IEU GCRIS Database (İzmir Ekonomi Üniversitesi)
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Children at Risk: a Cross-Sectional Study of Mothers Awareness and Practices Regarding Chemical Product Labels at Home
No full textBackground Children's exposure to chemical products at home poses significant health risks, making mothers' awareness and label-reading practices crucial for ensuring household safety. Objective This study aimed to determine the frequency of mothers reading labels on chemical products and their knowledge of label symbols. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study included 352 mothers whose children were between the ages of 6-18 years. Data were collected through an online survey using the Sociodemographic and Descriptive Characteristics Data Form and the Chemical Label Symbols Information Questionnaire. Results It was found that 65.6% of the mothers were interested in chemical product labels, 38.9% always read the information on the label, and 70.5% believed that the information on the label was useful. The label symbol that mothers knew the most was the symbol for airing the room after use (94.9%) and the least was the symbol for acute poisoning (50.6%). It was found that the frequency of label reading increased as the number of family members and the number of children decreased (p 0.05). Conclusion It was determined that although mothers were highly aware of the symbols on chemical product labels, the frequency of label reading was insufficient. Children's health is at risk due to the excessive use of chemical products at home.The authors would like to acknowledge all mothers in this study.The authors received no specific funding for this work
Self-Repair and Motivation in Legal and Medical Simultaneous Interpreting: Reflections From Student Interpreters
No full textThe present study examines the similarities and differences in the use of self-repairs by student interpreters during simultaneous interpreting of two different speech types, medical and legal, as well as the underlying motivations behind these repairs. With this aim in mind, this case study involves an English-to-Turkish simultaneous interpreting experiment with 7 senior student interpreters enrolled in Simultaneous Interpreting course at a major university in IAzmir, Tu rkiye, and corroborated with a post-experiment questionnaire and student reflective reports within the scope of Scho n's concept of "reflection". Shen and Liang's taxonomy of self-repair strategies was used for data analysis, and findings were then discussed in line with Daniel Gile's Effort Model. The findings revealed that challenges arising from syntactic asymmetries, cognitive load, and short-term memory triggered student interpreters' self-repairs during the interpreting process. As for the self-repair strategies, repetition comes forward as the most commonly used type in both speech types, yet there is a statistical difference between the total number used in the legal and the medical speech. Furthermore, the students' statements showed no correlation between the number of self-repairs, speech difficulty, and perceived interpreting performance. This finding suggests that self-repair is not always an indicator of poor interpreting performance and error correction; instead, it can serve as a cognitive strategy to manage time, achieve semantic clarity, and enhance the comprehensibility of renditions
Hydraulic Scale Modeling of Pressurized Sediment Laden Flow
No full textIn hydropower tunnel systems, unlined pressurized tunnels in competent rock are commonly used for cost-effective construction. Incorporating pressurized sand traps at the downstream end of these tunnels can increase plant capacity and improve energy efficiency. The present work focuses on optimizing the performance of existing pressurized sand traps. Hydraulic scale models were developed and tested at the Hydraulic Laboratory of NTNU, Within the 960 MW Tonstad Hydropower Plant in southern Norway as a case study. This study compares 1:1 velocity/sediment scaling with Froude scaling through physical experiments, analyzing velocity profiles via Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and sediment trap efficiency. Results show that Froude scaling, combined with geometric sediment scaling, provides superior accuracy in trap efficiency scaling across varying factors. However, in many practical hydropower applications, the large scaling factor required for laboratory models results in very small model sediments, leading to cohesion limitations. In such cases, Froude scaling may not be feasible. The 1:1 scaling method provides a conservative alternative. Hence, for practical applications, 1:1 scaling may be more cost-effective and sufficient for designing pressurized sand traps. This study emphasizes the importance of accounting for unscaled parameters and flow phenomena in hydraulic model design.The work was conducted as a part of the Flexible Sand trap project 3, financed by NorHED II, Hydraulic Research and Education Laboratory and Dam Safety in Ethiopia. Project No. RDPD/MU/External/001/2023 (Mekelle University) and NTNU Project No. 98768100; The Norwegian Research Center for Hydropower Technology (HydroCen) and Sira-Kvina kraftselskap.NorHED II, Hydraulic Research and Education Laboratory and Dam Safety in Ethiopia [98768100]; Norwegian Research Center for Hydropower Technology; Sira-Kvina kraftselska
Legacy of Arts and Chrono-Urbanism in Wynwood, Miami
No full textSignificant progress in the concept of chrono-urbanism has occurred since the pandemic, partly driven by the adoption of the 15-minute city model from European and Asian cities to the United States. In recent years, Miami's urban planning has shifted toward mixed-use development and densification, with neighborhoods like Wynwood embracing chrono-urbanism and arts-focused redevelopment strategies. Our study examines this transition in Wynwood, focusing on the role of the arts using a mixed-methods approach. We find that positive developments in business and real estate, particularly within 5- and 10-minute walking and biking catchment areas, contributing to a more mixed-use community. However, the closure of art galleries and the redevelopment of vacant lots and older buildings into high-rise developments are replacing the organic street art that initially attracted artists and visitors. This shift has led to more commercialized, commissioned art pieces that meet building codes but lack the unique character of the original works. During interviews, gallery representatives expressed concern that Wynwood is evolving from an arts district into a high-priced area known more for its murals than its creative community. Although chrono-urbanism is being adopted in many cities, differences in economic, cultural, political, and geographic contexts necessitate those approaches be tailored to each urban environment. © 2025 Elsevier Lt
De-Escalation of Nodal Surgery in Clinically Node-Positive Breast Cancer
No full textImportance: Increasing evidence supports the oncologic safety of de-escalating axillary surgery for patients with breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Objective: To evaluate the oncologic outcomes of de-escalating axillary surgery among patients with clinically node (cN)-positive breast cancer and patients whose disease became cN negative after NAC (ycN negative). Design, Setting, and Participants: In the NEOSENTITURK MF-1803 prospective cohort registry trial, patients from 37 centers with cT1-4N1-3M0 disease treated with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or targeted axillary dissection (TAD) alone or with ypN-negative or ypN-positive disease after NAC were recruited between February 15, 2019, and January 1, 2023, and evaluated. Exposure: Treatment with SLNB or TAD after NAC. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary aim of the study was axillary, locoregional, or distant recurrence rates; disease-free survival; and disease-specific survival. Number of axillary lymph nodes removed was also evaluated. Results: A total of 976 patients (median age, 46 years [range, 21-80 years]) with cT1-4N1-3M0 disease underwent SLNB (n = 620) or TAD alone (n = 356). Most of the cohort had a mapping procedure with blue dye alone (645 [66.1%]) with (n = 177) or without (n = 468) TAD. Overall, no difference was found between patients treated with TAD and patients treated with SLNB in the median number of total lymph nodes removed (TAD, 4 [3-6] vs SLNB, 4 [3-6]; P =.09). Among patients with ypN-positive disease, those who underwent TAD were more likely to have a lower median lymph node ratio (TAD, 0.28 [IQR, 0.20-0.40] vs SLNB, 0.33 [IQR, 0.20-0.50]; P =.03). At a median follow-up of 39 months (IQR, 29-48 months), no significant difference was found in the rates of ipsilateral axillary recurrence (0.3% [1 of 356] vs 0.3% [2 of 620]; P ≥.99) or locoregional recurrence (0.6% [2 of 356] vs 1.1% [7 of 620]; P =.50) between the TAD and SLNB groups, with an overall locoregional recurrence rate of 0.9% (9 of 976). The initial clinical tumor stage, pathologic complete response, and use of blue dye alone as a mapping procedure were not associated with the outcome. Even though patients with TAD demonstrated an increased disease-free survival rate compared with the SLNB group, this difference did not reach statistical significance (94.9% vs 92.6%; P =.07). Factors associated with decreased 5-year disease-specific survival were cN2-3 axillary stage (cN1, 98.7% vs cN2-3, 96.8%; P =.03) and nonluminal type tumor pathologic characteristics (luminal, 98.9% vs nonluminal, 96.9%; P =.007). Conclusions and Relevance: The short-term results suggest very low rates of axillary and locoregional recurrence in a select group of patients with cN-negative disease after NAC treated with TAD alone or SLNB alone followed by regional nodal irradiation regardless of the SLNB technique or nodal pathology. Whether TAD might provide a clear survival advantage compared with SLNB remains to be proven in studies with longer follow-up. © 2025 American Medical Association. All rights reserved
Exploring Public Attitudes and Altruistic Intentions Toward Waste Pickers as Indicators of Pro-Environmental Waste Separation Behavior
No full textDespite being a critical component of the context surrounding recycling systems in many countries, the influence of waste picker presence on individual pro-environmental waste separation behavior has been mostly overlooked. Arguing that this influence depends on individuals' attitudes toward waste pickers and intentions to help them, we explore these two constructs through qualitative and quantitative methods using a three-phase scale development process. We identify two dimensions of public attitudes: "Adaptation to Society" and "Contribution to Society," alongside a unidimensional structure for intentions to help waste pickers. As expected, we find that public attitudes and intentions to help are significantly associated with waste separation behavior. We also reveal socio-demographic factors, such as political views and socio-economic status, that significantly relate to these attitudes and intentions. This study lays the groundwork for understanding how waste pickers, as a crucial contextual element, may shape pro-environmental waste separation behavior, while offering guidance to policymakers in designing more effective recycling programs.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [122K244]; TUBITAKBOLD>Funding/BOLD> This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the Grant Number 122K244. The authors thank TUBITAK for its support
Hope, Indignation, Nostalgia: the Emotional Navigation of Urban Modernity in Post-War Istanbul
No full textThis chapter explores the emotional dimensions of capitalist urban development in post-war Turkey, focusing on Istanbul as a microcosm of profound socio-economic transformation. It argues that, as capitalist relations gained momentum from the 1950s onwards, Istanbul was pushed to the forefront of national development and became a symbol of economic promise and social mobility. This transformation imbued the city with multifaceted emotional significance for Turkish society, encompassing hope, coldness, resentment, and nostalgia. Through an analysis of popular discourse, including films, newspapers, and satirical magazines, the chapter identifies culturally ingrained tropes that helped individuals interpret and navigate urban and economic changes, namely the popular proverb that Istanbul streets are paved with gold, the figure of the poor but proud youth, and the social type of the courteous Istanbul gentleman. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Agnes Arndt and Kerstin Maria Pahl. All rights reserved
Framing of Syrian Refugees in Turkish Politics: an Analysis of Turkish Grand National Assembly Debates
No full textThis study examines how Turkish political parties framed the Syrian refugee issue in floor speeches in the Turkish parliament leading up to the 2023 general election. Building upon research that explores how political party ideologies, issue ownership, and issue salience shape party approaches to immigration and refugee issues, we analyzed the incumbent AKP's response to opposition criticisms of its open-border policy. Additionally, we examined whether the CHP, MHP, ; Idot;Y ; Idot;P, and HDP increased their standing on the issue by addressing it in speeches and whether they framed the issue from social, demographic, economic, humanitarian, or security threat perspectives
The Role of Social Media Usage in the Impact of Body Image on Disordered Eating Attitudes During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
No full textDigrak, Ebru/0000-0001-7406-4769ObjectiveSocial media use can negatively impact both physical and mental well-being by influencing aspects like body image and potentially leading to eating disorders. This issue is particularly significant during pregnancy, a time when maternal and foetal health are heavily influenced by nutrition. This study aims to examine how social media use affects the relationship between body image and disordered eating attitudes in the third trimester of pregnant women.MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 368 pregnant women during their routine prenatal visits. Data collection occurred between May 2023 to May 2024, utilising the Social Media Use Integration Scale, the Disordered Eating Attitudes in Pregnancy Scale and the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale. The study's hypotheses were analysed using structural equation modelling.ResultsThe study demonstrated significant positive correlations among body image perception, disordered eating attitudes, and social media use during the third trimester of pregnancy. Particularly, higher levels of social media use exacerbated the negative effects of body image perception on disordered eating attitudes. The overall model explained 29.21% of the variance in disordered eating attitudes, with social media use playing a significant moderating role.ConclusionThese findings suggest that negative body image perceptions and social media use affect disordered eating attitudes in the third trimester of pregnant women. Furthermore, social media use serves as a significant moderator, increasing the negative effects of body image concerns. Healthcare providers should take into account the influence of social media on pregnant women's body image and eating behaviours when developing intervention strategies. Implementing educational programs that promote a positive body image perception and enhance media literacy could be beneficial
A Mixed-Method Study on Physicians Perceptions of Pay for Performance: Impact on Professionalism, Morality and Work-Life Balance
No full textTut, Hasan/0009-0004-2677-8926BackgroundPay-for-performance system (P4P) has been in operation in the Turkish healthcare sector since 2004. While the government defended that it encouraged healthcare professionals' job motivation, and improved patient satisfaction by increasing efficiency and service quality, healthcare professionals have emphasized the system's negative effects on working conditions, physicians' trustworthiness, and cost-quality outcomes. In this study, we investigated physicians' accounts of current working conditions, their status as a moral agent, and their professional attitudes in the context of P4P's perceived effects on their professional, social, private, and future lives.MethodsFirst, we held 3 focus groups with 19 residents and 1 specialist regarding their lived experiences under P4P and thematically analyzed the transcripts. Second, we developed a questionnaire to assess how generalizable the qualitative findings are for a broader group of physicians. The tool has three parts questioning 1) demographic information, 2) working conditions, and 3) perceived consequences and effects of P4P. 2136 physicians responded to the survey. After refining the data, we conducted the statistical analysis over 1378 responses by using Spearman's correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for categorical data, and Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis.ResultsThematic analysis revealed two dimensions: 1) factors leading to estrangement, and 2) manifestations of estrangement. As for the initial, participants thought that P4P affected relationships at work; family and social relationships; working conditions; quality of the specialty training; quality of healthcare services; and it caused healthcare system-related consequences. Concerning the latter, the following themes emerged: Estrangement of the physician; damaging effects on physician's psychology; physician's perception of their future life; and physician as a moral agent. According to EFA, a 5-factor structure was appropriate: F1) Estrangement; F2) adverse effects on the physician's quality of life; F3) favorable consequences; F4) physicians becoming disreputable; F5) unfavorable consequences.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that under P4P, physicians have become more estranged towards their profession, their patients, and themselves. They suffer from deteriorating working conditions, lack of motivation, lack of work-related satisfaction, and hopelessness regarding their future. Furthermore, P4P impairs their ability to realize themselves as moral subjects practicing in alignment with professional values and principles