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Mechanisms of novel Cr(III)/Zr(IV) impregnation and sodium silicates sealing of anodized aluminium alloy for enhancing corrosion performance
No full textInternational audienceIn the recent development of REACh compliant protective coatings, sulfuric acid anodizing and simple hydrothermal sealing have replaced the previous process based on hexavalent chromium. To optimize this route, a Cr(III)/Zr(IV) impregnation step has been optimized and applied on the sulfuric anodizing layer and prior to the hydrothermal sealing process. This Reach compliant filler improves the effectiveness of the corrosion protection, but this is not yet suitable for industrial certification of the Al2618A T851 alloy. The sealing bath formulation was then improved by adding sodium silicates to increase the level of the protection. Different sequences of coupled Ar+ etching/ XPS analyses highlighted the positive effect of the addition of sodium silicates in the sealing bath, in terms of ZrO2 precipitation enhancement. Indeed, without the use of Si-based additives in the hydrothermal sealing, only soluble non-protective oxyfluorozircona species are formed reducing the anticorrosive behavior of the coating. In addition, sodium silicates play an undeniable role in the leaching of fluorine from the impregnation layer reagents, promoting the precipitation of more protective ZrO2 entities and then improving corrosion resistance
La récusation au cœur de l'amnistie
No full textN° 42Bulletin d'information électronique trimestrielLa récusation au coeur de l'amnistieComme la Lettre ibérique a déjà pu en rendre compte (n° 40, sept. 2024), l'amnistie décidée par la loi organique 1/2024 du 10 juin 2024 pour la normalisation institutionnelle, politique et sociale en Catalogne est la grande affaire politico-constitutionnelle du moment. Et nul doute qu'elle annonce la plus importante décision qu'aura à rendre le Tribunal constitutionnel depuis longtemps. Mais, en guise de manoeuvres préalables aux joutes proprement contentieuses, l'activité de la Haute juridiction s'avère d'ores et déjà intense autour de la problématique du déport ou de la récusation de ses membres en ce qui concerne précisément leur participation à l'examen de constitutionnalité de cette loi qui, sans compter les amparo qui ne vont pas manquer d'affluer à son encontre, fait l'objet de 23 recours et questions d'inconstitutionnalité.Et comme le montrent les décisions prises récemment au sujet de la récusation du juge José María Macías Castaño, les hostilités, en grossissant à peine le trait, ont commencé, notamment entre la majorité progressiste et la minorité conservatrice du Tribunal constitutionnel qui, décidément, éprouve, s'agissant de litiges aussi sensibles que celui-ci, bien des difficultés à cacher ses dissensions politiques. Il s'agit plus précisément de deux décisions connexes qui, chacune à leur manière, révèlent les difficultés auxquelles peut donner lieu l'application du droit de récusation des juges constitutionnels, et qui, de concert, ont opposé assez frontalement les deux « bords politiques » composant la Haute juridiction.</div
Fostering Girls’ Active Lifestyles: Uncovering Barriers and Levers for Involvement in Physical Activities
No full textInternational audiencePhysical activity (PA) is linked to numerous health advantages, but adolescents typically demonstrate inadequate levels of PA, with girls engaging in less PA than boys. This study aims to explore the factors hindering and promoting PA among girls aged 11–18 years, examining how existing literature addresses these factors through an ecological framework. A scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews protocol. Six databases were searched between October 2022 and November 2024, and 41 articles published between 1993 and 2024 were analyzed. The main barriers to PA for girls were their relationship with their bodies and the influences of peers and teachers, while the main facilitators were social interactions, family or teacher support, and choice of activity. These findings highlight the importance of developing a socioecological framework that addresses personal, interpersonal, and environmental factors to enhance understanding of the issue of girls’ engagement in PA.l'activité physique (AP) est liée à de nombreux avantages pour la santé, mais les adolescents présentent généralement des niveaux d'AP inadéquats, les filles s'adonnant moins à l'AP que les garçons. Cette étude vise à explorer les facteurs qui entravent et favorisent l'AP chez les filles âgées de 11 à 18 ans, en examinant comment la littérature existante aborde ces facteurs à travers un cadre écologique. Une revue de la portée a été réalisée en utilisant le protocole Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (éléments de rapport préférés pour les revues systématiques et les méta-analyses, extension pour les revues de la portée). Six bases de données ont été consultées entre octobre 2022 et novembre 2024, et 41 articles publiés entre 1993 et 2024 ont été analysés. Les principaux obstacles à l'AP pour les filles étaient leur relation avec leur corps et l'influence des pairs et des enseignants, tandis que les principaux facilitateurs étaient les interactions sociales, le soutien de la famille ou de l'enseignant et le choix de l'activité. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance de développer un cadre socio-écologique qui prenne en compte les facteurs personnels, interpersonnels et environnementaux afin d'améliorer la compréhension de la question de l'engagement des filles dans l'AP.Traduit avec DeepL.com (version gratuite
(Re)définition de la catégorie des infractions sexuelles en droit pénal
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La question du divorce au prisme du roman policier anglais (1920-1970)
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Benchmarking CO2 Storage Simulations: Results from the 11th Society of Petroleum Engineers Comparative Solution Project
No full textInternational audienceThe 11th Society of Petroleum Engineers Comparative Solution Project (shortened SPE11 herein) benchmarked simulation tools for geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage. A total of 45 groups from leading research institutions and industry across the globe signed up to participate, with 18 ultimately contributing valid results that were included in the comparative study reported here. This paper summarizes the SPE11. A comprehensive introduction and qualitative discussion of the submitted data are provided, together with an overview of online resources for accessing the full depth of data. A global metric for analyzing the relative distance between submissions is proposed and used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the submissions. This analysis attempts to statistically resolve the key aspects influencing the variability between submissions. The study shows that the major qualitative variation between the submitted results is related to thermal effects, dissolution-driven convective mixing, and resolution of facies discontinuities. Moreover, a strong dependence on grid resolution is observed across all three versions of the SPE11. However, our quantitative analysis suggests that the observed variations are predominantly influenced by factors not documented in the technical responses provided by the participants. We therefore identify that unreported variations due to human choices within the process of setting up, conducting, and reporting on the simulations underlying each SPE11 submission are at least as impactful as the computational choices reported
Evaluation of pure shift NMR methods for the analysis of complex metabolite mixtures with a benchtop NMR spectrometer
No full textInternational audienceCompact, low-cost and cryogen-free benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers have become an attractive option for analysing complex biological mixtures. The implementation of spectral simplification methods such as pure shift spectroscopy is particularly important to circumvent the ubiquitous peak overlaps that occur due to the limited resolution of compact instruments. Pure shift (PS) strategies consist of eliminating the signal multiplicity induced by the homonuclear J-couplings observed in 1D 1H NMR spectra, thereby simplifying the spectral information. This paper provides an analytical evaluation of optimised pure shift spectroscopy pulse sequences for the analysis of metabolite mixtures on a recent benchtop NMR spectrometer. Six PS pulse sequences were carefully evaluated, based on three families of PS techniques: 1D projections of 2D J-resolved spectra, Zangger–Sterk (ZS) and PSYCHE. The methods were evaluated in terms of resolution, sensitivity, spectral purity and repeatability. Among the strategies we explored, 1D projections of 2D J-resolved double-echo (J-RES DE) spectra, combined with an improved processing strategy, appeared to offer the best compromise based on these analytical criteria. The potential of this method was illustrated on a complex sample from the food industry and enabled key metabolites to be detected with improved resolution and sensitivity, showing that PS NMR could be used for a rapid (22 minutes) profiling of complex metabolite mixtures on a benchtop NMR spectrometer
StoichLife: A Global Dataset of Plant and Animal Elemental Content
No full textInternational audienceStoichLife: a Global Dataset of Plant and animal Elemental Content angélica L. González et al. # the elemental content of life is a key trait shaping ecology and evolution, yet organismal stoichiometry has largely been studied on a case-by-case basis. this limitation has hindered our ability to identify broad patterns and mechanisms across taxa and ecosystems. To address this, we present StoichLife, a global dataset of 28,049 records from 5,876 species spanning terrestrial, freshwater, and marine realms. Compiled from published and unpublished sources, StoichLife documents elemental content and stoichiometric ratios (%C, %N, %P, C:N, C:P, and N:P) for individual plants and animals. the dataset is standardized and, where available, includes information on taxonomy, habitat, body mass (for animals), geography, and environmental conditions such as temperature, solar radiation, and nutrient availability. By providing an unprecedented breadth of organismal stoichiometry, StoichLife enables the exploration of global patterns, ecological and evolutionary drivers, and context-dependent variations. this resource advances our understanding of the chemical makeup of life and its responses to environmental change, supporting progress in ecological stoichiometry and related fields.</div
Saisir les reconfigurations différenciées du mouvement des Gilets jaunes dans deux territoires français au prisme des environnements socio-spatiaux
No full textNational audienceÀ partir d’une double enquête ethnographique consacrée aux recompositions du mouvement des Gilets jaunes dans deux « espaces sociaux localisés » du centre et du sud-ouest de la France, cette communication vise à appréhender les reconfigurations différenciées de la contestation à l’aune des environnements socio-spatiaux dans lesquels elle s’inscrit. Nous dévoilerons que l’environnement socio-spatial explique les trajectoires distinctes suivies par le mouvement dans les deux territoires étudiés
Unveiling Potato Cultivars With Microbiome Interactive Traits for Sustainable Agricultural Production
No full textInternational audienceRoot traits significantly shape rhizosphere microbiomes, yet their interaction with microbes is often overlooked in plant breeding programs. Here, we propose that selecting modern cultivars based on microbiome interactive trait (MIT), such as root biomass, exudate patterns and the rhizosphere microbiome, can enhance agricultural sustainability by interacting effectively with soil microbiomes, which in turn, promotes plant growth and resistance to stress, thereby reducing reliance on synthetic crop protectants. Through a stepwise selection process (in silico and in vitro) that started with approximately 1000 potato genotypes, we chose 51 potato cultivars based on known phenotypical properties and distinct root exudate patterns. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to evaluate their capacity to interact with the soil microbiome and to assess their MIT scores. Our findings revealed that cultivars significantly influence plant growth, metabolite profiles, and rhizosphere fungal community composition. Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between microbial community diversity and root biomass. Additionally, leaf metabolites were correlated with rhizosphere bacterial composition, supporting the plant holobiont framework. Utilising z‐scores, we aggregated all data related to plant growth, metabolomes, and microbiomes, creating a classification of 51 cultivars based on a gradient of MIT scores. By examining the distribution of low, intermediate, and high MIT, we identified a group of 11 potato cultivars suitable for further studies to assess their resilience and productivity under low‐input production systems. This study provides an in‐depth correlation between microbiome and several plant traits across 51 cultivars, offering tools to facilitate and expedite the incorporation of microbiome traits into breeding goals to support sustainable agriculture