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Représenter les données climatiques urbaines : sémiologie et géovisualisation
No full textInternational audienceLes approches et normes de représentation cartographique des outils SIG standards peuvent être éloignées des usages des différents types d’utilisateurs étudiant ou devant prendre en compte les phénomènes climatiques urbains (urbanistes, météorologues, climatologues, etc). Elles peuvent s’avérer insuffisantes pour représenter la complexité des phénomènes, caractérisés par une variabilité spatiale tridimensionnelle et temporelle. A travers les résultats de différents projets de recherche, ce chapitre s’intéresse aux nouvelles approches pour représenter et explorer les données climatiques à l’échelle urbaine. La première partie aborde la question des utilisations et des normes de représentation des données climatiques et météorologiques dans les zones urbaines et intra-urbaines densément peuplées, en tenant compte à la fois des besoins opérationnels et de la communication avec le public. Une seconde partie porte sur les approches de visualisation pour l’analyse de données simulées dans un contexte scientifique, et aborde les approches pour représenter ces données dans leur complexité, par l’usage d’outils 3D. Enfin, le chapitre aborde l’intérêt d’associer les utilisateurs à la conception des représentations graphiques des données climatiques
Integrazione dei dati Sentinel-2 nel modello SIMETAW per la valutazione del fabbisogno idrico per l'irrigazione e dell'evapotraspirazione
No full textInternational audienceWater management for crop irrigation has become a major consideration given the global scale implications of climate change and its impacts on water scarcity and security, with an increasing frequency of water restrictions in many locations during the summer months. As a consequence, decision-support tools are needed to evaluate scenarios of various agricultural practices in order to provide improved water management strategies. In this study, water requirements of orchards were assessed at the plot scale using the Simulation of Evapo-Transpiration of Applied Water (SIMETAW) model. This model was applied across a small Mediterranean watershed to evaluate and compare various water use scenarios. The standard version of SIMETAW integrates a simplified water balance model with a single uniform soil layer to calculate the crop water needs at the plot scale (Quantity of Irrigation QI). Evapotranspiration is computed using a crop coefficient specific to each crop type (Kc) and a water stress coefficient (Ks) derived from the water available in the soil (SWC). In this standard version, plots are categorized by crop type, with fixed Kc unchanged across years and between plots of the same crop type. To better capture the spatial variability of crops at the watershed scale, SIMETAW was modified to incorporate remote sensing data. Kc for each crop in the basin was estimated using the relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and fractional vegetation cover (FCOVER) derived from Sentinel-2 images. The modified SIMETAW model was then compared to the standard version in estimating irrigation water requirements, from the field level to the watershed scale. Model calibration was undertaken using distributed soil moisture measurements collected from 2021 to 2024. Data on water volumes used for irrigation together with farmer surveys were used to assess model performance in simulating QI both at the plot level, for thirteen distributed farms, and at the basin scale. Comparisons between the standard model version and the modified version (i.e. using Kc from remote sensing) are examined in relation to the accuracy of obtained water volumes. The model simulated soil water content (SWC) across the monitored orchards with good accuracy, providing R² values of 0.7 and 0.9 for simulation in 2022 and 2023 respectively. The simulation of the quantity of irrigation water in farms shows a strong correlation with reported data (R= 0.81). The application of the SIMETAW model to all the studied crop types offered an improved performance by incorporating the remote sensed Kc compared against the standard version, with an 17 % improvement of the water irrigation volume distributed against basin averaged irrigation volumes. Overall, the incorporation of Sentinel-2 data significantly enhanced the performance of the model by accounting for the variability in crop development across the catchment scale. By considering a typology of farms according to the irrigation practices (3 classes were defined according to observations and surveys, high, medium and low irrigation), the model was able to estimate water requirements with 10 % difference to the values provided by the manager of the water resources at regional scale ("Association Syndicale Autorisée" -ASA). Such information can prove particularly useful in helping to guide water managers in making informed decisions with regards to the dynamic management of water resources
ADONIS® WebApp & Mobile - Acquisition des DonnéeS à INRAE version application Web
No full textADONIS® (Acquisition of Data at INRAE) is an INRAE computer tool that meets the needs of INRAE experimenters for a modern data acquisition tool in the field.Adonis® is a functional tool, deployed at INRAE since 2013. In 2022, Adonis underwent a major evolution with the deployment of the new Adonis® WebApp and Adonis® Mobile application suite, developed as web applications.Adonis® assists the experimenter with their computer entries so that they can be made directly in the field. The use of the application suite ensures the reliability of the entries, ensures their traceability, and allows the sharing of experimental devices between users.ADONIS® (Acquisition des DONnées à INRAE) est un outil informatique INRAE qui répond aux attentes des expérimentateurs d’INRAE de disposer d’un outil moderne d’acquisition de données sur le terrain.Adonis® est un outil fonctionnel, déployé à INRAE depuis 2013. En 2022, Adonis a connu une évolution majeure avec le déploiement de la nouvelle suite applicative Adonis® WebApp et Adonis® Mobile, développée sous forme d’applications web. Adonis® assiste l’expérimentateur lors de ses saisies informatiques afin qu’elles soient directement réalisées sur le terrain. L’utilisation de la suite applicative fiabilise les saisies, assure leur traçabilité et permet le partage de dispositifs expérimentaux entre utilisateurs
"Car des Grezois ne des Romains / ne dit an mes ne plus ne mains" : translatio, renommée et mémoire dans Cligès de Chrétien de Troyes
No full textInternational audienc
A direct and practical approach to assessing the impact of emulsion composition on vitamin A stability
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/614000/)International audienceVitamin A is an essential micronutrient involved in vision, immunity, and growth. Despite its widespread use in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products, vitamin A is highly prone to oxidation due to its conjugated double bonds, leading to reduced biological activity and efficacy. While various formulation strategies have been explored to enhance its stability, there is a notable lack of stability data and understanding of vitamin A oxidation, particularly in dispersed systems. This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stability of vitamin A in model emulsions and identify how emulsion composition affects its degradation. Studying the influence of emulsion composition provides a better understanding of the possible oxidation pathways, including a nonradical pathway. An innovative method combining gentle emulsification via solvent displacement with real-time degradation monitoring was used. Retinyl palmitate (RP) demonstrated the highest stability compared to retinol (RO) and retinyl acetate (RA), due to structural and electronic factors. Among emulsifiers, the cationic type slightly improved stability by repelling positively charged pro-oxidant molecules. Three phenolic antioxidants, α-tocopherol (TOH), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and carnosic acid (CA), improved stability, with TOH being the most effective. However, early-stage degradation could not be completely prevented, suggesting the existence of a predominant nonradical degradation pathway. The impact of iron (Fe2+) was minimal and attributed to the low hydroperoxide production, reinforcing the hypothesis of a nonradical initiation. Additionally, electrostatic repulsion in positively charged emulsions further limited iron's pro-oxidant effect. These findings enhance our understanding of vitamin A oxidation mechanisms and highlight potential stabilization strategies for its formulation in emulsified systems
Accelerating Trust Convergence in IIoT: A ML Approach for Dynamic Network Conditions
No full textSymposium: Communication & Information Systems Security (CISS)International audienceIn Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environments, trust management plays a vital role in securing systems, especially when dealing with resource-constrained devices. Traditional trust models often overlook the impact of fluctuating network quality, leading to slower trust convergence and inaccurate assessments. In this paper, we propose a dynamic trust management solution, known as the Trust Convergence Acceleration (TCA) approach, which integrates Machine Learning (ML) to accelerate trust convergence under poor network conditions. Our model predicts the number of time units needed for trust convergence based on key network metrics and dynamically adapts transition probabilities in the trust model to enhance convergence speed. Using a simulation framework that incorporates realistic Wi-Fi channel conditions based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the TCA-based approach, achieving up to a 28.6% reduction in trust convergence time under challenging conditions. Furthermore, the proposed solution exhibits resilience in scenarios involving malicious nodes, improving trust evaluation accuracy. This work provides a scalable and adaptive trust framework for IIoT systems in dynamic industrial environments, ensuring robust performance under varying network conditions
La vescie a prestre - Édité d'après le ms. Turin, Biblioteca nazionale universitariaL. V. 32
No full textLa vescie a prestre - Édité d'après le ms. Turin, Biblioteca nazionale universitariaL. V. 3
Le segretain moine 1 - Édité d'après le ms. BnF fr. 2168
No full textLe segretain moine 1 - Édité d'après le ms. BnF fr. 216
Le chevalier qui recovra l'amor de sa dame - édité et traduit d'après le ms. de Bern Burgerbibliothek 354
No full textLe chevalier qui recovra l'amor de sa dame - édité et traduit d'après le ms. de Bern 35
Le charme 2 (Chastoiement d'un pere a son fils) - Édité et traduit d'après le ms. Bodleian Library 86
No full textLe charme 2 (dans le Chastoiement d'un pere a son fils) - édité et traduit d'après le ms. Bodleian Library 8