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Effect of Air Layer Thickness on Melting Kinetics and Heat Transfer in Horizontally Oriented Hemispherical Phase Change Material Enclosures
No full textPhase change materials (PCMs) in thermal energy storage systems often encounter unintended air gaps that critically affect performance, yet their effects in hemispherical enclosures remain unexplored. This research delves into the critical role of air layer thickness in modulating the melting kinetics and heat transfer performance of PCM within horizontally oriented hemispherical enclosures—a configuration with considerable applications for thermal energy storage (TES) systems. This research has systematically quantified how air layer thickness (0–3 mm) affects PCM melting dynamics using advanced ANSYS/FLUENT 16 simulations. The absence of an air layer (0 mm) affords the fastest melting, driven by unobstructed natural convection and conduction. In other hand, incremental air layer thicknesses (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm) have introduced enlightened thermal resistance, delaying melting completion by 15 %, 30 %, and 45 %, respectively. In this regard, a 3 mm air layer has exhibited the most noticeable insulating effect, overwhelming the convective flow velocities by 35–40 % and creating non-uniform temperature distributions of 18–22 °C gradients. The obtained results disclose an essential trade-off. This is specifically disclosed as while air layers can enhance insulation, they obstruct heat transfer competence, extending the melting duration from 85 min (0 mm) to 123 min (3 mm). This research delivers actionable visions for optimising air gap design in PCM-based systems, balancing thermal regulation requirements with energy storage performance. The associated results are predominantly relevant for applications necessitating detailed thermal management, such as building-integrated TES and electronic cooling, where hemispherical enclosures offer geometric advantages. © 2025 The Author(s
Laboratory Investigation of Strength Evolution in Organic Soils Improved by Deep Mixing Method
No full textThis study investigates the effectiveness of deep soil mixing (DSM) in enhancing the strength and modulus of organic soils. The research evaluates how varying cement types, binder dosages, water-to-cement (w/c) ratios, and curing durations affect the mechanical properties of two different organic soils that were used; natural soil from the Golden Horn region of Istanbul with 12.4% organic content, and an artificial soil created from a 50/50 mixture of Kaolin clay and Leonardite, which has an acidic pH due to high organic content. The specimens were cured for four durations, ranging from seven days to one year. The testing program included mechanical testing; Unconfined Compression Tests (UCS), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) measurements, and chemical analyses; XRay Fluorescence (XRF) and Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The UCS tests indicated that higher binder dosages and extended curing durations significantly improved the strength. Higher w/c ratios resulted in decreased strength. Long curing durations resulted in strength values which were four times the 28-day strength values. This amplified effect of strength gain in longer durations was evaluated through "Curing time effect index, (fc)". The results were presented in terms of cement dosage effect, effect of cement type, effect of total water/cement ratio (wt/c), standard deviation values, E50 values and curing time effect index (fc) values respectively. Results of UPV tests were used to develop correlations between strength and ultrasonic pulse velocities. Quantitative evaluations were made using the results of XRF and TGA analyses and strength. Significant amount of data was produced both in terms of mechanical of chemical analyses.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa [35857]This study was funded by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa. Project number: 35857.Science Citation Index Expande
Tanzimat Dönemi Batılılaşma Hareketleri Doğrultusunda Kadın ve Müzik İlişkisi
No full text'Tanzimat Dönemi Batılılaşma Hareketleri Doğrultusunda Kadın ve Müzik İlişkisi' konu başlıklı bu çalışma, Tanzimat Dönemi'nde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'ndaki Batılılaşma hareketlerinin kadınların müzikle olan ilişkisi ve toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, dönemin sosyal ve kültürel dönüşümleri incelenerek kadınların toplumdaki yeri, cinsiyet rolleri ve müzikle ilgili etkinlikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Batılı kültür ve eğitim akımlarının Osmanlı toplumuna girişi, kadınların müzik alanındaki rollerinin belirgin şekilde artmasına ve eğitim imkânlarının genişlemesiyle sanat ve müzikte daha görünür hale gelmelerine olanak sağlamıştır. Özellikle Osmanlı sarayında müzik, opera ve sanatsal eğitimler önem kazanmış; padişahlar, Batılı müzik kültürünü benimseyerek modern yaşam standartlarını desteklemeye yönelik adımlar atmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda Batılılaşma hareketleri başlangıçta askeri reformlarla öne çıkmış olmakla birlikte, zamanla bu değişim süreci sanat, müzik ve eğitim gibi diğer kültürel alanlara da yayılmıştır. Bu süreç, özellikle kadınların toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini dönüştürme potansiyeline sahip önemli etkiler yaratmıştır. Batılılaşmanın Osmanlı Devleti üzerindeki etkisi, sadece askeri alanda değil, kadınlara yönelik sağladığı eğitim olanaklarıyla da kendini göstermiş ve bu süreç, kadınların sanatta daha aktif bir rol üstlenmelerine olanak sağlamış, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği açısından önemli bir adım atılmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Araştırma, Tanzimat öncesi dönemdeki Batılılaşma sürecini III. Selim'in müziğe olan katkılarıyla başlatmakta ve bu bağlamda kadın figürlerinden Reftar Kalfa, Dilhayat Kalfa, Esma Sultan ve Adile Sultan'a dair örnekler sunmaktadır. Tanzimat sonrası dönem, I. Abdülmecid'in müziğe katkılarından başlayarak Sultan Reşad ve Vahdettin dönemine kadar uzanan bir zaman dilimini kapsamaktadır. Bu süreçte, müzik alanında faaliyet gösteren kadınlar arasında Leyla Saz, Dürr-i Nigâr Kalfa, İhsan Raif Hanım, Rukkiye Sultan, Kevser Sultan, Ayşe Sultan, Faize Ergin, Fehime Sultan, Tanburi Şadiye Hanım, Neveser Kökdeş ve Osmanoğlu Gevheri (Fatma) Sultan gibi isimlere yer verilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda çalışma, kadınların müzik alanında beste yaparak veya müziğe yönelik diğer çalışmalarıyla toplumsal hayatta daha görünür bir rol üstlenmelerini analiz etmektedir. İnceleme, belirlenen dönemle sınırlandırılmış olup, bu süreçte müzikle ilgilenen kadınlara dair bilgilere ulaşılmaya çalışılmış ve bu kişilerin yaşamlarına dair kısa kesitler sunulmuştur. Çalışma, söz konusu kadınların bireysel kimlikleriyle birlikte toplumsal hayatta sanat yoluyla kazandıkları roller ve öneme dikkat çekmekte, ayrıca Batılılaşma sürecindeki kazanımları değerlendirmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Osmanlı, Tanzimat, Batılılaşma, Kadın, Toplumsal cinsiyet.The study titled 'The Relationship Between and Mucis in the Context of Westernization Movements during the Tanzimat Period' examines the impact of Westernization efforts in the Ottoman Empire during the Tanzimat period on women's engagement with music and their societal gender roles. In this context, the social and cultural transformations of the era are explored, with a focus on the position of women in society, gender roles, and their participation in musical activities. The introduction of Western culture and educational trends into Ottoman society facilitated a significant increase in women's roles in music, allowing them to become more visible in the arts and music fields through expanded educational opportunities. In particular, music, opera and artistic education gained importance at the Ottoman court; the sultans, by embracing Western musical culture, took steps to support modern living standards. Althoung the Westernization movements in the Ottoman Empire initially emerged through military reforms, over time, this process extended to other cultural areas such as art, music and education. This shift had significant effects, particularly in transforming women's gender roles, important potential for change. The influence of Westernization on the Ottoman Empire manifested not only in the military field but also in the educational opportunities provided to women, allowing them to take a more active role in the arts, which marked an important step toward gender equality. The research begins by exploring the Westernization process before the Tanzimat period throught the contributions of Sultan Selim III to music, highlighting female figures such as Reftar Kalfa, Dilhayat Kalfa, Esma Sultan and Adile Sultan. The period following the Tanzimat is examined, starting with the musical contributions of Sultan Abdulmecid and extending throught the reigns of Sultan Reşad And Sultan Vahdettin. During this time, women engaged in music include prominent names such as Leyla Saz, Dürr-i Nigâr Kalfa, İhsan Raif Hanım, Rukkiye Sultan, Kevser Sultan, Ayşe Sultan, Faize Ergin, Fehime Sultan, Tanburi Şadiye Hanım, Neveser Kökdeş and Osmanoğlu Gevheri (Fatma) Sultan. The study analyzes how these women played more visible roles in society by composing music or engaging in other musical activities. The examination is limited to the specifield period and efforts are made to gather information about women involved in music during this time. Brief accounts of their lives are privoded, emphasizing how these women gained roles and singificance in society throught art, alongside their individual identities. Furthermore, the study evaluates their achievements within the Westernization process. Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Tanzimat, Westernization, Women, Gender roles
Validity and Reliability Study of the School Technology Leadership Scale According to Teachers’ Perceptions
No full textSchool principals should have school technology leadership skills in order to manage technology integration into teaching and learning activities effectively and efficiently. The ‘School Technology Leadership Scale’ was developed by Grace in 2020 to assess principals’ technology leadership skills from the perspective of the teachers. The scale was presented in five dimensions, but Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were not conducted by Grace in 2020. In the present study, the scale was adapted and modified for a different national school system and language in Türkiye by following an eight-stage process. The factor structure and factor loadings were determined by conducting EFA without removing any items from the original scale, and a two-factor structure was obtained. The validity and reliability of the adapted scale were examined with Cronbach’s alpha analysis, item analysis, composite reliability of the new scale structure, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) tests, EFA and CFA. The findings indicate that there is a concomitant increase in the perception of technological leadership as the score on the scale increases. The adapted scale is a suitable tool to assess the perceptions of teachers in relation to their principals’ technology leadership skills. Determining the indicators of technology leadership skills are important since school principals should develop technological leadership skills to 1) facilitate access to novel technologies in an effective teaching and learning process, 2) support effective learning, 3) render the school management process more practical, transparent, rational and data-driven and 4) promote effective utilization of technology.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
Search for Bottom Quark Associated Production of the Standard Model Higgs Boson in Final States With Leptons in Proton-Proton Collisions at √<i>s</I>=13 Tev
No full textRossi Tisbeni, Simone/0000-0001-6776-285X; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Colaleo, Anna/0000-0002-0711-6319; Schieck, Jochen/0000-0002-1058-8093; Tedeschi, Tommaso/0000-0002-7125-2905; Radogna, Raffaella/0000-0002-1094-5038; Shopova, Mariana/0000-0001-6664-2493; Dragicevic, Marko/0000-0003-1967-6783; Navarrete Ramos, Efren/0000-0002-5180-4020; Chatterjee, Suman/0000-0003-2660-0349; Grunewald, Martin/0000-0002-5754-0388; Giommi, Luca/0000-0003-3539-4313; Martinez Rivero, Celso/0000-0002-3224-956XThis Letter presents the first search for bottom quark associated production of the standard model Higgs boson, in final states with leptons. Higgs boson decays to pairs of tau leptons and pairs of leptonically decaying W bosons are considered. The search is performed using data collected from 2016 to 2018 by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb(-1). Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are placed on the signal strength for Higgs boson production in association with bottom quarks; the observed (expected) upper limit is 3.7 (6.1) times the standard model prediction.FWF (Austria); FNRS (Belgium); FWO (Belgium); CNPq (Brazil); CAPES (Brazil); FAPERJ (Brazil); FAPERGS (Brazil); FAPESP (Brazil); BNSF (Bulgaria); MoST (China); NSFC (China); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland (Finland); MEC (Finland); CEA (France); CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF (Germany); DFG (Germany); HGF (Germany); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE (India); DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); NSF (USA); Marie-Curie program (European Union); European Research Council (European Union); Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union) [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 884104]; COST Action (European Union) [CA16108]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS - be.h project [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) (Greece) [2288]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [EXC 2121, 390833306, 400140256 - GRK2497]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; Latvian Council of Science; National Science Center (Poland) [Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI, ERDF "a way of making Europe"; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation (Thailand) [B05F650021]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); BMBWF (Austria); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); ERC PUT (Estonia); HIP (Finland); GSRI (Greece); MSIP (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV (Mexico); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MES (Poland); NSC (Poland); MCIN/AEI (Spain); MST (Taipei); MHESI (Thailand); TENMAK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE (USA); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium); New National Excellence Program - UNKP (Hungary); NKFIH (Hungary) [K 124845, K 124850, K 128713, K 128786, K 129058, K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64]; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu (Spain) [MDM-2017-0765]We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 884104, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" -390833306, and under project number 400140256 - GRK2497; the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program - UNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 124845, K 124850, K 128713, K 128786, K 129058, K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF "a way of making Europe", and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B05F650021 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).Science Citation Index Expande
Impact of Polishing Methods on Surface Roughness and S. Mutans Adhesion in Composite Resins: An in Vitro Study
No full textBackground This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion on two different composite resin materials following the application of various polishing systems. Methods Eighty disk-shaped specimens (8 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) were fabricated using nanohybrid (Charisma Topaz) and nanofilled (Tokuyama Estelite Asteria) composite resins (n = 40 each). Each material group was further divided into four groups (n = 10) according to the polishing system used: Mylar strip (control), Sof-Lex (TM), Clearfil (TM) Twist Dia, and Opti1Step (TM). After measuring the surface roughness, the sterilized samples were divided into two subgroups as, "artificial saliva-treated samples" and "non-treated samples." For each subgroup, solutions containing S. mutans were added, and the samples were incubated at 35-37 degrees C for 24 h. Determination of adhered bacteria on surfaces depended upon colony counts obtained after incubation, which was presented as CFU/mL. Statistical analyses included two-way ANOVA for surface roughness and three-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test for bacterial adhesion. Results SR values ranged from 0.07 +/- 0.01 mu m to 0.09 +/- 0.03 mu m across all groups, remaining well below the clinical threshold of 0.2 mu m, highlighting that the minor surface variations observed are unlikely to have clinical significance regarding plaque retention. (p > 0.05). S. mutans adhesion values ranged between 2.83 +/- 0.25 log CFU/mL and 3.57 +/- 0.32 log CFU/mL. No statistically significant differences were found between polishing methods or saliva conditions (p > 0.05). The three-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant main effect of composite resin material on S. mutans adhesion (F = 29.895, p < 0.001, partial eta(2) = 0.322), indicating that bacterial colonization varied according to the resin material used. Conclusion While different polishing systems did not significantly affect surface roughness or bacterial adhesion, the composite resin type appears to play a crucial role in S. mutans colonization.Science Citation Index Expande
Revitalizing Old Belgrade Through Macro Scale Green Corridors: A Green Infrastructure Approach
No full textBu çalışma, Sırbistan'ın başkenti Belgrad'ın metropoliten yeşil yapısını, özellikle yeşil altyapının stratejik bir bileşeni olarak makro ölçekli yeşil koridorların işlevine odaklanarak, tarihi kentsel çekirdeği olan Eski Belgrad'ın canlandırılması bağlamında incelemektedir. İklim değişikliği, kentsel parçalanma, düşük ekolojik bağlantı ve kamusal yeşil alan eksikliği gibi artan sorunlar, modern şehirlerin daha sürdürülebilir, sağlıklı ve dirençli kentsel bağlamlar geliştirmek için yeşil altyapı planlaması gibi stratejilere ihtiyaç duymasına neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, özellikle makro ölçekli yeşil koridorlar (kentsel alanlardan geçen büyük, kesintisiz ve birbirine bağlı açık ve bitkilendirilmiş alan ağları), ekolojik uyumu teşvik etmek, insan refahını artırmak ve şehrin hızlı kentsel genişleme ve otomobil odaklı gelişim sonucunda kaybolan mekânsal mantığını yeniden kurmak için son derece etkili araçlar olarak sunulmaktadır. Başkent Belgrad, özellikle de tarihî merkezi, böyle bir müdahale için açık bir örnektir. Eski Belgrad, en büyük ve en değerli kültürel ve tarihî miras rezervlerine ve en önemli yeşil alanlara en büyüğü Kalemegdan Parkı ve Topčider olmak üzere sahip önemli bir kültürel ve tarihî bölgedir. Ne yazık ki bu alanlar birbirinden kopuktur; altyapı, yoğun trafik yolları ve plansız kentsel büyüme ile kesilmiştir. Bu alanların çevresel, rekreasyonel ve sosyal potansiyelleri, ekolojik ya da yaya sürekliliği sağlanamadığı için nihayetinde zayıflamaktadır. Bu araştırma, makro ölçekli yeşil koridorların, bu alanları birbirine bağlayarak anlamlı bir ekolojik ve kültürel peyzaj oluşturmak suretiyle böyle bir canlandırmanın itici gücü olabileceğini öne sürmektedir. Anlatı temelli bir literatür taraması yaklaşımı temelinde, bu çalışma, Madrid Río (İspanya), New York'taki High Line (ABD), Paris'teki Promenade Plantée (Fransa), Ruhr bölgesindeki Emscher Peyzaj Parkı (Almanya), Seul'ün Yeşil Kuşağı (Güney Kore), Singapur Park Bağlantı Ağı ve São Paulo Metropolitan Yeşil Kuşağı (Brezilya) gibi yedi uluslararası makro ölçekli yeşil koridor örneğini analiz etmektedir. Bahsi geçen projeler, coğrafi, sosyoekonomik ve planlama bağlamlarının çeşitliliği ve kent yenilemesini teşvik etme, biyolojik çeşitliliği artırma, aktif hareketliliği teşvik etme ve atıl alanların yeniden kullanımı konularındaki kanıtlanmış başarılarına göre seçilmiştir. Karşılaştırmalı analiz yoluyla, araştırma bu projelerin temel planlama fikirlerini, tasarım stratejilerini ve yönetişim biçimlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgular daha sonra Eski Belgrad'ın kentsel morfolojisi, yeşil altyapı eksiklikleri ve kültürel peyzajı bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu durum, kentsel, mimari ve doğal alanları birbirine bağlayan, ekolojik işlevi kamusal alanın iyileştirilmesi, kültürel mirasın korunması ve uzun vadeli kentsel dayanıklılığın artırılması ile uyumlu hale getiren makro ölçekli yeşil koridorların gerçekleştirilmesine yönelik kavramsal bir çerçeve ve mekânsal stratejiye katkı sağlar. Son olarak, tez, yeşil altyapı ve sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişim literatürüne katkı sunmakta, küresel düzeyde yönlendirilen ancak yerel düzlemde kök salan yeşil koridor stratejilerinin, Belgrad gibi tarihsel olarak karmaşık şehirlerde daha sağlıklı, daha bağlantılı ve daha kapsayıcı (kentsel) gelecekleri yeniden hayal etmede nasıl etkili olabileceğini vurgulamaktadır. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Yeşil Koridorlar, Ekolojik Bağlantı, Kentsel Canlandırma ve Yeşil AltyapıThis study explores the metropolitan green structure of Serbia's capital, Belgrade in the context of the revitalization of the Old Belgrade, its historical urban core, with particular focus on the function of the macro-scale green corridors as a strategic component of green infrastructure. Growing challenges such as climate change, urban fragmentation, low ecological connectivity, and lack of public green space, are making modern cities in need of strategies like green infrastructure planning for developing more sustainable, healthy and resilient urban contexts. Within these terms, macro-scale green corridors (large, continuous and interconnected networks of open and vegetated areas that cut through urban areas), in particular, have been presented as highly effective tools to stimulate ecological harmony, human welfare and the reestablishment of the spatial logic of the city which has been lost as a result of its rapid urban expansion and of car-oriented development. The capital of Belgrade, especially its historical center, is an obvious case for such an action. The Old Belgrade is an important cultural and historical region, with the largest and most valuable reserves of cultural and historical heritage and the most significant green surface the largest being the Kalemegdan Park and Topčider. Unfortunately, these spaces are disconnected from each other, cut off by infrastructure, congested traffic routes, and unplanned urban growth. Their combined environmental, recreational and social potential is ultimately undermined through failure to achieve that either ecological or pedestrian continuity. This research proposes that macro-scale green corridors can act as the driver of such a rejuvenation, by linking them with one another in a consequential ecological and cultural landscape. Based on a narrative literature review approach, the paper draws upon an analysis of more than seven international cases of macroscopic green corridors, such as the Madrid Río (Spain), the High Line in New York (USA), the Promenade Plantée in Paris (France), the Emscher Landscape Park in the Ruhr area (Germany), the Seoul's Greenbelt (South Korea), Singapore's Park Connector Network and the Metropolitan Green Belt São Paulo, Brazil. The projects in question were chosen on the basis of their rich variety of geographical, socioeconomic and planning contexts as well as according to their proved effectiveness in promoting urban regeneration, biodiversity enhancement, active mobility and regeneration of wastelands. Through comparative analysis, the research discovers the principal planning ideas, design strategies, and governance forms underlining the projects. These results are further placed into the context of Old Belgrade's urban morphology, green infrastructure deficiency and the cultural landscape. This instance contributes to a conceptual framework and spatial strategy for the realization of macro-scale green corridors in Old Belgrade which would connect both the urban, architectural and the natural and align ecological function with public space improvement, preservation of cultural heritage and increase in urban resilience in the long run. Finally, the thesis adds to the literature on green infrastructure and sustainable urbanism, highlighting how globally driven, locally anchored green corridor strategies can become instrumental in re-imagining healthier, more connected, and more inclusive (urban) futures in historically intricate cities of the likes of Belgrade. KEYWORDS: Green Corridors, Ecological Connectivity, Urban Revitalization and Green Infrastructur
Does Weight Loss Impact Voice Quality in Obese Individuals
No full textBackground: Obesity causes changes in the vocal tract. Aims and Objectives: to investigate the impact of obesity and weight loss on voice. Methods: The study involved 12 obese and 8 nonobese participants. Weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage were assessed. Voice parameters were measured, including maximum phonation time, fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, and the noise-to-harmonics ratio. The Voice Handicap Index-10 was utilized for self-assessment. After 3 months, voice parameters were reassessed, and the changes were correlated with body mass index. Results: The obese group demonstrated significant weight loss and decreased body fat percentage. Maximum phonation time was lower in the obese group but increased after weight loss. F0 did not differ between groups at baseline but increased in the obese group following weight loss. Jitter values were similar between groups but decreased in the obese group. Shimmer was higher in the obese group at both baseline and follow-up, but it showed a significant decrease. Voice handicap index-10 scores were significantly higher in the obese group and decreased markedly. Conclusions: Obesity is linked to changes in MPT and disturbance. Dietary intervention leads to enhancements. Significance: This is the first study evaluating the effect of losing weight with diet on voice. © 2025 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD
Comparison of Disease Severity, Physical Fitness Parameters, and Physical Activity Levels According to Pain Intensity in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textObjective: The study aims to evaluate disease severity, physical fitness parameters, and physical activity levels in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) based on pain intensity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the physiotherapy and rehabilitation unit of a state hospital between September and December 2024. A total of 96 individuals diagnosed with knee OA, with a mean age of 57.36 ± 8.78 years, were included in the study. Pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)), disease severity (Lequesne Algofunctional Knee Index (LAKI)), body composition (Body Mass Index (BMI)), muscle strength and endurance (sit-ups test), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), cardiorespiratory endurance (6-minute walk test (6MWT), 30-second sit-to-stand test), physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)) were assessed. Participants were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 included those with an NRS score of 5 or below, and Group 2 included those with an NRS score above 5. Results: The groups were similar in terms of age, gender, BMI, and disease duration (P > .05). Group 2 had higher NRS and LAKI scores (both P = .001). Group 2 performed worse in the sit-ups test and the sit-and-reach test (P = .001, P = .047, respectively). The 6MWT, the 30-second sit-to-stand test, and the total IPAQ-SF score were higher in Group 1 (P = .008, P = .007, P = .019, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the groups in the lateral trunk flexion tests (P > .05). Conclusion: Individuals with knee OA who have increased pain intensity were found to have higher disease severity and lower muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, and physical activity levels. This study demonstrates that increased pain intensity negatively affects body structure and functions and reduces participation in activities. © Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Analysis of Drilling and Blasting Costs in an Open-Pit Mine
No full textAçık ocak maden işletmelerindeki üretim süreçleri arasında yer alan delme-patlatma operasyonu, kritik önemi bulunan ve maliyetli bir faaliyettir. Bu maliyetin karşılığında Patlayıcı Mühendislerinden, optimum verimle üretime katkı sağlamaları beklenmektedir. Delme-patlatma operasyonunun verimliliği, maden işletmesindeki tüm üretim süreçlerini etkilemektedir. Delme-patlatma operasyonundan optimum verim elde edebilmek için çalışma sahasının jeolojik özellikleri Patlayıcı Mühendisleri tarafından iyi anlaşılmalı, bu jeolojik özellikler dikkate alınarak en uygun patlayıcı ve delici makine seçimi yapılmalıdır. Bu seçimleri desteklemek için delme-patlatma operasyonundaki kontrol edilebilir parametrelerin (delik çapı, delikler düzeni, patlayıcı madde şarj miktarı vb.) seçimi yapılarak patlatma tasarımı oluşturulmalıdır. Bu tasarım oluşturulduktan sonra ise çalışma sahasında deneme patlatmaları yapılarak tasarımın verimlilik kontrolü yapılmakta ve istenilen sonuçlar alındığı takdirde delme-patlatma operasyonu başlatılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bir açık ocak madeni işetmesinde, 2022 ve 2023 yılları içerisinde gerçekleştirilen delme-patlatma operasyonlarında kullanılan delici makina ana sarf malzemeleri (bit, tij ve şank) ve patlayıcı madde kullanım miktarları incelenmiştir. Kullanım miktarları, delme-patlatma operasyonu (patlatmalı kazı) ile yapılan üretim miktarıyla kıyaslanmıştır. Ayrıca kullanılan tüm malzemelerin maliyet analizi yapılmış ve verimlilik açısından da değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma için kayıt altına alınan verilere bakılarak 2023 yılındaki patlatmalı kazı üretimi 2022 yılına göre yaklaşık olarak %13,33 artış göstermiştir. Yapılan iyileştirme ve verimlilik çalışmaları kapsamında delici makina ana sarf malzemeleri (bit, tij ve şank için 2023 yılında 2022 yılana göre dolar bazlı maliyet açısından yaklaşık olarak %14,54 kar sağlanmıştır. Patlayıcı madde malzemeleri için 2023 yılında 2022 yılana göre dolar bazlı maliyet açısından yaklaşık olarak %1,26'lık artış görülmüştür. Bunun nedeni ise artan üretim ile birlikte delgi sayısının artması ve kullanılan patlayıcı maddelerinin zaman içerisindeki fiyat artışıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Patlayıcı Mühendisliği, delme-patlatma, bit, tij, şank, patlayıcı maddeThe drilling-blasting operation, which is among the production processes in open-pit mining operations, is a crucial and costly activity. In return for this cost, Explosive Engineers are expected to contribute to production by optimising the efficiency of the operations. The efficiency of the drilling-blasting operation affects all production processes in the To achieve optimum efficiency from the drilling-blasting operation, the geological characteristics of the work site should be well studied and understood by Explosive Engineers, and the most appropriate explosive and drilling machine selection should be made by taking these geological characteristics into consideration. To support these selections, the controllable parameters in the drilling-blasting operation (hole diameter, hole layout (formation), explosive charge amount, etc.) should be selected and the blasting design should be devised. Once the design is ready, the efficiency of the design is checked by conducting trial blasting in the work area and if the desired results are achieved, the drilling-blasting operation starts. This paper examines the quantities of the explosive materials and the drilling machinery's main consumables (bit, rod, shank) used in an open pit mine during 2022 and 2023. The amounts used (explosives and consumable machine parts) are compared with the production output produced by drilling-blasting operation (blasting excavation). In addition, the cost of all materials used analysed and compared in terms of efficiency. Based on the data recorded for this study, the output generated through blasting excavation production in 2023 increased by approximately 13.34% compared to 2022. Again comparing 2022 to 2023, through meticulous cost reduction and efficiency efforts concerning the drilling machine's main consumables (bit, rod, shank) a cost reduction of 14.54% was achieved in terms of USD. On the other hand, concerning the cost of explosive materials, an increase of 1.26% observed (again in terms of USD). And the two main reasons of this increase were the increased number of holes due to increased production and the price-hike of the explosive materials in time (from 2022 to 2023). Keywords: Explosives engineering, Drilling-blasting, bit, rod, shank, explosive materia