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Putting local communities (back) at the heart of knowledge production : a study of a biostimulant derived from fermented forest litter
No full textFermented forest litter (referred to as ?lifofer') is a biostimulant used by farmers across several regions in the GlobalSouth (Southeast Asia and Latin America) to enhance food crop performance through germination, plant growth,and biological control of certain fungi. It may also serve as a probiotic in animal husbandry, for building sanitation ordraining soils. The Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie (IMBE), via its Terre et Humanisme (T&H)network, has championed the reappropriation of lifofer, an agent scarcely recognised by farmers and largelyunderresearched in France, Europe, and Africa. IMBE has also benefited from farmers' knowledge to adjust itsresearch and better answer the agricultural field's questions about the use of lifofe
Les 85 couleurs d'Antoine Janot / Antoine Janot's 85 colours. Cahiers "Couleurs d’autrefois pour verdir notre monde" - I / Workbooks "Colours from the past for a greener world" -I: Cahiers "Couleurs d’autrefois pour verdir notre monde" - I / Workbooks "Colours from the past for a greener world" -I
No full textInternational audienceCrow’s wing, pomegranate flower, daffodil, emerald … the rainbow of hundreds of colours dyed by Antoine Janot and his workers, year after year, on the fine wool broadcloths produced in the south of France for export to the Levant. Who was Antoine Janot? A master-dyer at work during the Age of Enlightenment, a “dodgy adventurer, as reckless, haughty and dangerous as he is masterful a dyer”.This Workbook traces Janot’s life-long quest to create beautiful and fast colours. Tapping unexpected archive sources and combining experimental archaeology and colorimetry, it systematically explores his dyeing processes for colours obtained exclusively using natural colorants.It brings a pioneering contribution to the history of colours and colour nomenclature. It provides an invaluable inspiration and practical tool in today’s search for alternatives to the ongoing mass pollution of our environment caused by synthetic fibres and colorants.Aile de corbeau, fleur de grenade, jonquille, émeraude… l’arc-en-ciel des centaines de couleurs teintes chaque année par Antoine Janot et ses ouvriers sur les fins draps de laine exportés du Languedoc vers les « Échelles du Levant », au siècle des Lumières. Antoine Janot ? Un « aventurier sujet à caution, aussi inquiet, aussi haut et aussi dangereux qu’il est bon teinturier ».Ce Cahier le suit dans son parcours de créateur de couleurs. Chemin faisant, chacun de ses échantillons de teinture est caractérisé systématiquement des points de vue technique et chromatique, avec ses coordonnées colorimétriques dans l’espace CIELAB – un apport pionnier à l’histoire des couleurs.Une invitation à l’exploration de ces couleurs obtenues exclusivement à l’aide de colorants naturels. Une source d’inspiration et un outil précieux pour la recherche d’alternatives à la pollution massive de nos environnements par les fibres et colorants synthétiques
Clusters of test anxiety in lower secondary students: a cross-cultural comparison between France and Switzerland
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction:This study investigates test anxiety among French and Swiss students. By combining variable-centered and person-centered approaches, it examines cross-cultural and gender differences to identify student profiles and guide tailored educational strategies. Methods: A sample of 538 students (269 girls; M age = 13.43 years old) completed the French Revised Test Anxiety + Regulatory scale. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses were used to establish measurement invariance. Variablecentered analyses (t-tests, ANOVAs) and person-centered cluster analyses were conducted to assess differences by country and gender. Results: Measurement invariance across countries was confirmed. French and Swiss students showed similar overall anxiety levels, but Swiss students reported higher bodily symptoms. Gender differences were pronounced, with girls reporting higher levels of worry, tension, and bodily symptoms, and boys scoring higher in perceived control. Cluster analysis identified four profiles: Tense, Low-test-anxious, Mind-wandering, and High-test-anxious students. French students were more likely to fall into the "Tense" group, while Swiss students were overrepresented in the "High-test-anxious" cluster. Gender significantly influenced cluster membership, with girls more likely to be high in anxiety and low in control. Discussion: Educational context might influence the experience of test anxiety beyond cultural similarity. Early academic selection in Switzerland may increase stress responses. Integrating perceived control into the model of test anxiety enhances understanding of student profiles and supports the development of targeted educational interventions to improve emotional regulation and academic success.</div
Thermal transitions of fonio (Digitaria exilis) starch: modeling and phase diagram from DSC analysis
No full textInternational audienceThe thermal transitions of fonio (Digitaria exilis) starch were investigated over a wide range of temperatures (20–160 °C) and water contents (0.3–3.0 kg kg−1 dry basis) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with Gaussian deconvolution and thermodynamic modeling based on the Flory–Huggins equation. Three distinct endothermic transitions were identified: gelatinization (TG = 71−90 °C), crystallite melting (TM1 = 74−126 C), and amylose–lipid complex dissociation (TCx = 95−149 C). Under excess-water conditions, the total transition enthalpy was 15.0 J g−1, consisting of contributions from gelatinization (7.1 J g−1), melting (6.6 J g−1), and complex dissociation (1.3 J g−1). The gelatinization temperature stabilized at around 73 °C under excess-water conditions and increased to approximately 141 °C under dry-state extrapolation. The model accurately reproduced the peak shapes and enthalpy changes (R2 > 0.90) and predicted a residual unconverted fraction ∼ 10 % (w/w) at 100 °C, indicating incomplete complex dissociation during steaming. Compared with rice, wheat, and millet, fonio starch exhibited unusually shigh thermal stability and a persistent secondary (M1) transition, which is consistent with its high-amylose, A-type crystalline structure. These findings emphasize the distinctive multiphase behaviour of fonio starch and demonstrate the predictive capacity of the proposed model in optimizing hydrothermal processing and texture development in fonio-based foods
Cadres conceptuels et opérationnels mobilisés pour l’accompagnement et la transformation des pratiques des acteurs des mondes de l’art en faveur de la transition socio-écologique: Modération : Emilie Pamart, Maîtresse de conférences – Avignon Université CNE
No full textInternational audienceTable ronde à laquelle ont également participé David Irle, chargé d’études et de plaidoyer, Le bureau des acclimations, Bastien Dessolas, redirecteur technique, formateur Vectorworks, Yann Loric, directeur technique Friche de la Belle de Mai et représentant de l’association professionnelle des Responsables techniques du spectacle Vivant (REDITEC) – groupe de travail transition écologique, Stéphane Pinard, responsable du développement territorial, Friche La Belle de Mai
Activité de la mésofaune et dynamique de l'espace des pores du sol : analyse temporelle par microtomographie à rayons X
No full textInternational audienceMediterranean agroecosystems, which account for a substantial portion of European horticultural production, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This vulnerability is exacerbated by soil degradation, rising temperatures, and the increased frequency of extreme weather events. To ensure a successful agroecological transition in these regions, it is crucial to preserve the ecosystem services provided by soils. Soil fauna plays a key role in the exchanges between atmosphere and pedosphere through the edaphic fauna activity, thereby influencing the transfer of mass and energy within the soil, a porous and dynamic medium. This study focuses on the impact of bioturbation activities of enchytraeids on the structure of soil pore space. Enchytraeids are Annelida Oligochaeta that measure between 100 and 2000 µm in diameter and 6 to 50 mm in length. They are ubiquitous in soils and present in various ecosystems. Recognized as model organisms for their role in decomposing organic matter and as bioindicators of soil health, their bioturbation activity creates a network of galleries that remains understudied to date. Yet, a recent experimental study has demonstrated that enchytraeids modify the pore space configuration and shift the pore size distribution around their diameter. An ongoing experiment is set to observe the evolution of this pore space under the influence of enchytraeid bioturbation. This study aims to examine changes in the morphological and hydraulic properties of soil over time, using experimental mesocosms observed via X-ray microtomography. Three experimental conditions are being tested: (i) the presence of 60 individuals (30 E. bulbosus, 30 E. lacteus), representing a typical density of representative species in Mediterranean soils, (ii) 10 individuals (5 E. bulbosus, 5 E. lacteus), and (iii) no enchytraeids (control). The samples are then subjected to water transfer in a specially developed experimental rain simulator. The results highlight the importance of considering the modifications of pore space induced by soil mesofauna, a factor currently overlooked in models of energy and mass transfer at the soil profile scale
Palabras en acción: sobre la contaminación en el franquismo y en la transición (1939-1978)
No full textPendiente de publicaciónInternational audienceEste trabajo pretende analizar un estudio semántico de las palabras que aparecieron dentro de lo que hoy llamamos “contaminación y medio ambiente.” Nos interrogaremos sobre qué palabras se emplearon para nombrar la “contaminación” y el “medio ambiente” y qué evoluciones existieron a lo largo del franquismo y la transición a la democracia. Esta evolución es importante porque asistimos a una época de cambio de régimen, pasando de una dictadura a un Estado más democrático que el régimen anterior. Por otro lado, en los países europeos y americanos la ecología y el medio ambiente comenzaron también a desarrollarse .Para ello, nos hemos basado en textos científicos, de peritaje, institucionales, para un estudio desde arriba. Y del mismo modo para un estudio desde abajo de estas evoluciones léxicas contamos con las protestas, boletines clandestinos, carteles y propaganda diversa producida por grupos sociales diferentes. Nuestra investigación se centra en investigaciones de archivos municipales, regionales y nacionales, así como en bibliotecas del mismo recorrido.A continuación, describiremos cuáles son los orígenes de la lexicografía usada en los inicios del industrialismo, a lo largo de los siglos XIX y XX. Después, analizaremos la semántica empleada bajo el franquismo y la evolución de esta hasta la transición
“A participação de soldados berberes, núbios e sudaneses na conquista muçulmana da Península Ibérica (séculos VIII-XII)”, Vanicléia Silva Santos, (ed.), História Geral da África, X, África e suas diásporas, Paris, UNESCO, 2025, p. 537-550.
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Analyse combinée du risque d’inondation à Alger : couplage de la modélisation hydrologique-hydraulique « HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS » et la méthode multicritères (MCDM) par SIG
No full textInternational audienceThis study proposes an approach for mapping flood risks in Algiers by combining hydrological modeling (HEC-HMS), hydraulic modeling (HEC-RAS), and the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, one of Multi-Criteria Decision-Analysis (MCDA) techniques. The analysis is based on 30 years of climatic data, a digital elevation model (DEM), and various parameters such as TWI index, elevation, drainage density, slope, precipitation, land use land cover, and population density. The application of the AHP method revealed that the most flood-prone areas are primarily located in the coastal plains and the Mitidja. These areas are characterized by a dense hydrographic network and a topography favorable to water flow, which promotes water stagnation in low-lying areas, compounded by rapid urbanization
Unlocking investment for nutritionsensitive food systems research: turning N4G commitments into UNFSS+4 actions
No full textThe burdens of malnutrition continue to grow. Two billion people lack key micronutrients; by 2030, one child in five could be stunted and three billion adults overweight or obese. • Food systems are not nutrition-sensitive. Unequal food environments and certain trade regimes keep healthy diets out of reach for many households, while food industry stimulates demand for cheap, unhealthy ultra-processed foods high in fat, sugar and salt and soft drinks. • Structural barriers hinder progress. Short-term politicaleconomic incentives and power imbalances; sectoral silos (agriculture, aquaculture, nutrition, health, energy, environment, education or trade); fragmented global natural-resource governance; and a science-policy gap fuelled by misinformation. • Eleven research priorities can fill knowledge gaps. (1) sustainable and nutrition-sensitive agriculture, (2) local food systems and short supply chains, (3) climate change and environmental degradation (including land, water, ocean) impacts on food quality, diversity and safety, (4) trade-offs related to food processing (nutrient preservation vs. health risks vs. prices), (5) consequences of international trade on healthiness and sustainability of diets, (6) food environments impact on diets, (7) political and socio-economic drivers of diet, (8) equity in access to sustainable heathy diets, (9) multi-level governance and coordination, (10) true cost accounting and (11) nutrition-sensitive innovations. • Seven priority actions can unlock progress. (1) cross-sector coordination, (2) local capacity building, (3) multi-stakeholder partnerships, (4) inclusive policy design, (5) nutrition-focused social-protection schemes & inclusion of health in all policies, and (6) targeted funding for research on climate-resilient and nutritionsensitive food systems, (7) full integration of nutrition as an essential driver to the food systems transformation dynamics. • N4G pledges and the UNFSS+4 provide the financing window to turn these recommendations into support for research and innovation toward sustained, equitable action for healthier, more resilient and sustainable food systems