HAL Portal UPPA (University of Pau and the Pays de l'Adour)
Not a member yet
42255 research outputs found
Sort by
How metabolites and metabolism in aquatic biofilms reveal ecological responses to global change and their interactions
No full textInternational audienceMicrobial communities are central to ecosystem functioning, contributing to nutrient cycling, bioremediation, and primary production. Yet, understanding in situ microbial interactions and their responses to environmental changes and chemical stressors remains a significant challenge with implications for evolution, human, animal, and environmental health, as well as biotechnology. Studies of microbial metabolites and metabolism provide valuable insights into microbial activity and microbe environment interactions. They reveal community responses, including acclimatation and adaptive strategies under stress, further linking metabolomes to biogeochemical processes and phenotypic traits in dynamic environments. Also, exometabolome analysis re-veals metabolic exchanges (e.g., cross feeding) shaping community diversity and function. However, gaps in spatiotemporal metametabolome dynamics and its ties to taxonomy hinder predictions of ecosystem structure and function, limiting actionable insights for conservation and management. Microbial biofilms in temperate climates, composed of most Life Kingdoms living in various habitats and driving ecological pro-cesses, could tackle this challenge. Recent studies use functional (photosynthesis, respiration) and structural (community composition) descriptors to assess stressor impacts on these communities but often focus narrowly on autotrophs or hetero-trophs, offering incomplete insights. These methods may lack sensitivity to detect early chemical stress or microbial interactions and overlook molecular mechanisms. Omics approaches including metabarcoding, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metametabolomics emerge as vital tools to comprehensively analyze biofilm responses, revealing taxonomic, genetic, and metabolic dynamics under environ-mental stress. Especially, untargeted metametabolomics analyzes thousands of me-tabolites from microbes environment interactions, revealing stress adaptations and bioactive chemicals, but faces technical hurdles in aquatic biofilm studies. Recent advances like mass spectrometry imaging and fluxomics improve spatial and tempo-ral metabolite tracking. Integrating these methods into a unified framework could de-code microbial acclimation and chemical interactions. Further multiomics integration could bridge gaps in understanding biofilm resilience and ecological functioning in the global change context
Indicateurs clés dans les classements mondiaux des universités : quelques considérations pour la prise de décision stratégique
No full textInternational audienceDiese Studie untersucht den Einfluss internationaler Hochschulrankings auf das Universitätsmanagement in Lateinamerika. Ziel ist es, die in diesen Rankings verwendeten Hauptindikatoren zu identifizieren und zu analysieren sowie deren Auswirkungen auf strategische Entscheidungen zu untersuchen. Zur Erforschung des Zusammenhangs zwischen den Indikatoren und dem Hochschulmanagement wurde die Methodik einer theoretischen Literaturübersicht angewandt. Die Ergebnisse, die auf einer systematischen Analyse der Kernindikatoren und deren dokumentierten Auswirkungen auf institutionelle strategische Entscheidungen basieren, zeigen die spezifischen Bereiche auf, in denen diese Indikatoren einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Reputation und die globale Positionierung ausüben, insbesondere im lateinamerikanischen Kontext. Die Studie schließt mit der Hervorhebung einer kritischen Betrachtung der Ranking-Indikatoren ab und bietet Empfehlungen für die strategische Entscheidungsfindung an lateinamerikanischen Universitäten. Diese zielen auf gezielte Verbesserungen in Bereichen wie Forschungsqualität, Internationalisierung und Talentakquise ab und tragen somit zur Wissenserweiterung im Bereich der Hochschulbildung in der Region bei.This study explores the influence of international university rankings on university management in Latin America. The objective is to identify and analyze the main indicators used in these rankings and their impact on strategic decisions. A theoretical review methodology was employed to explore the relationship between the indicators and university management. The results, derived from a systematic analysis of key ranking indicators and their documented impact on university strategic decisions, reveal the specific areas where these indicators exert substantial influence on institutional reputation and global positioning, particularly within the Latin American context. The study concludes by emphasizing the critical consideration of ranking indicators and by providing recommendations for strategic decision-making in Latin American universities aimed at targeted improvements in areas such as research quality, internationalization, and talent attraction, thereby contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the field of higher education in the region.Este estudio explora la influencia de los rankings universitarios internacionales en la gestión universitaria en América Latina. El objetivo es identificar y analizar los principales indicadores utilizados en estos rankings y su impacto en las decisiones estratégicas. Se empleó una metodología de revisión teórica para examinar la relación entre los indicadores y la gestión universitaria. Los resultados, derivados de un análisis sistemático de los indicadores clave de los rankings y de su impacto documentado en las decisiones estratégicas de las universidades, revelan las áreas específicas en las que estos indicadores ejercen una influencia sustancial sobre la reputación institucional y el posicionamiento global, particularmente en el contexto latinoamericano. El estudio concluye destacando la importancia crítica de considerar los indicadores de los rankings y ofreciendo recomendaciones para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en las universidades de América Latina, orientadas a mejoras focalizadas en áreas como la calidad de la investigación, la internacionalización y la atracción de talento, contribuyendo así al avance del conocimiento en el campo de la educación superior en la región.Cette étude explore l'influence des classements internationaux des universités sur la gestion universitaire en Amérique latine. L'objectif est d'identifier et d'analyser les principaux indicateurs utilisés dans ces classements ainsi que leur impact sur les décisions stratégiques. Une méthodologie de revue théorique a été employée pour explorer la relation entre ces indicateurs et la gestion universitaire. Les résultats, issus d'une analyse systématique des indicateurs clés et de leur impact documenté sur les décisions stratégiques institutionnelles, révèlent les domaines spécifiques où ces indicateurs exercent une influence substantielle sur la réputation et le positionnement mondial, particulièrement dans le contexte latino-américain. L'étude conclut en soulignant l'importance d'une prise en compte critique de ces indicateurs et en proposant des recommandations pour la prise de décision stratégique dans les universités latino-américaines. Celles-ci visent des améliorations ciblées dans des domaines tels que la qualité de la recherche, l'internationalisation et l'attraction de talents, contribuant ainsi à l'avancement des connaissances dans le domaine de l'enseignement supérieur dans la région
Central Activation of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy reduces Appetite by Fine-tuning Hypothalamic Amino Acid Pools: New Insights from Fish
No full textInternational audienceChaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a key lysosomal proteolytic pathway essential for cellular homeostasis and metabolism, with dysfunction linked to various human diseases. Although extensively studied in humans and mice, CMA was only recently identified in fish, paving the way for novel and evolutionary research perspectives. Here, we demonstrate a role for CMA in regulating feed intake (FI) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a major aquaculture species and a widely used model in numerous research fields, including physiology, evolutionary genetics, toxicology, immunology, and nutrition. Specifically, we observed that feed deprivation induces an increase in the CMA activation score—a reliable proxy for CMA activity—in the hypothalamus, a central brain region involved in the regulation of feeding behavior. To probe its functional relevance, we intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected the CMA activator CA77.1 and found a significant reduction in FI levels, suggesting a regulatory role for CMA in appetite. Further analysis suggested that CMA may regulate FI partly through changes in hypothalamic free amino acid availability, with ribosomal protein degradation potentially contributing to this mechanism. Through this mechanism, CMA may play a critical role in the precise regulation of satiety and also represent a promising target for therapeutic strategies aimed at treating metabolic disorders, as well as for nutritional interventions to improve feed efficiency and promote more sustainable growth practices in aquaculture
Propos introductifs. Le défi de la justiciabilité des valeurs de l'Union européenne
No full textInternational audienc
Propos introductifs. Le défi de la justiciabilité des valeurs de l'Union européenne
No full textInternational audienc
La cospatialité chez l’écrivain paysagiste : la stratification de soi dans les jardins d’Arnaga d’Edmond Rostand et le jardin des Romanciers de Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
No full textInternational audienc
Provenance Research and Due Diligence: When Historical Collections Become a Legal Dead End
No full textInternational audienceProvenance research on several historical collections, both private and public, has led me to observe that today many heirs of former collections find themselves at an impasse when attempting to sell or donate their inherited objects. The practical application of due diligence requirements concerning the verification of origin often works to their disadvantage, as in most cases the objects comprising these collections lack documentation allowing their provenance to be reconstructed. Consequently, the way provenance research is currently conceptualized and institutionalized can prove problematic. While it is presented as a new requirement of the art market—particularly in the fight against illicit trafficking of cultural property—the failure to take earlier modes of circulation into account may ultimately render provenance research counterproductive, especially in the field of antiquities
Telomere length can be estimated from fish scales
No full textInternational audienceTelomeres, repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes, are increasingly studied as biomarkers of physiological stress as well as ageing processes. In ichthyology, fish scales provide valuable information regarding life history and ageing and are thus often preserved in substantial collections. This study aims to adapt a quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) method to estimate relative telomere length (RTL) from fish scales archived in such collections. Using the brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) as a model species, we show that archived scales contain enough DNA to perform qPCR-based RTL measurement. RTLs in scales are on average higher than in fins, however we found no significant correlation between RTL values of both tissues at the individual level. Analysing archived scales originating from the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands introduced brown trout populations, we find substantial variation in RTL between rivers, age classes and body size
