidation, have become a notable sustainable mitigation strategy. This study assessed two decades of trends and development in biocover research. A total of 227 English-language peer-reviewed papers published from 2004 to 2024 were obtained from the Scopus database. Thereafter, bibliometric tools such as R Studio-based Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were employed to analyze publication trends, keyword clusters, and thematic mapping and evolution. The study identified core themes such as methane oxidation, methanotrophs, and biochar-based biocovers, which are central to methane mitigation efforts. Thematic mapping revealed an evolution from fundamental methane oxidation mechanisms to applications like biogeochemical covers and circular economy integration. The study identified innovations such as using compost, biochar, and hybrid materials to enhance methane oxidation efficiency. Despite substantial progress, challenges remain regarding regional disparities, material optimization under varying climatic conditions, and scalability. Future research should focus on biochar-blended substrates, long-term field validation, artificial intelligence-driven optimization techniques, and expanding research to Africa. The findings provide critical insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, supporting evidence-based strategies for advancing landfill gas management and contributing to global methane mitigation efforts. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University 2025
A Promising Artificial Neural Networks Approach for Solving Fractal-Fractional Bagley-Torvik Differential Equations with Variable and Constant Coefficients
No full textFarees Co. for Technology; Libyan Authority for Exhibitions and Conferences; Lincoln University, Malaysia; The Libyan Academic Attaché in Malaysia; The Libyan Authority for Scientific Research The Libyan Embassy in Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaIn the past few years, the area of mathematical study has made considerable advances, owing largely to the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Among these, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have played an important role in modernizing several mathematical techniques and problem-solving approaches. ANNs have recently become popular as a powerful mathematical research tool, providing an effective alternative to established approaches for solving fractal-fractional differential equations (FFDEs). This paper describes the use of a feed-forward ANN with a hidden layer to address systems resulting from the fractal-fractional Bagley-Torvik differential equation (FFBTDE). In addition, a power series (PS) technique is introduced to increase efficiency. The paper looks at for solving FFBTDE with variable and constant coefficients. The numerical findings show that the suggested strategy not only produces results that closely match exact and reference solutions, but also outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026
Big Issues, Young Minds: Preschool Teachers' Emotional Experiences and Coping Strategies in Climate Change Education
No full textYağan, Sevcan/0000-0002-6423-3693; Aydos, Emine Hande/0000-0002-9975-0236; Demir Güdül, Meryem/0000-0001-7706-8562;Awareness-raising efforts around the climate crisis play a vital role in addressing environmental challenges but may also give rise to eco-anxiety. For early childhood educators, who are responsible for nurturing young children's emotional well-being, the ability to recognize, name, and respond to this complex emotional state is especially important. This study explores preschool teachers' practices related to the climate crisis, their emotional experiences in this context, and the emotional and pedagogical needs that arise in the process. Using a qualitative case study design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight preschool teachers. Thematic analysis revealed three key themes: CCE (Climate Change Education) practices, climate emotions, and emotions-aware practice needs. Findings indicate that although teachers did not explicitly plan climate-related activities, they frequently encountered its emotional dimensions through both formal instruction and daily interactions. They aimed to create emotionally safe environments and foster hope, often using these strategies to manage their own unease. While many struggled to articulate or define their emotional states, they tried to address children's concerns without intensifying distress. However, most reported uncertainty about how to navigate these challenges and emphasized the need for structured emotional support and training. Enhancing teachers' emotional awareness may enable more psychologically responsive climate education in early childhood settings
Scoping Review on Motorcycle Crashes Patterns, Risk Factors, and Potential in Setting Policy Priorities in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCC)
No full textBackground: Although road traffic injuries (RTIs) pose a significant public health burden in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC), the true extent of motorcycle crash injuries (MCCIs) remains unclear because of limited published data from this region. Emerging evidence suggests that MCCIs are on the rise because of the growing use of motorcycles for transport and delivery services, even though road safety overall has improved. We sought to review regional evidence on MCCIs' patterns, key risk factors, and temporal trends to inform policy interventions and research priorities for effective prevention. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Articles on GCC MCCIs published from July 2008 to October 2025, examining injury patterns, mortality, and safety practices, were included in the review. Search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and grey literature sources. The GCC consists of six countries: Saudi Arabia (KSA), Qatar, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, and Oman. Results: Of 1344 studies identified, 9 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The GCC has seen an increase in the number of motorcycles registered, resulting in higher MCC rates over time. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these rates surged again as the delivery sector grew. MCCI victims were mainly young males (mean age of 29 years). Extremity injuries were the most frequent (two-thirds), followed by head injuries (20-41%), often associated with poor helmet use compliance (range 13-17%). Delivery riders represented a high-risk subgroup, reflecting occupational exposure, fatigue, and time pressure. Despite advances in trauma care, geographic gaps persist. Helmet use non-compliance, alcohol use, and inadequate documentation remain significant risk factors. Extremity injuries were the most common in the GCC. Conclusion: MCCIs in the GCC are on the rise with high rates of extremity and head trauma. Poor helmet use compliance is a significant factor. Therefore, we suggest strengthening helmet use laws and safety standards, increasing community efforts, and establishing motorcycle lanes with lower speed limits. Protection for riders at work should be enhanced. Road infrastructure and robust data systems also need improvement