HAL Portal UPF (Université de la Polynésie française)
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Integrative omics framework for characterization of coral reef ecosystems from the Tara Pacific expedition
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Coral reef science is a fast-growing field propelled by the need to better understand coral health and resilience to devise strategies to slow reef loss resulting from environmental stresses. Key to coral resilience are the symbiotic interactions established within a complex holobiont, i.e . the multipartite assemblages comprising the coral host organism, endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. Tara Pacific is an ambitious project built upon the experience of previous Tara Oceans expeditions, and leveraging state-of-the-art sequencing technologies and analyses to dissect the biodiversity and biocomplexity of the coral holobiont screened across most archipelagos spread throughout the entire Pacific Ocean. Here we detail the Tara Pacific workflow for multi-omics data generation, from sample handling to nucleotide sequence data generation and deposition. This unique multidimensional framework also includes a large amount of concomitant metadata collected side-by-side that provide new assessments of coral reef biodiversity including micro-biodiversity and shape future investigations of coral reef dynamics and their fate in the Anthropocene
Analysis of the organization in place to manage flood resilience in Tahiti urban area (French Polynesia), as a framework for risk observatory
No full textInternational audienceThere are real needs to innovate in risk management approaches to address issues of vulnerable territories such as French overseas territories identified as particularly exposed to natural hazards. This communication focusses on the Tahiti urban environment in French Polynesia, a dense urban area, subject to coastal and river flooding hazards. French Polynesia is a semi-autonomous territory with a specific institutional context. The distribution of competences, the main development perspectives, or the management plans are specific to this territory. In addition, significant gaps and weaknesses in risk management have been identified in a governmental report in 2018 (isolation, lack of management plans). Our objective is to define the conditions for a resilient territorial organization for flood risk management, to highlight structure, issues and weaknesses.The method is based on a qualitative analysis of the current organization for the management of flood in Tahiti. For this purpose, we interviewed fifteen local actors in charge of flood risk management on the urban area (semi-directive interviews of about 45min). These actors belong to the different territorial levels (municipality, country and state). The aim was to collect information about their intervention capacity, the spatial inequalities of these interventions, but also the processes of communication and exchange between actors as well as questions inherent to competences share and local governance autonomy.The results highlight more precisely the gaps in risk management, better identify the specificities of the actions articulations, and finally to suggest ways of fostering the resilience of organizations. More precisely, they highlight the concentration of resources for crisis management phases, while other activities, such as prevention and urban planning, remain largely undeveloped. This research also emphasizes the adaptation capacities of the territory by solidarity processes and the existence of a significant risk culture. Furthermore, this study makes it possible to establish a framework, identify strengths and weaknesses as well as the role and methods of each stakeholder. Taking into consideration the bicephalous dimension of local governance (between French Polynesia and the French state) is a major issue implying the improvement of coordination and consultation processes.This approach provides a comprehensive view of the territory's organization to flood management and allows us to frame the operational conditions for the implementation of a resilience observatory helping long-term thinking and collaboration and, consequently, improving the effectiveness of the processes in place. This observatory will facilitate sharing and co-construction of data, cooperation, and also communication with decision makers
Coral reef structural complexity loss exposes coastlines to waves
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Coral reefs offer natural coastal protection by attenuating incoming waves. Here we combine unique coral disturbance-recovery observations with hydrodynamic models to quantify how structural complexity dissipates incoming wave energy. We find that if the structural complexity of healthy coral reefs conditions is halved, extreme wave run-up heights that occur once in a 100-years will become 50 times more frequent, threatening reef-backed coastal communities with increased waves, erosion, and flooding
Auchan, nouveau distributeur en Polynésie
No full textBrève publiée dans la rubrique "Les essentiels du mois - Distribution"International audiencePar trois décisions datées du 20 décembre 2022 et publiées le 16 janvier 2023 (n° 2022-SC-10, 2022-SC-11 et 2022-SC-12), l'Autorité polynésienne de la concurrence (APC) autorise l'implantation en Polynésie française d'une nouvelle enseigne de distribution à dominante alimentaire : Auchan. Cette nouvelle enseigne vient s'ajouter à celles existantes, sans toutefois bouleverser le paysage commercial de la Polynésie française, puisqu'il ne s'agit de changement d'enseignes, sans création de nouvelles structures
Apprentissage de la preuve au supérieur aux Antilles
No full textInternational audienceProof has a special place in mathematical activity. Its role in the learning of this discipline and the vocabulary concerning it (proof, demonstration, etc.) are widely discussed by didactic research. Some lend it a validation function, others an explanatory function leading to a better understanding of mathematical concepts. In France, special attention is paid to it in secondary education where the programs specify that progressive learning is required. Furthermore, knowing a certain number of standard reasoning is required in the final scientific cycle. Higher education curricula do not refer to mathematical proof as the subject of instruction. This may suggest that the institution considers this learning completed at the end of secondary education. However, the results of the students at the start of higher education raise questions about their real expertise about scientific reasoning. The study presented here describes the perceptions of mathematical proof of students starting their scientific studies in Martinique, a French community with a school and university.La preuve possède une place particulière dans l’activité mathématique. Son rôle dans l’apprentissage de cette discipline et le vocabulaire la concernant (preuve, démonstration…) sont très discutés par la recherche didactique. Certains lui prêtent une fonction de validation, d’autres une fonction explicative permettant une meilleure compréhension des concepts mathématiques. En France, une attention particulière lui est portée dans l’enseignement secondaire où les programmes précisent qu’un apprentissage progressif en est demandé. La maîtrise de quelques raisonnements types est exigée dans le cycle terminal scientifique. Les programmes de l’enseignement supérieur ne font pas référence à la preuve comme objet d’enseignement. Ceci peut laisser penser que l’institution estime son apprentissage achevé à la fin de l’enseignement secondaire. Cependant, les résultats des étudiants, au début de l’enseignement supérieur, amènent à se questionner sur leur réelle maitrise du raisonnement scientifique. L’étude présentée ici décrit les perceptions vis-à-vis de la preuve mathématique d’étudiants en début de cursus supérieur scientifique en Martinique, collectivité française possédant une organisation scolaire et universitaire similaire à celle de la France hexagonale. Ces perceptions sont confrontées aux capacités révélées par une analyse de démonstrations faites par leurs pairs qu’ils ont été amenés à effectuer, lors d’une enquête par questionnaire. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’il existe un écart entre les perceptions des étudiants et les capacités révélées par leurs réponses au questionnaire, qui montre que la capacité à analyser une argumentation mathématique et à repérer les biais dans la rédaction d’une démonstration est encore à construire
Un nouveau président à la tête de l’Autorité de la concurrence de la Nouvelle-Calédonie
No full textArticle de vulgarisation scientifiqueLe 2 février 2023, comme le prévoient les textes, le Congrès de la Nouvelle-Calédonie a auditionné le candidat au poste de président de l’Autorité de la concurrence de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (ACNC). Validé par le Congrès, l’impétrant est dorénavant en attente de sa nomination effective par le gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.Article disponible sur le lien suivant :https://www.pacific-pirates-media.com/un-nouveau-president-a-la-tete-de-lautorite-de-la-concurrence-de-la-nouvelle-caledonie
Politicisation Processes: Migrant Politics and Labour Migrations between Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia
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Georges Eddy Lucien (2018), Le Nord-Est d’Haïti. La perle d’un monde fini : entre illusions et réalités (open for business), Paris, l’Harmattan
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Antropologia, educazione e condizione postmoderna: riflessioni epistemologiche e metodologiche
No full textInternational audienceThis short essay proposes an epistemological and methodological reflection about anthropology of education and the role that this emerging discipline can exercise to improve our understanding of otherness but also to build public policies based on scientific research. The ethnographic intellect and anthropological reason constitute two privileged analytical approaches for understanding - putting their scope into context and relativising them - the processes of transmission of knowledge (education, training, and instruction) and finally constructing research that is socially useful, capable of informing and evaluating the activity of the public institutions.Questo contributo vuole proporre una riflessione epistemologica e metodologica a proposito dell’antropologia dell’educazione e del ruolo che questa disciplina emergente può esercitare per migliorare la nostra comprensione dell’alterità ma anche per costruire politiche pubbliche basate sulla ricerca scientifica. L’intelletto etnografico e la ragione antropologica costituiscono due approcci analitici privilegiati per comprendere – mettendo in contesto e relativizzandone la portata - i processi di trasmissione dei saperi (l’educazione, la formazione e l’istruzione) e costruire, finalmente, una ricerca socialmente utile, capace di informare e valutare l’azione dei poteri pubblici