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Interannual early life history variation and larval dispersal of three tropical anguillid eel species recruiting in French Polynesia
No full textInternational audienceAnguilla marmorata, A. megastoma, and A. obscura live in the freshwater habitats of tropical islands spread across the western half of the South Pacific from New Caledonia to French Polynesia, but little is known about their early life histories or spawning areas in the eastern region. Otolith microstructure examinations of 455 glass eels from Moorea (1 river) and Tahiti (2 rivers) in the Society Islands (6 recruitment seasons 2013–2020) found average glass eel ages of 107 ± 12 days (d) (range: 73–145 d) for A. marmorata (N = 250; average total length: 51.5 ± 2.2 mm, 42.4–57.2 mm), 118 ± 11 d (96–150 d) for A. megastoma (N = 80; 52.1 ± 2.2 mm, 46.1–57.8 mm), and 110 ± 11 d (85–143 d) for A. obscura (N = 125; 51.0 ± 1.9 mm, 46.1–56.2 mm). Ages varied among years and sampling periods with wide and narrow ranges observed among species and periods. Hatching dates were August-November dry-season periods and the recruitment season was in the rainy season (November–March), but ages/timings varied in some years (e.g., 2015–2016 El Nino). The young glass eel ages compared to other anguillid glass eel species suggested that Society Island anguillids spawned locally, without long-distance spawning migrations, which was consistent with larval transport simulations in which virtual larvae (v-larvae) dispersed in all directions from Tahiti-Moorea. Back-tracked v-larvae could have originated from many directions, and drift-distances did not provide evidence of much larval-exchange among archipelagos. Future population-genetic, recruitment, and otolith studies at all French Polynesia archipelagos will help understand the spawning and recruitment ecology of central South Pacific anguillid eels
La visite de Moruroa du 9 mars 2024 : un symbole de l’apaisement des relations entre Paris et Papeete ?
No full textLe 9 mars 2024, une délégation polynésienne est invitée par le Haut-Commissariat de la République en Polynésie française pour visiter l’un des deux anciens sites d’essais nucléaires : l’atoll de Moruroa. Cette délégation est composée de députés, d’élus de l’Assemblée de la Polynésie française, de membres du gouvernement de la Polynésie française, dont le président Moetai Brotherson, de représentants d’associations d’anciens travailleurs et de journalistes
Archipels Connectés : l'Évolution Locale des Campus Connectés à Tahiti
No full textArchipels Connectés : l'Évolution Locale des Campus Connectés à TahitiEn 2020 le ministère de l’éducation nationale et de la jeuneuse lance le dispositif « Campus connectés » à partir de 89 projets proposés par des collectivités territoriales.Le projet « Archipels connectés » (version locale des campus connectés) présenté par le gouvernement de la Polynésie française en partenariat avec l’université de la Polynésie française (UPF), a été lauréat de l’appel à projet pour un ensemble de cinq campus connectés. Cet article va décrire l’architecture et la mise en place des « Archipels connectés », la conception des salles, l’infrastructure numérique et les caractéristiques propres à chacun d’entre eux
Benchmarking of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP-Seq) methods in the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas
No full textChromatin Immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) is the method of choice to generate chromatin landscapes across genomes. The scarcity of literature on ChIPseq and absence of a canonical "gold standard" method in mollusks and especially the pacific oyster Magallana gigas, prompted us to compare four ChIP-seq methodologies (Native-ChIP, Crosslink-ChIP, ChIPmentation and Cut & Tag) to find the most suitable method for this species. Our results show that Cut & Tag performs best and ChIPmentation worst. We hypothesize that the reason for this lies in a particularly fragile chromatin structure around genes in the oyster
Assessing CMIP Models' Ability to Detect Observed Surface Warming Signals Related to Climate Change
No full textInternational audienceAssessing if CMIP models can detect observed climate change signals is crucial for evaluating their realism and strengthening confidence in future projections. These signals can only be compared once distinguishable from the background climate "noise." Built for impact studies but not detection purpose, the time of emergence (ToE) estimates when this occurs using a fixed signal-to-noise ratio. To more accurately assess models' ability to reproduce observed climate change signals, we introduce the time of detection (ToD), which employs a statistical significance test of the nonlinear trend, accounting for the time series length. ToD and ToE are computed for sea surface temperature (SST) and relative SST (RSST) across four observational and 69 CMIP5/6 historical and shared socioeconomic pathways 5-8.5 (SSP5-8.5) scenario datasets. ToD precedes ToE and is less sensitive to the chosen threshold. While already detectable in most of the tropics, SST warming in the equatorial Pacific is detectable in ∼90% of models but only one out of four observational datasets, due to a stronger modeled warming. Because RSST signals are weaker than SST signals, they do not emerge anywhere but are detectable in two regions. The enhanced warming in the western Indian Ocean, detected in ∼45% of models, is not robust in observations when excluding pre-1960 dubious data. Conversely, the subdued southeast Pacific warming detected in observations and ∼80% of models is robust and consistent with a poleward extension of the Southern Hemisphere Hadley cell. The ToD's ability to detect subtle signals allows for assessing the realism of the CMIP warming pattern in this region
Le rôle de l'assesseur citoyen devant la commission de discipline en prison
No full textInternational audienceMalgré une abondante littérature sur le fonctionnement de la commission de discipline pénitentiaire, la doctrine s’est relativement peu intéressée à la place et au rôle de cet assesseur introduit en son sein à la faveur de la loi du 24 novembre 2009, dite loi pénitentiaire. L’article 91 de cette loi a en effet profondément réformé la composition de la commission de discipline, en prévoyant « qu’elle doit comprendre au moins un membre extérieur à l’administration pénitentiaire ».Quelque dix années après la loi du 24 novembre 2009 et alors même qu’un Code pénitentiaire est entré en vigueur le 1er mai 2022, il était nécessaire d’interroger le rôle de l’assesseur extérieur en commission de discipline notamment à l’aune de sa « légitimité et sa crédibilité ». L’objet de la présente recherche est de questionner le rôle citoyen de ce membre extérieur au fonctionnement de la commission de discipline. Comment la citoyenneté projetée par les textes s’incarne-t-elle sur le terrain à travers les représentations des différents acteurs de la commission de discipline pénitentiaire, dont l’assesseur lui-même ? Qu’est-ce qui fait la singularité de cet assesseur parmi les autres formes d’assessorat ? Comment est perçue cette citoyenneté ? Comment est-elle vécue
Description of the female and variation in males of the critically endangered Caledargiolestes janiceae Lieftinck, 1975 from South New Caledonia (Odonata: Zygoptera: Argiolestidae)
No full textInternational audienceCaledargiolestes janiceae Lieftinck, 1975 was erected on the basis of a single not-fully mature male. Eleven years later a female was captured but never described. Despite further searching, this species was only rediscovered in early 2022 with one female and two males (immature and mature) collected. This paper provides descriptions of the female and of the male in different stages of maturity
Hors camp, hors temps, hors champ : le refuge prolongé des Syriens au Liban
No full textInternational audienceThis article analyses humanitarian confinement from the perspective of the protracted refugee situation, drawing on the case of Syrian refugees in Lebanon since 2011. It examines the mechanisms by which refugees are spatially and temporally immobilized in this transit country, according to two scales: the first, national and transnational, considers Lebanon as a zone where refugees are excluded from the geopolitics of asylum. The second, local and urban, looks at the spatialization of refuge outside the camps, based on the dual movement of absorption and “encampment” of refugees on the margins of the city.Cet article analyse le confinement humanitaire sous l’angle du refuge prolongé des réfugié·es syrien·nes, au Liban depuis 2011. Il s’agit d’examiner les mécanismes de l’immobilisation spatiale et temporelle des réfugié·es dans ce pays dit de transit, à partir de deux échelles : la première, nationale et transnationale, envisage le Liban comme une zone de mise à l’écart des réfugié·es au sein la géopolitique de l’asile. La seconde, locale et urbaine, porte sur la spatialisation du refuge hors des camps, selon le double mouvement d’absorption et d’« encampement » des réfugié·es dans les marges de la ville
7th QATEM (Quantitative Advances in Tourism Economics and Management) workshop
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Coral reef fish density at a tourist destination responded rapidly to COVID-19 restrictions
No full textWOS:001270946000001Throughout the world, anthropogenic pressure on natural ecosystems is intensifying, notably through urbanisation, economic development, and tourism. Coral reefs have become exposed to stressors related to tourism. To reveal the impact of human activities on fish communities, we used COVID-19-related social restrictions in 2021. In French Polynesia, from February to December 2021, there was a series of restrictions on local activities and international tourism. We assessed the response of fish populations in terms of changes in the species richness and density of fish in the lagoon of Bora-Bora (French Polynesia). We selected sites with varying human pressures—some dedicated to tourism activities, others affected by boat traffic, and control sites with little human presence. Underwater visual surveys demonstrated that fish density and richness differed spatially and temporally. They were lowest on sites affected by boat traffic regardless of pandemic-related restrictions, and when activities were authorised; they were highest during lockdowns. Adult fish density increased threefold on sites usually affected by boat traffic during lockdowns and increased 2.7-fold on eco-tourism sites during international travel bans. Human activities are major drivers of fish density and species richness spatially across the lagoon of Bora-Bora but also temporally across pandemic-related restrictions, with dynamic responses to different restrictions. These results highlight the opportunity provided by pauses in human activities to assess their impact on the environment and confirm the need for sustainable lagoon management in Bora-Bora and similar coral reef settings affected by tourism and boat traffic