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Policy Brief: Unlocking the values of unseen food species: a cautious approach
No full textAll authors are members of the IRD’s knowledge community on sustainable food systems (https://www.ird.fr/la-communaute-de-savoirs-systemes-alimentaires-durables-syad)Ce Policy Brief est issu de deux journées d'échange interdisciplinaire et intersectoriel sur la contribution des espèces invisibilisées dans les systèmes alimentaires, journées ayant été organisées par la communauté de savoirs de l'IRD sur les systèmes alimentaires durables. Ce Policy Brief appelle à la prudence des espèces alimentaires invisibilisées des pouvoirs politiques et économiques, et formulant des recommandations pour éviter tout effet délétère.While global food systems predominantly depend on only 200 to 300 food species that comply with international standards and trade regulations, we estimate that between 20,000 and 40,000 species contribute to the diets of Indigenous Peoples and other communities. These species, however, typically operate outside of formalized and regulated socio-economic frameworks.Federated under different terms like "neglected" or "underutilized", these species are increasingly highlighted as a panacea to nourishing the world due to their nutritional qualities. However, we prefer to refer to them as "unseen", as these species are deeply embedded in local socio-cultural settings-shaped by ecological knowledge, identity, heritage, belief systems, practices, and community-based economies often overlooked. Despite their multiple values, unseen food species should not be dissociated from the complex food systems in which they are nested. Increasing their visibility without adequate safeguards can lead to local sovereignty loss, heightened demand and exploitation, uncontrolled commercialization and appropriation.Therefore, policies for their sustainable use should be promoted and comply with safeguarding procedures, such as those outlined in the Nagoya Protocol, and be co-constructed with local populations to ensure equity and long-term effectiveness for sustainable management
Environmental preferences of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) for egg-laying on a fringing reef pocket beach, Mayotte Island
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding the spatial ecology of sea turtles is essential to ensure their long-term conservation by the preservation of their environment. The distribution and environmental preferences for egg-laying by the green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) were studied on Grande Saziley beach in Mayotte (north of the Mozambique Channel). Green turtle nesting activity was geolocated during night patrols and the depth of specific nests was measured during two field campaigns in 2021 and 2022. Various original environmental parameters related to vegetation and beach morphology were extracted in a GIS environment based on this geolocated data using orthophotography and digital elevation models (DEMs) created by drones prior to field deployments. Sediment samples were also collected from the beach. Thanks to the combination of fieldwork and GIS analysis, this study makes it possible to examine a set of variables, which until now have rarely been studied simultaneously. The results showed that the Grande Saziley beach is a heterogeneous site with the distribution of egg-laying being concentrated in two hotspots. After principal component and GLMM statistical analysis, it appeared that gravid females preferentially lay in a low proportion of coarse sand at the bottom of the nest, at higher elevation and predominantly in surface sand with a low calcium carbonate content. This preference seems to be linked more to elevation, where black sand is mainly found at the top of the beach, rather than an intentional choice based on sand composition. No significant egg-laying site-related variables were found to explain the variations in nest depth. Our study was based on a new approach combining GIS techniques and drone surveys, enabling the collection of environmental parameters, a methodology that can easily be reproduced on other nesting beaches, reducing field workload. However, this work should be continued to assess the viability of sites for clutch survival while considering the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the environment
Syrphes de la Drôme : échantillonnage répété etnouvelles données départementales (Diptera :Syrphidae)
No full textNational audienceThis study is based on 301 specimens of Syrphidae collected in the Drômedepartment (France). The list of 65 identified species is provided, 26 of which are new for the Drôme department and the presence of Brachypalpus laphriformis is confirmed. The list for the Drôme now stands at 157 species.Among these data, two diachronic samplings of hoverflies in beech-fir forests were carried out at Vassieuxen-Vercors in 1998 and 2024. A total of 37 species were recorded. Of the 28 species captured in 1998, 8 were not found in 2024, and 12 species were added to the initial list. Comments and collection data are provided for new records in the department and for remarkable heritage species.Cette étude est basée sur 301 spécimens de Syrphidae collectés dans la Drôme. La liste des 65 espèces identifiées est fournie, parmi lesquelles 26 sont mentionnées pour la première fois dans le département, et la présence de Brachypalpus laphriformis est confirmée. La liste de la Drôme s’élève désormais à 157 espèces.Parmi ces données, deux échantillonnages de syrphes en hêtraie sapinière ont été menés à Vassieux-en-Vercors en 1998 et 2024. Un total de 37 espèces ont été recensées. Des 28 espèces capturées en 1998, 8 n’ont pas été retrouvées en 2024, et 12 espèces ont été ajoutées à la liste initiale. Des commentaires et données de récoltes sont fournis pour les nouvelles mentions départementales et les espèces patrimoniales remarquables
From Carbon to Societal Footprint: Geoscience Research in the Face of the Socio-Environmental Emergency
No full textInternational audienc
Cardioprotection from intradialytic exercise: a randomized trial
No full textInternational audienceBackground and hypothesis: Left ventricular (LV) regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs) related to transient ischemic events are well-documented during hemodialysis (HD). Intradialytic exercise (IDE) reduces the global occurrence of HD-induced RWMAs. However, the regionalization of its cardioprotective effects within the LV wall, and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: We conducted a prospective, crossover, randomized trial. 72 patients underwent two sessions: standard HD (HD-CONT) and HD with 30min of aerobic exercise (HD-EX). Segmental longitudinal strains (LS) were measured before (T0) and at peak stress (30min before HD-ending, Tpeak). An 18-segment model identified RWMAs, defined as a 20% LS reduction at Tpeak compared to T0. To evaluate the impact of circulating factors, we measured fractional shortening, Ca2+ transients and spontaneous Ca2+ waves (SCaW) following anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) in isolated rat cardiomyocytes pre-treated with human plasma ultrafiltrates (obtained at Tpeak in both sessions).Results: IDE significantly reduced RWMAs during HD-EX compared to HD-CONT (estimated difference: 1.1 segment, 95%CI: 0.33/1.90, p=0.009). A baso-apical gradient of RWMAs was observed during HD-CONT, with higher prevalence at the apex compared to the base (p=0.03). This gradient was abolished during HD-EX, suggesting greater apical cardioprotection. Pre-treatment of cardiomyocytes with ultrafiltrates from HD-EX improved fractional shortening, Ca2+ handlings and SCaW following A/R compared to cells pre-treated with ultrafiltrates from HD-CONT.Conclusions: IDE limits HD-induced RWMAs, and circulating humoral factors may contribute to this cardioprotection. IDE-induced benefits on RWMAs were greater at the apex. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous benefits of IDE on regional myocardial function
Mazan. Anthropologie d’un procès pour viols
No full textInternational audienceSeptember 2024. The Mazan trial sent shockwaves through society. The judicial event spilled beyond the walls of the courtroom, reverberating through families, workplaces and friendships, as well as intimate relationships. From the courtroom to the streets of Avignon and Mazan, a team of anthropologists set out to follow the proceedings. Their investigation gathered hundreds of testimonies — from journalists, lawyers, feminist activists, students, healthcare workers, shopkeepers, and many others — offering an unprecedented perspective on this event. This book captures the echoes of a trial that has become a mirror for society, revealing dynamics of power and the relationships between women and men. Written in a clear and compelling style, it invites readers to reflect on one of the most significant moments in the recent history of the struggle against sexual violence. Fourteen social science researchers, all specialists in gender studies, contributed to this book. (Book cover)Septembre 2024. Le procès de Mazan fait l’effet d’une onde de choc. L’événement judiciaire déborde de l’enceinte du tribunal et résonne dans les familles, les quotidiens professionnels, les relations amicales et amoureuses. Depuis la salle d’audience jusque dans les rues d’Avignon et de Mazan, des anthropologues ont voulu suivre ce procès. Leur enquête a permis de recueillir des centaines de témoignages – de journalistes, avocates, membres de collectifs féministes, étudiantes, personnels de santé, commerçantes… – offrant un point de vue inédit sur cet événement. Ce livre donne à entendre les échos d’un procès de société et ce qu’ils révèlent des rapports de pouvoir et des relations entre les femmes et les hommes. Un récit incarné, porté par une plume efficace et fluide, qui invite à penser un des moments les plus importants de l’histoire récente de la lutte contre les violences sexuelles. Quatorze chercheur·es en sciences sociales, spécialistes en études de genre, ont participé à cet ouvrage. Le travail d’enquête et d’écriture a été coordonné par Perrine Lachenal et Céline Lesourd (CNRS/Centre Norbert Elias UMR8562). (4e de couverture
Vivre les monuments : Quelles expériences des publics ? Quelques résultats du projet de recherche DEXCUPAT (2019-2023)
No full textInternational audienc
