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Aproximaciones al urbanismo climático: respuestas fragmentadas desde las ciudades andinas
No full textInternational audienceLas dinámicas urbanas y las especificidades geográficas en múltiples escalas juegan un rol fundamental en las relaciones complejas que unen ciudades y ambiente en los Andes, más aún en un contexto de cambio climático que maximiza la velocidad de los procesos y las dinámicas desiguales. Ciertamente, los gobiernos locales son actores clave en la mitigación, adaptación y la resiliencia ante el calentamiento global, pero tienen capacidades diferenciales para comprender, planificar y actuar frente a los desafíos. El resultado es un proceso incremental y heterogéneo con divergencias entre los mecanismos de reporte nacional y las propuestas de acción a escala local. En este ámbito, los proyectos internacionales y las redes transnacionales cumplen una función de difusión e incidencia en la formulación de políticas y estrategias de acción climática, en particular aquellas que aportan a la movilidad urbana sostenible, las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza, la gestión de recursos hídricos y la economía circular. Sin embargo, dichas intervenciones se realizan de manera fragmentada, con desafíos para la inversión en infraestructura resiliente que proyecte escenarios de clima futuro y vulnerabilidad socio-territorial
Mariage et consentement : « Devoir conjugal » ou simplement « viol entre époux » ?
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Recours relatif aux conditions de détention : reformatio in pejus possible en appel – Obs. Cour de cassation, crim. 8 janvier 2025
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Compte rendu de l’ouvrage de Bernard Ribémont, « Car me jugez le dreit ». Droit et justice dans l’épopée médiévale
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Renewable diesel and bio-aromatics production from waste cooking oil using ethanol as a hydrogen donor in deoxygenation reaction
No full textInternational audienceBiofuels offer a promising solution in the fight against climate change. With a global increase in waste cooking oil, this research investigated the production of bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD) from waste cooking oil, using ethanol as a hydrogen donor in the deoxygenation process. A hydrolyzed waste cooking oil model compound served as the feedstock, and the deoxygenation was performed at 300–400 °C. The catalysts used in the experiments were 2.6 wt% Ni and 7.8 wt% Mo (2.6Ni-7.8Mo) and 10 wt% Ni and 5 wt% Mo (10Ni-5Mo) on γ-Al2O3. The results showed that ethanol is an effective hydrogen donor for biofuel production without the need for external hydrogen at an elevated pressure. The increasing temperature enhanced the free fatty acid (FFA) conversion and n-alkane selectivity in the oil product, with the highest FFA conversion and alkane selectivity of 100 % and 46 %, respectively, observed at 400 °C for the sulfided 10Ni-5Mo catalyst. On the other hand, 2.6Ni-7.8Mo offers 100 % FFA conversion with a lower n-alkane selectivity of 35 % at identical temperatures. The total acid number (TAN) of the oil products decreased from 174.03 mg KOH/g of feedstock to 9.43 and 8.67 mg KOH/g with the sulfided 2.6Ni-7.8Mo and 10Ni-5Mo catalysts, respectively. Both the catalysts achieved similar heating values (∼43 MJ/kg) at 400 °C. This is a significant improvement to the HHV of the feedstock, which was 36.02 MJ/kg. Additionally, aromatic compounds, mainly BTXE (benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene), were also produced. Compared to glycerol as a hydrogen donor, ethanol more effectively increased n-alkane selectivity due to its higher effective hydrogen-to-carbon ratio (H/Ceff). Conversely, glycerol was more advantageous for achieving greater selectivity towards BTXE compounds due to its lower H/Ceff, which potentially leads to coke formation. Since aromatic compounds are intermediates in coke production, glycerol provides higher aromatic selectivity than ethanol. This study presents an alternative pathway for producing diesel fuel from waste cooking oil using ethanol as a hydrogen donor
BRC4Env, the French Biological Resource Centre for Environment
No full textInternational audienceBRC4Env is the environmental pillar of the French Research Infrastructure RARe. (https://www.agrobrc-rare.org/), led by the French National Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE). BRC4Env manages various biological and genomic resources for agroecological research and environmental health.Since 2018, France has been engaged in the world challenge of Global Soil to preserve soil fertility. BRC4Env network includes the European Soil Conservatory, used to monitor soil health, from microbiome to pollutants. BRC4Env aims also at monitoring biodiversity in the aquatic ecosystem, holding 460.000 ichthyological samples collected for 50 years and, the terrestrial ecosystem with one million arthropod specimens collected worldwide for over a century. BRC4Env manage also living collections of parasitoid Trichogramma and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi used in biocontrol and as biofertilizers, respectively.The catalogue of BRC4Env resources is accessible at the portal https://urgi.versailles.inrae.fr/brc4env/ and corresponding data (genomic, phenotypic, ...) are available for academic and socio-economic researchers. BRC4Env-linked publications are accessible at https://hal.inrae.fr/BRC4ENV.BRC4Env aims to provide a strategic delivery for academic and applied research in environmental health, support the agroecological transition and unravel mechanisms at stake in the adaption of species to climate and environmental changes such as pollution, emergence of pathogens or resistance
Long-term effects of high carbohydrate feeding in Nile tilapia broodstock on intermediary and carbohydrate metabolism in offspring through juvenile stage
No full textInternational audienceHyperglucidic stimulation involving high-carbohydrate (CHO) feeding in broodstock could be a practical tool for achieving nutritional programming (NP) in fish. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of high-CHO (HC) feeding stimuli on reproductive performance, and intermediary CHO metabolic responses in broodstock and its long-term impact on CHO and related metabolism in offspring. Two different CHO diets, HC/lowprotein (LP) and low-CHO/high-protein (LC/HP), were fed to mature female and male Nile tilapia. The HC/LP diet in female broodstock led to decreased egg weight, but increased fecundity and gonadosomatic index compared with that with the LC/HP diet. In females and males, blood metabolites, hepatic and muscular compositions, and CHO and its related metabolic responses at the molecular level reflected HC feeding. Similar CHO intermediary metabolic responses were found in offspring at 7-days post-hatching and 7 days after the first feeding, suggesting that the parental effects of CHO intermediary metabolism could be transmitted to offspring at early developmental stages. Modulation of intermediary CHO metabolic responses persisted in the juvenile offspring, with increased hepatosomatic index and hepatic triglyceride levels, muscular glycolysis induction, and suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis and amino acid catabolism. Juvenile offspring fed the HC diet also had more pronounced intermediary CHO metabolism, including glycogenesis, lipogenesis, glycolysis induction, muscular glucose transport, and suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis and amino acid catabolism. Collectively, the HC diet-mediated hyperglucidic stimuli in broodstock induced NP effects in offspring, which persisted through the juvenile stage
Straightforward Access to Pentafluorosulfanylated Phenols and Aminophenols via [4 + 2] Diels–Alder Cycloaddition Reaction
No full textInternational audienceHere is described a theoretical and experimental study of regioselective [4 + 2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions between electron-rich dienes and SF5-alkynes. These methods give straightforward and convergent access to SF5-phenols and aminophenols in short reaction sequences. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with reactivity tools, activation strain model, and energy decomposition analysis provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of these Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions involving an alkyne as a dienophile. We found that regioselectivity and reactivity originate from less destabilizing strain energy and reduced Pauli repulsion between occupied π-orbitals of the diene and dienophile, rather than from stabilizing highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) interactions. This can be ascribed to a higher degree of asynchronicity in the transition state of the privileged attack of the diene on the dienophile