HAL Portal UPPA (University of Pau and the Pays de l'Adour)
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Assessment of the impact of the irradiation process on the final properties of radiation-resistant polypropylene materials used for medical devices
No full textInternational audienceThe global demand for sterile medical devices is increasing due to technological advancements and growing health care needs. Although Electron beam (EB) and X-ray have existed for a long time, they have been less utilized compared to other sterilization methods such as ethylene oxide and Gamma irradiation. Currently, their application is developing, offering new possibilities in response to a rapidly expanding sterilization market. This study assesses the impact of these irradiation techniques on polypropylene (PP) materials used in medical devices, focusing on their mechanical properties, structural changes, and color stability. PP is known for its sensitivity to irradiation, which makes the evaluation of its properties under different irradiation conditions particularly relevant. Three different PP grades, with varying radiotolerance claims, were exposed to controlled irradiation doses (30, 45, and 85 kGy). Analyses including electron spin resonance (ESR), rheology, tensile testing and colorimetry were carried out. They were also employed in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). The results allowed to evaluate irradiation-induced modification. Results indicate that Gamma irradiation induces the most significant degradation due to its low dose rate, leading to increased chain scission and oxidation effects. E-beam irradiation has the least impact, while X-ray effects are generally lower to Gamma irradiation at equivalent doses. The study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate PP formulations to ensure optimal post-irradiation performance, particularly in the context of transitioning from traditional sterilization methods to E-beam or emerging X-ray technology
Voyages pittoresques dans les anciennes Pyrénées. Des artistes à la découverte de la montagne au XIXe siècle
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L’habitus frontalier à l’épreuve, ou les populations du Pays Basque à l’ère de la délimitation (v. 1780-1900)
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Understanding today's ‘shifting political sands’ in Northern Ireland through the history of the notion of consent
No full textInternational audienceThis article examines the impact of Brexit on devolution in Northern Ireland by tracing the historical evolution of consent as a key constitutional principle. It argues that today’s ‘shifting political sands’ stem not only from changing public opinion, but from long-term transformations in how consent has been defined, legitimised, and exercised. The study shows that consent has moved through distinct phases: from parliamentary control (1921–49) to a dual parliamentary-public source of legitimation (1969–72), and finally to exclusive reliance on a public referendum in and after the 1973 border poll. The 1998 Belfast/Good Friday Agreement reaffirmed the principle of consent, clarified its meaning and function, and, paradoxically, also contributed to placing its exercisability in abeyance, creating a mechanism that is well-defined yet rarely, if ever, exercised. Therefore, this article argues that current debates on the border poll are less about choosing between devolution, direct rule or unity, and more about whether the referendum mechanism of consent is actually exercisable in light of its history consisting of a precedent implemented under exceptional conditions, followed by decades of non-use. It concludes that the viability of devolved institutions also depends on strengthening the parliamentary and interparliamentary channels – in Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland (RoI) – to increase the levels of approval for the consultation process
Responsabilité pénale d'un dirigeant pour un contrat qu'il n'a pas signé
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Siège social et actes de procédure : confirmation du principe de sécurité pour les personnes morales
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Does ownership structure impact the integration of circular economy principles in agriculture?
No full textCircular economy is a promising approach aimed at slowing down the use of natural resources, at lessening landscape and habitat disruption, which induces both reducing greenhouse gas emissions and helping limiting biodiversity loss. However, it scarcely explicitly takes into account the social dimension. As a developing field, it appears useful to try to shed some light on this issue. This article examines whether integrating financial incentives and cooperative values may enhance the adoption of environmentally-friendly consumption and production through a duopoly model in a food market with endogenous prices and qualities and heterogeneous consumers and producers. The two farmers differ in their use of fertilizers, one employs an organic input, which stems from organic wastes, and the second one uses a chemical one while the two consumers have a different willingness-to-pay for quality. We examine three cases, first when the farmers decide to sell directly their production to consumers, when they delegate to a private company the sale of their products and last when they pool together their production in a cooperative. In this paper, we try to find out how circular agriculture can contribute to the improvement of farmers revenue and how the organization structure can influence the choice for quality. Results suggest that rewarding compost increases consumer surplus while being involved in the cooperative enhances the production of high quality goods
L’artiste face au défi des différences dans l’espace francophone
No full textInternational audienceAlors que la mondialisation tend à rimer avec uniformisation, la création artistique constitue l’un des « espaces refuges » où s’exprime et se manifeste la différence, sous des formes variées. Caractérisé par sa diversité et son ouverture, mais aussi marqué dans son histoire par la discrimination, et pour certains pays du Sud par le fait colonial, l’espace francophone se prête à l’exploration de cette problématique. Cet ouvrage est le fruit de la réflexion de chercheurs de dix pays, réunis à Biarritz en 2023, à l’invitation du Réseau FrancophoNéA, en partenariat avec le Théâtre du Versant
L’organisation locale de la prescription médicale d’activité physique en Nouvelle-Aquitaine : quels enjeux de justice spatiale ?
No full textInternational audienceDepuis 2016, la prescription d’activité physique adaptée par le médecin est inscritedans le Code de la santé publique. Des projets portés par les services déconcentrés del’État visent à organiser les parcours des personnes ayant une prescription. Cependant,en s’appuyant sur les initiatives déjà existantes, ces politiques pourraient reproduireune inégale répartition spatiale des programmes. Cela soulève des enjeux de justicespatiale. Dans cet article, les conceptions de la justice sociale et spatiale des différentsacteurs concernés et les stratégies mises en oeuvre pour agir sur la distribution desprogrammes, leur accessibilité et la participation des bénéficiaires aux décisions ontété interrogées. Nous avons donc mené une étude de cas sur le dispositif dePrescription d’exercice physique pour la santé en Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Des entretienssemi-directifs (n=15) auprès des acteurs impliqués et une analyse des documents decadrage de ce dispositif et de la politique de sport santé ont été réalisés. Il ressort deces travaux que les stratégies adoptées pour agir sur la distribution des programmesrelèvent principalement d’une conception redistributive de la justice. De plus, lescoordonnateurs territoriaux jouent un rôle central dans le développement decapabilités. La participation des bénéficiaires reste quant à elle un impensé de cettepolitique, se limitant à une expression individuelle qui empêche la constructioncollective d’un contre-discours
Unlocking the subsurface through knowledge controversy : how earthquakes induced by deep geothermal drilling have politicized the subsurface environment
No full textInternational audienceThe expansion of geothermal energy extraction from new geological contexts in France is prompting the development of ‘enhanced’ geothermal systems (EGS). However, the subsurface is a complex environment in which multiple uncertainties arise because of its confinement, both physical and in terms of access to knowledge and power, and which cannot easily be modified. We analyse how the seismicity induced by geothermal drilling in the Strasbourg region (France) has given rise to a public debate that has brought the subsurface out of its confinement and into political and civic arenas in particular. To attempt to understand how this occurred, we analysed interviews, press reports and grey literature, from which it transpired, firstly, that the cause of the earthquakes can be traced back to negligence and a culture of confidentiality on the part of the operating company, which underestimated certain models and failed to seek any outside opinion. Secondly, failures in the enforcement of subsurface regulations at the central government level were found to be due to a loss of expertise in the relevant government departments as a result of government reforms, which subsequently led to a reform of the mining code to re-establish a measure of control. Thirdly, we found that the earthquakes triggered the involvement of new interested parties, particularly from the civic and political spheres, which brought out issues relating to environmental and risk management through demands for more open access to knowledge about the subsurface. In effect, these earthquakes were the catalyst that enabled subsurface issues to break out of the expert sphere and into political and citizens’ arenas. However, what emerges is a process of politicization of subsurface environments that is still incomplete : the positions of the various players are open to question as regards governance, which, notwithstanding emerging demands, remains in the hands of central government and industrialists with little prospect of broader involvement