HAL Portal UPF (Université de la Polynésie française)
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3802 research outputs found
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L’alcool au bagne de Nouvelle-Calédonie : analyse croisée des sources existantes
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La diplomatie scientifique de la France lors des essais nucléaires atmosphériques dans le Pacifique (1962-1975)
No full textInternational audienceÀ la suite de l’implantation du Centre d’expérimentation du Pacifique (CEP) de 1962 à 1966, la France mène quarante-six essais nucléaires atmosphériques dans le Pacifique entre 1966 et 1974 dans le cadre de la constitution de sa force de dissuasion. Les archives déclassifiées en 2021 (Archives nationales, Service historique de la défense, Archives du ministère des Affaires étrangères), que dès 1962, la France mobilise sa diplomatie scientifique pour atténuer les contestations internationales émanant des nations du Pacifique et acquérir une expertise auprès des États-Unis et du Royaume-Uni, également engagés dans des essais
Un documentaire de qualité qui s’intéresse (enfin) aux métiers de la distribution alimentaire
No full textArticle de vulgarisation scientifiqueOn October 16, 2024, Polynésie 1ère TV aired an uplifting documentary about the food distribution sector in French Polynesia. By focusing on the professions, the key players on the ground, and their commitment—something all too rare—this work sheds light on the challenges of their activity and places its functioning within the broader context of an island economy. A rare perspective, far removed from the clichés and the superficial economic lens that too often dominate commentary on the sector.Read the full article in french at the following link:https://www.pacific-pirates-media.com/un-documentaire-de-qualite-qui-sinteresse-enfin-aux-metiers-de-la-distribution-alimentaire/Polynésie 1ère a diffusé le 16 octobre 2024 un documentaire réjouissant sur le secteur de la distribution alimentaire en Polynésie française. En s’intéressant aux métiers et aux acteurs de terrain et à leur engagement – une fois n’est pas coutume – ce travail permet de comprendre la difficulté de leur activité et d’en contextualiser le fonctionnement en économie insulaire. Un prisme rare, bien loin des poncifs et de l’approche économique indigente qui accompagnent trop souvent les commentaires du secteur.Article disponible sur le lien suivant :https://www.pacific-pirates-media.com/un-documentaire-de-qualite-qui-sinteresse-enfin-aux-metiers-de-la-distribution-alimentaire
No effects of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on reef-associated neonate shark abundance within a shark nursery-area system
No full textInternational audienceContext. Coastal habitats function as shark nursery areas; however, coastal habitats can experience extreme variation in abiotic conditions and are susceptible to human disturbances. Aims. Drivers of abundance were tested within a shark nursery-area system in two populations of reef-associated neonate sharks, namely, blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) and sicklefin lemon sharks (Negaprion acutidens). Methods. Catch data from a fisheries-independent gill-net survey (n = 90 sets from October 2018 to March 2019) at 10 sites around Moorea, French Polynesia, were used to test for associations between shark abundance and abiotic conditions (temperature, oxygen, pH, salinity, lunar phase and depth). Historical levels of fin-fish fishing effort, trampling (i.e. human movement through habitat), and coastal artificialisation (i.e. walls and embankments) estimated for each site were used to test for anthropogenic effects on shark abundance. Key results. There were no effects of any abiotic or anthropogenic factor on abundance of either species. Conclusions. Previous work corroborates our findings by demonstrating neonate sharks' physiological tolerance to extreme abiotic conditions and high survival in response to anthropogenic stressors. Alternatively, populations are already degraded from decades of coastal development. Implications. These data can aid in predicting the use of coastal habitats as shark nursery areas.</div
Analyse d’une pratique philosophique contextualisée à l’école polynésienne
No full textInternational audienceThis article tells a contextualized philosophical practice in the Polynesian school which isbased on three entries: Polynesian children’s literature, parental involvement and theTahitian language. The central question of the article is to know how the analysis of thisphilosophical practice would make it possible to better understand the phenomena linkedto didactic contextualization. 18 pupils aged 5 to 7, 2 parents and 1 practitioner-researcherare involved in the experiment. The research is qualitative, exploratory and based on theinterpretative epistemological paradigm. The corpus of data comes from the transcriptionof the oral exchanges of 2 philosophical discussion workshops (DVP) and 2 semi-structuredinterviews (ESD) carried out with the parents of pupils. The DVPs address twophilosophical themes (transformation and “growing up”) and are initiated by the sharedreading of a parent in Tahitian, then the practitioner-researcher launches the DVP in whichthe parent can intervene. First, the results underline the philosophical scope of the albumswhich reflect the Polynesian cultural anchorage. Secondly, our work shows the importanceof raising parents’ awareness of philosophical practices before the learning situation. Third,the linguistic results confirm the presence of detectable code-switching in the speeches. Inconclusion, this article enriches knowledge on the phenomena of contextualization for thebenefit of the success of Polynesian pupils.Cet article raconte une pratique philosophique contextualisée à l’école polynésienne qui prend appui sur trois entrées : la littérature de jeunesse polynésienne, l’implication parentale et la langue tahitienne. La question centrale de l’article est de savoir en quoi l’analyse de cette pratique philosophique permettrait de mieux comprendre les phénomènes liés à la contextualisation didactique. Dix-huit élèves âgés de 5 à 7 ans, deux parents et un praticien-chercheur sont impliqués dans l’étude. La recherche est qualitative, exploratoire et repose sur le paradigme épistémologique interprétatif. Le corpus de données est issu de la transcription des échanges oraux de 2 ateliers de discussions à visée philosophique (DVP) et de 2 entretiens semi-directifs (ESD) réalisés auprès des parents d’élèves. Les DVP abordent deux thématiques philosophiques (« la transformation » et « grandir ») et sont amorcées par la lecture partagée d’un parent en tahitien, puis le praticien-chercheur lance la DVP dans laquelle le parent peut intervenir. Premièrement, les résultats soulignent la portée philosophique des albums qui reflètent l’ancrage culturel polynésien. Deuxièmement, nos travaux montrent l’importance de sensibiliser les parents aux pratiques philosophiques avant la situation d’apprentissage. Troisièmement, les résultats sur le plan linguistique confirment la présence d’alternances codiques repérables dans les discours. En conclusion, cet article permet d’enrichir les connaissances sur les phénomènes de contextualisation au profit de la réussite des élèves polynésiens
Pedagogical Content Knowledge Context (PCKC). Theorical and methodological elements
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, the result of doctoral research (Robo, 2021), we present an adaptation of the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) model initiated by Shulman (1986) to identify the professional knowledge and beliefs of schoolteachers relating to taking contexts into account. We call this model Pedagogical Content Knowledge Context (PCKC). We consider PCKC from a theoretical point of view, but also as a methodological tool for describing "different aspects of mathematics teaching in culturally and linguistically diverse contexts", which for ICME15 falls within theme 2 of TSG 2.4. In this text, we outline and exemplify the construction of this model
Diseases of marine fish and shellfish in an age of rapid climate change
No full textInternational audienceA recurring trend in evidence scrutinised over the past few decades is that disease outbreaks will become more frequent, intense, and widespread on land and in water, due to climate change. Pathogens and the diseases they inflict represent a major constraint on seafood production and yield, and by extension, food security. The risk(s) for fish and shellfish from disease is a function of pathogen characteristics, biological species identity, and the ambient environmental conditions. A changing climate can adversely influence the host and environment, while augmenting pathogen characteristics simultaneously, thereby favouring disease outbreaks. Herein, we use a series of case studies covering some of the world's most cultured aquatic species (e.g., salmonids, penaeid shrimp, oysters), and the pathogens (viral, fungal, bacterial, parasitic) that afflict them, to illustrate the magnitude of disease-related problems linked to climate chang
Poster de présentation du living lab AMWI - Réseau de living labs Solu-Biod
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The Worst-Case Data-Generating Probability Measure in Statistical Learning
No full textInternational audienceThe worst-case data-generating (WCDG) probability measure is introduced as a tool for characterizing the generalization capabilities of machine learning algorithms. Such a WCDG probability measure is shown to be the unique solution to two different optimization problems: The maximization of the expected loss over the set of probability measures on the datasets whose relative entropy with respect to a \emph{reference measure} is not larger than a given threshold; and The maximization of the expected loss with regularization by relative entropy with respect to the reference measure. Such a reference measure can be interpreted as a prior on the datasets. The WCDG cumulants are finite and bounded in terms of the cumulants of the reference measure. To analyze the concentration of the expected empirical risk induced by the WCDG probability measure, the notion of -robustness of models is introduced. Closed-form expressions are presented for the sensitivity of the expected loss for a fixed model. These results lead to a novel expression for the generalization error of arbitrary machine learning algorithms. This exact expression is provided in terms of the WCDG probability measure and leads to an upper bound that is equal to the sum of the mutual information and the lautum information between the models and the datasets, up to a constant factor. This upper bound is achieved by a Gibbs algorithm. This finding reveals that an exploration into the generalization error of the Gibbs algorithm facilitates the derivation of overarching insights applicable to any machine learning algorithm