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Contextualisation pédagogique et Pedagogical Content Knowledge en espace et géométrie au cycle 3 de l'école primaire en Polynésie française et en Guyane française
No full textInternational audienceIn this chapter, we question the practices of school teachers in French Polynesia and French Guyana on the contextualisation of their teaching in space and geometry, and then we compare these practices. The teacher in his functions makes choices that are influenced by his knowledge, his beliefs and his knowledge of contexts. What representations do teachers have of the contextualisation of their teaching? Can we identify contextualisation practices specific to the territories? We filmed six teaching-learning sessions, three in each of the territories, and paired Polynesia and French Guiana on the basis of the common geometrical theme addressed. We completed these observations with six semi-directive interviews. The data thus collected allowed us to determine the professional knowledge and beliefs of the teachers according to the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) model. We adapted the PCK model to the research by introducing elements of the contexts. It appears that teachers have very similar contextualisation practices in space and geometry from one territory to another. Contextualisation is essentially in reference to the micro-situational context of the pupil and of intermediate degree. The reference to socio-cultural and linguistic contexts is not very present and expressed only in terms of beliefs. It might be relevant to look at contextualisation practices in other mathematical domains at a time when contexts are explicitly entering teacher education. This could be a starting point for further research on the effects of contextualisation in mathematics teaching and learning.Dans ce chapitre, nous questionnons les pratiques de professeurs des écoles de Polynésie française et de Guyane française sur la contextualisation de leur enseignement en espace et géométrie, puis nous comparons ces pratiques.L’enseignant dans ses fonctions fait des choix qui sont influencés par ses connaissances, ses croyances et sa connaissance des contextes. Quelles représentations ont les enseignants de la contextualisation de leur enseignement ? Peut-on identifier des pratiques de contextualisation spécifiques aux territoires ? Nous avons filmé six séances d’enseignement-apprentissages, trois sur chacun des territoires, et avons opéré des binômes Polynésie/Guyane sur la base du thème géométrique commun abordé. Nous avons complété ces observations par six entretiens semi-directifs. Les données ainsi recueillies nous permettent de déterminer les connaissances et croyances professionnelles des enseignants suivant le modèle du Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). Nous avons adapté le modèle PCK à la recherche par l’introduction d’éléments des contextes. Il apparait que les enseignants ont des pratiques de contextualisation en espace et géométrie très proche d’un territoire à l’autre. La contextualisation est essentiellement en référence au contexte micro-situationnel de l’élève et de degré intermédiaire. La référence aux contextes socio-culturels et linguistiques est peu présente et exprimée uniquement en termes de croyances. Il pourrait être pertinent de s’interroger sur les pratiques de contextualisation dans les autres domaines mathématiques à l’heure où les contextes entrent explicitement dans la formation des enseignants. Cela pourrait constituer un point de départ aux développements de travaux de recherche sur les effets de la contextualisation dans l’enseignement-apprentissage des mathématiques
La demande d'abrogation de la loi du pays polynésienne, note sur CE sect. 7 avril 2023 Société Pacific MobileTelecom
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Deleterious behaviors and risks related to close interactions between humans and free-ranging dolphins: A review
No full textInternational audienceNature-based tourism has surged in recent years with the desire for up-close interactions and “connections” with wild animals. The conservation value, animal welfare considerations, visitor satisfaction, and profitability of wildlife tourism are often in direct conflict with trade-offs commonly accepted. In this paper, we reviewed more than four decades of literature on the deleterious behaviors and risks documented during close tourist and other recreational interactions between humans and free-ranging dolphins and encounters between humans and lone, sociable dolphins. Our compilation provides a geographical, chronological, and qualitative overview of these encounters, reviews both humans' and dolphins' deleterious behaviors during interspecific interactions and summarizes the main risks to both humans and dolphins during close encounters. Based on this review, we outline and discuss how both animal welfare and human safety should be managed such that these activities are sustainable; the demand for personal wildlife experiences continues to grow at an alarming rate and the economic pressures placed on wild animal populations run the risk of damaging the very environmental assets that support this industry if they cannot be managed effectively
Tua-‘Ite-Mā‘ohi ou pour une méthodologie autochtone de la recherche en contexte universitaire français
No full textInternational audienceThe question of identity, as conceived by Epeli Hau‘ofa in his celebrated essay Our Sea of Islands, offers countless perspectives and opportunities for the peoples of this part of the world. Indeed, this “ocean of islands,” which expresses the idea of a shared and interconnected space, also embraces every field of study, including that of Research itself. While in the English-speaking Pacific, the issue of methodologies and methods conceived, developed, and practiced by, for, and with Indigenous peoples has been explored and tested since the 1980s, it remains almost non-existent in French Polynesia. This communication therefore raises the multiple challenges involved in expressing this “oceanic” identity within research conducted in the French academic context. In the field of oral traditions, Indigenous research cannot be undertaken without observing specific protocols — such as the principles of gift and counter-gift, the values of respect and patience, the taboos surrounding certain forms of knowledge, and the dual apprehension of the visible and the invisible. It unfolds through a consensual process, one that adapts to circumstances while equipping itself with relevant and culturally grounded tools. Conceived within this spirit of openness, Tua'ite mā'ohi seeks to root itself in the authenticity of a people contributing to the enrichment of human diversity.La question de l’identité telle que la conçoit Epeli Hau'ofa dans son célèbre essai Our sea of islands offre tant de perspectives et d’opportunités aux Peuples de cette partie du monde. En effet, cet « océan d’îles » qui traduit l’idée d’un espace-réseau commun, inclut également tous les domaines d’étude dont celui de la « Recherche ». Si dans les pays anglophones du Pacifique, la question des méthodologies et des méthodes conçues et élaborées par, pour et avec les peuples autochtones est étudiée et éprouvée depuis les années 80, elle est quasi-inexistante en Polynésie française. Cette communication soulève par conséquent les défis multiples à relever liés à l’expression de cette identité « océanique » dans la recherche en contexte universitaire français. Dans le domaine des traditions orales, la recherche autochtone ne peut se faire sans les protocoles tels que le don et le contre-don, les valeurs de respect et de patience, les tabous sur certaines connaissances, l’appréhension du visible et de l’invisible… Elle s’inscrit dans un processus consensuel, qui s’adapte au gré des circonstances en se munissant d’outils pertinents… Conçue sur cette politique d’ouverture, Tua'ite mā'ohi voudrait s’ancrer dans l’authenticité d’un peuple participant à enrichir la diversité humaine
Pour un autre néo-platonisme : les Œuvres de Louise Labé au regard du De amore liber d’Agostino Nifo
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Du tatouage au(x) territoire(s) : quel ancrage du patutiki en Polynésie française ?
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Atoll islets reshaping processes induced by extreme cyclonic waves and calm weather. Evidence from two centuries of megablocks emergences and coral rubble displacements in Anaa, Rangiroa and Tikehau atolls (western Tuamotu archipelago - French Polynesia)
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding the islets morphodynamics of polynesian atolls requires a study of their evolution over several decades. These low-lying islands are exposed to highly variable ocean/weather conditions, especially high energy events. This study is based on a diachronic analysis of aerial photographs, in the field measurements and the U/Th dating of megablocks in three atolls in the western part of the Tuamotu archipelago. It presents an investigation of these dynamics from the 19th century until now. This period makes it possible to record the movements of sediments accumulated during decades of calm weather but also to observe the impact of moderate cyclones such as that of 1983. This article also highlights that exceptional cyclones such as those of 1822 and 1906 can dislocate the coral reef and move up the famous Rangiroa megablock whose volume has been significantly refined by photogrammetry at 369 m3. In Rangiroa and Anaa, we have identified three blocks weighting >500 tons that were put in place by these cyclones
Roadside sales activities in a South Pacific Island (Bora-Bora) reveal sustainable strategies for local food supply during a pandemic
No full textPublisher: Public Library of ScienceInternational audienceDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the reduced exports and imports as well as the lack of activity due to the interruption in the international tourism economy seriously impacted food security in many Pacific Islands. People often returned to natural resources to provide for themselves, their families, or to generate income. On Bora-Bora Island, the major tourist destination in French Polynesia, roadside sales are widespread. Our study analyses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on roadside sales activities through a census of roadside stalls on the five Bora-Bora districts conducted before (January and February 2020), during (from March 2020 to October 2021) and after (from November to December 2021) health-related activity and travel restrictions. Our results showed that the marketing system for local products (fruits, vegetables, cooked meals, and fish) increased in the form of roadside sales during the COVID-19 in two of the five districts of Bora-Bora. Roadside selling would be an alternative system for providing food to the population at Bora-Bora during a global crisis and that could reveal itself sustainable after this pandemic
Performance Assessment of the Innovative Autonomous Tool CETOSCOPE© Used in the Detection and Localization of Moving Underwater Sound Sources
No full textInternational audienceThe detection and localization of acoustic sources remain technological challenges in bioacoustics, in particular, the tracking of moving underwater sound sources with a portable waterproof tool. For instance, this type of tool is important to describe the behavior of cetaceans within social groups. To contribute to this issue, an original innovative autonomous device, called a CETOSCOPE©, was designed by ABYSS NGO, including a 360° video camera and a passive acoustic array with 4 synchronized hydrophones. Firstly, different 3D structures were built and tested to select the best architecture to minimize the errors of the localizations. Secondly, a specific software was developed to analyze the recorded data and to link them to the acoustic underwater sources. The 3D localization of the sound sources is based on time difference of arrival processing. Following successful simulations on a computer, this device was tested in a pool to assess its efficiency. The final objective is to use this device routinely in underwater visual and acoustic observations of cetaceans
Portraying the other: plastic and graphic forms of alterity on New Caledonian art, 1774-1900
No full textInternational audienceOne of the ways to observe the history of interactions between Pacific Islanders and Westerners lies in the documentation and analysis of both their artistic productions, in particular those produced by one community about the other.Sculpting, engraving or drawing the Other testifies for the integration of alterity, both in the way he/she/they are represented and by the choice of the type of artefact on which they are.These works of art testify to the links, relations and transfers which once existed, from the late pre-colonial to the early colonial period, between these worlds often percieved as antagonistic and segregated ; also, they complexify and enrich our vision and understanding of the cultural shock which the first decades of Western contact indeed represented for Island communities.From the study of these ambivalent objects, mostly Kanak-carved bamboo and Convict-carved shells many questions arise. But although they are usually set apart, because they differ by their status, their function, their trajectories, their value (ancient or modern), their heritage status… are they not in fact quite similar, as technical and aesthetized translations of a founding historical moment