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Splenectomy during cytoreductive surgery in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer can be predicted
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Splenectomy may be necessary for complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (AS-EOC), potentially raising perioperative morbidity and necessitating specific patient management. Objective: This study aimed to develop a predictive score of splenectomy in CRS of AS-EOC. Materials and methods: Data from histologically confirmed AS-EOC (FIGO IIB-IV) before CRS and diagnosed between 01/01/2000 and 01/06/2017, were extracted from the FRANCOGYN multicentric database (14 French hospitals). After identifying predictive factors of splenectomy, we performed a logistic regression to develop a prediction model and construct a risk score, allowing identification of a high-risk group. Model discrimination was assessed using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) was then conducted to evaluate the model's net clinical benefit across a range of threshold probabilities. Results: Among 1288 patients included, 7 % (n = 91) underwent splenectomy. Four independent variables statistically associated with splenectomy were identified: age <60 years (aDOR = 1.76, 95 % CI [1.13-2.75], p = 0.015), omental cake (aDOR = 2.12, 95 % CI [1.11-4.08], p = 0.024), diaphragmatic carcinosis (aDOR = 2.36, 95 % CI [1.34-4.18], p = 0.001), and digestive involvement at initial CT and/or laparoscopy (aDOR = 3.24, 95 % CI [1.93-5.43], p < 0.001). The ROC-AUC of this prediction model was 0.76. Patients meeting all 4 criteria with a maximum of 10 points defined the high-risk group and had a splenectomy probability of 32 % (95 % CI [22.00-44.31]), with a specificity of 95.8 % (95 % CI [94.5-96.9]) and a positive likelihood ratio of 6.31 (95 % CI [4.08-9.78]). The DCA showed a positive net clinical benefit of the model between 15 % and 40 % threshold probabilities. Conclusion: Using a simple 4-variable predictive score, patients at high risk of splenectomy during CRS in AS-EOC could be identified to improve patients' preoperative information and perioperative management
Maximizing Regional Sensitivity Analysis indices to find sensitive model behaviors
No full textInternational audienceWe address the question of sensitivity analysis for model outputs of any dimension using Regional Sensitivity Analysis (RSA). Classical RSA computes sensitivity indices related to the impact of model inputs variations on the occurrence of a target region of the model output space. In this work, we put this perspective one step further by proposing to find, for a given model input, the region whose occurrence is best explained by the variations of this input. When it exists, this region can be seen as a model behavior whose occurrence is particularly sensitive to the variations of the model input under study. We name this method mRSA (for maximized RSA).mRSA is formalized as an optimization problem using region-based sensitivity indices. Two formulations are studied, one theoretically and one numerically using a dedicated algorithm. Using a 2D test model and an environmental model producing time series, we show that mRSA, as a new model exploration tool, can provide interpretable insights on the sensitivity of model outputs of various dimensions
Comparison of antioxidant efficiencies in oil‐in‐water emulsion using extracellular vesicles from olive co‐products or liposomes as antioxidants carriers
No full textInternational audienceOlive extracellular vesicles and synthetic liposomes were evaluated as carriers of antioxidants to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions against oxidative degradation. For this, hydroxytyrosol, rosmarinic acid and their lipophilic counterparts, (hydroxytyrosyl dodecanoate esters or eicosyl rosmarinate esters) were loaded into these carrier vesicles and the antioxidant efficiencies of these formulations were compared with those of the corresponding antioxidants alone. Using the conjugated autoxidizable triene assay (CAT assay), our results shows that loaded synthetic liposome mimicking the lipid membrane composition of olive extracellular vesicle allowed to enhance the antioxidant effect of the loaded antioxidant especially with the two lipophilic hydroxytyrosol and rosmarinic acid esters. On the contrary, the loading of the studied antioxidant into the olive extracellular vesicles did not result in an improvement of the antioxidant activity. The antioxidant effects of loaded vesicles were also evaluated in rapeseed oil (1% w/w)-in-water emulsions that were stored at 40 C for 21 days and for which oxidative status was monitored by the quantification of primary and secondary oxidation compounds. In that case, the boosting effect of liposomal carriers was not confirmed. This could be due to a different type of emulsions compared to the one used with the CAT assay as different surfactants and oxidation inducers were employed. Additionally, the limited physical stability of the carrier could be involved as liposomes loaded with the most lipophilic antioxidants, namely hydroxytyrosyl dodecanoate and eicosyl rosmarinate were shown to be instable for period exceeding 10 days of storag
Four contemporary problems in extreme value analysis
No full textThis article gives a summary of recent results on extreme value analysis that were presented at the Journées MAS 2024 in Poitiers. We first set the general background and motivation for these results, and we then discuss partial solutions to four contemporary problems in extreme value analysis: the construction of bias-reduced estimators of the Expected Shortfall (or Tail-Valueat-Risk) at extreme levels, extremal regression and inference in the presence of dependent data, multivariate inference about extreme quantiles using an analogue of the classical ANOVA method in regression, and improved estimation of tail risk measures using nonparametric resampling of multivariate Generalized Pareto distributions
Revealing the diversity and uses of Vitis vinifera and Olea europaea in medieval Morocco: archaeobotanical, morphometric and textual cross-approach
No full textInternational audienceAlthough the importance of vines and olives is well established in the medieval western Mediterranean, in Morocco, it has rarely been investigated other than through textual sources alone, due to the low number of archaeobotanical studies. The rapid development of archaeobotany in the past decade allows us to propose a first review on Vitis vinifera and Olea europaea medieval history, using a cross-disciplinary approach (carpology, anthracology, textual sources, geometric morphometrics), to document their past diversity, their use and their presence in the agricultural landscape. The archaeobotanical studies highlight the prominent role played by these two species during the Middle Ages, placing them alongside naked wheat and hulled barley among the most commonly consumed/used plants. Archaeological pips and stones clearly indicate the consumption of these fruits in a great part of the country, at least as far as the foot of the High Atlas and the beginning of the argan zone. The ancient exploited diversity is characterized by the morphometric approach, as well as by textual sources which specify the existence of dozens of grape and olive varieties as well as different types of products (wines, vinegars, verjuice, olive oil). Although the archaeobotanical data suffer from a certain geographical imbalance, with a greater number of sites studied in the north of the country, the discovery of crushing/pressing by-products remains and the importance of Olea in anthracological assemblages suggest the important role it played in the Haouz region, south of Marrakech, by the end of the Middle Ages
Revealing hydrodynamic key factors in dripper clogging: A coupled optical coherence tomography and numerical milli-fluidic simulation
No full textInternational audienceThis study introduces a novel method for analysing emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems by comparing optical tomography images (OCT) of clogging with hydrodynamic modelling (CFD) through statistical analysis. Utilising Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on data coming from modelling and images on a comparable format, turbulence kinetic energy was identified as the key hydrodynamic parameter influencing both kaolinite and biological clogging. The results indicate that turbulence kinetic energy is minimal at the inlet, correlating with the most severe clogging observed in this region. Two flow conditions were tested, with Reynolds numbers of 300 and 400. The higher Reynolds number (400) resulted in accelerated biofilm development and reduced kaolinite clogging compared to the lower Reynolds number (300), indicating a feeding effect correlated to flow speed and shear stress. This methodology offers new ways to study the relationship between modelling and images, leading to insights to understand mechanisms and optimise dripper designs. This method enables the determination of clogging localisation within drippers based on their geometry and can therefore be applied to various designs to enhance maintenance
Persistence of a wind-driven fire regime in Mediterranean France over the past 8200 years revealed by a marine paleoecological record
No full textInternational audienceData on paleofire activity in southeastern France during the Holocene are still lacking thus limiting our capability to anticipate fire regime shifts under climate change. Here, we present a 8.2 ky-long high-resolution time-series of microscopic charcoal (microcharcoal) particles from a marine sediment core retrieved from the Rhone prodelta, in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean Sea). Fire frequency, episodes, size and types of burnt vegetation were determined by quantifying microcharcoal and analysing its morphometry. Our results indicate an increase in biomass burning and fire frequency combined with a decrease in the mean elongation ratio from the Northgrippian (8.2–4.2 ka) to the Meghalayan (4.2–0 ka) stage. This pattern is interpreted as reflecting a shift from the burning of graminoids in closed mesophytic forests during the Northgrippian to the burning of shrub communities in open Mediterranean habitats during the Meghalayan. We also identified 20 fire episodes over the past 8.2 ka, occasionally coinciding with human occupations. Large fires occurred during cold events and summer droughts conditions of the Northgrippian. We relate this finding to negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and increased fuel load under wet winter conditions and fuel flammability under dry and strong summer winds. Besides climate and vegetation, human activity is likely to be an additional driver of fire during the Meghalayan. Southeastern France is currently identified as a region with a high wind-driven fire risk, although its fire regime analysis is biased by intensive fire suppression. We suggest that wind-driven large fires is an inherent element of fire and weather patterns in this area rather than the result of fire suppression strategies leading to uncontrollable large fires
"Les tresces" (version 1) de Garin - Édition, traduction et notes d'après le manuscrit BnF fr. 12581
No full textÉdition, traduction et notes des Tresces (version 1) de Garin d'après le ms. BnF fr. 1258
La pucele qui voloit voler - Édition, traduction et notes d'après le manuscrit Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Cod. 354
No full textÉdition, traduction et notes de La pucele qui voloit voler d'après le ms. Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Cod. 35