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Spectral indices and classifications of multispectral images for vector risk mapping
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/615037/)International audienc
How food processing and storage affect Bacillus cereus presence in pea protein-based products?
No full textInternational audienc
Metabolomics Signatures of a Respiratory Tract Infection During an Altitude Training Camp in Elite Rowers
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Respiratory pathologies, such as COVID-19 and bronchitis, pose significant challenges for high-level athletes, particularly during demanding altitude training camps. Metabolomics offers a promising approach for early detection of such pathologies, potentially minimizing their impact on performance. This study investigates the metabolic differences between athletes with and without respiratory illnesses during an altitude training camp using urine samples and multivariate analysis. Methods: Twenty-seven elite rowers (15 males, 12 females) participated in a 12-day altitude training camp at 1850 m. Urine samples were collected daily, with nine athletes developing respiratory pathologies (8 COVID-19, 1 bronchitis). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy was used to analyze the samples, followed by data processing with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), allowing to use Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) scores to identify key metabolites contributing to group separation. Results: The PLS-DA model for respiratory illness showed good performance (R2 = 0.89, Q2 = 0.35, p < 0.05). Models for altitude training achieved higher predictive power (Q2 = 0.51 and 0.72, respectively). Metabolites kynurenine, N-methylnicotinamide, pyroglutamate, propionate, N-formyltryptophan, tryptophan and glucose were significantly highlighted in case of respiratory illness while trigonelline, 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, glutamate, creatine, citrate, urea, o-hydroxyhippurate, creatinine, hippurate and alanine were correlated to effort in altitude. This distinction confirms that respiratory illness induces a unique metabolic profile, clearly separable from hypoxia and training-induced adaptations. Conclusions: This study highlights the utility of metabolomics in identifying biomarkers of respiratory pathologies in athletes during altitude training, offering the potential for improved monitoring and intervention strategies. These findings could enhance athlete health management, reducing the impact of illness on performance during critical training periods. Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to confirm these results and explore targeted interventions
A very picky eater: Species‐level prey selection in the endangered Rhone streber [ Zingel asper (L. 1758)]
No full textInternational audiencePrey preferences are important drivers of predator–prey interactions and trophic network structure. We present a species‐level selection analysis for the endangered Zingel asper (L. 1758) and its prey within the Baetis (Ephemeroptera) genus. By combining robust diet metabarcoding data with fine‐scale prey community data, we revealed that Z. asper selected four Baetis species differently, despite being largely considered as ecologically similar species. Our results suggest that fine‐resolution analysis of prey selection may be key for understanding trophic interactions and for improving the conservation and management of fish
On ANOVA-type decompositions of functions with non-independent variables: sensitivity analysis
No full textANOVA decompositions are widely used in uncertainty quantication with interesting properties when the input variables are independent. In this paper, we propose the unique decomposition of complex, computational models evaluated at nonindependent variables, which inherits ANOVA properties. The proposed dependent ANOVA (DANOVA) relies on the minimal, symmetric compositions of models by dependency models. An algorithm is provided for selecting such compositions, and the DANOVA is then used for proposing new sensitivity indices that are interpretable in terms of the percentages of the output variance due to each input and interactions. The main and total indices are exactly the Shapley eects of Gaussian inputs using linear models, but dier from Shapley eects in general. Minimum variance and unbiased estimators of DANOVA components; estimators of such indices; and application to computational, auto-regressive models are provided.</div
Wheat plant density estimation by inverting leaf density dynamics retrieved from submillimeter-scale RGB imagery
No full textInternational audienceThe European Plant Phenomics Symposium (EPPS), bringing together scientists from academia and industry as well as stakeholders dedicated to advancing plant phenotyping research and technology in Europe. This symposium provides a collaborative and interactive platform for sharing the latest innovations, methods, and applications in phenotyping with the goal to address the pressing challenges of sustainable agriculture, climate resilience, and food security across Europe and beyond
A field-applicable low-tech method for extracting capsaicinoids from red chili pepper: A field-applicable low-tech method for extracting capsaicinoids from red chili pepper
No full textInternational audienc
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation enhances nutritional quality of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruits and cladodes
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/614606/)International audienceThe effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on the chemical composition of the fruits and cladodes of two Opuntia ficus-indica cultivars, characterized by their red and yellow fruit color, were investigated under field conditions. AMF treatment was found to significantly influence the concentration of phytonutrients in the fruits. The concentrations of betacyanin and betaxanthin increased by 1.2- and 1.9-fold in red and yellow fruits, respectively. The polyphenol content increased by 50%, with piscidic acid being the most abundant polyphenol in the red fruits. A similar increase in ascorbic acid was observed in the yellow fruits. Regarding the cladodes, AMF treatment was found to significantly affect macronutrient levels, with glucose and fructose contents being 90% and 34% higher, respectively. Additionally, cladodes from plants grown with AMF inoculation showed a 20% increase in ascorbic acid and phosphorus. These results demonstrate cultivar- and part-of-plant-dependent effects of AMF inoculation and confirm the nutritional and sustainable potential of Opuntia ficus-indica, particularly when coupled with mycorrhizal biofertilization practices
Expérience du territoire des chefs d’établissement et territorialisation : comparaison France-Italie
No full textInternational audienceLa communication analyse la territorialisation des établissements scolaires en France et en Italie, en lien avec l’expérience territoriale des chefs d’établissement. Nous montrons que plus cette expérience est forte, plus la territorialisation est réussie. L’étude, menée dans l’arc alpin, révèle des freins (isolement, mobilité imposée) et des leviers (engagement local, autonomie). Elle propose d’étendre la réflexion à la territorialisation des didactiques